托业测试之阅读理解习题.docx

托业测试之阅读理解习题.docx

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托业测试之阅读理解习题

2012托业测试之阅读理解习题

以下是笔者为大家整理的关于托业考试的文章，供大家学习参考！

Question1-7

HotelswereamongtheearliestfacilitiesthatboundtheUnitedStatestogether.Theywerebothcreaturesandcreatorsofcommunities,aswellassymptomsofthefreneticquestforcommunity.Eveninthefirstpartofthenineteenthcentury,Americanswereprivate,businessandpleasurepurposes.Conventionswerethenewoccasions,andhotelsweredistinctivelyAmericanfacilitiesmakingconventionspossible.ThefirstnationalconventionofamajorpartytochooseacandidateforPresident（thatoftheNationalRepublicanparty,whichmetonDecember12,1831,andnominatedHenryClayforPresident）washeldinBaltimore,atahotelthatwasthenreputedtobethebestinthecountry.ThepresenceinBaltimoreofBarnum’sCityHotel,asix-storybuildingwithtwohundredapartmentshelpsexplainwhymanyotherearlynationalpoliticalconventionswereheldthere.

Inthelongerrun,too.Americanhotelsmadeothernationalconventionsnotonlypossiblebutpleasantandconvivial.Thegrowingcustomofregularlyassemblingfromafartherepresentativesofallkindsofgroups-notonlyforpoliticalconventions,butalsoforcommercial,professional,learned,andavocationalones-inturnsupportedthemultiplyinghotels.Bymid-twentiethcentury,conventionsaccountedforoverthirdoftheyearlyroomoccupancyofallhotelsinthenation,abouteighteenthousanddifferentconventionswereheldannuallywithatotalattendanceofabouttenmillionpersons.

Nineteenth-centuryAmericanhotelkeepers,whowerenolongerthegenial,deferential“hosts”oftheeighteenth-centuryEuropeaninn,becameleadingcitizens.Holdingalargestakeinthecommunity,theyexercisedpowertomakeitprosper.Asownersormanagersofthelocal“palaceofthepublic”,theyweremakersandshapersofaprincipalcommunityattraction.Travelersfromabroadweremildlyshockedbythishighsocialposition.

1.Theword“bound”inline1isclosestinmeaningto

（A）led

（B）protected

（C）tied

（D）strengthened

2.TheNationalRepublicanpartyismentionedinline8asanexampleofagroup

（A）fromBaltimore

（B）oflearnedpeople

（C）owningahotel

（D）holdingaconvention

3.Theword“assembling”inline14isclosestinmeaningto

（A）announcing

（B）motivating

（C）gathering

（D）contracting

4.Theword“ones”inline16refersto

（A）hotels

（B）conventions

（C）kinds

（D）representatives

5.Theword“it”inline23refersto

（A）Europeaninn

（B）host

（C）community

（D）public

6.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatearlyhotelkeepersintheUnitedStateswere

（A）activepoliticians

（B）Europeanimmigrants

（C）Professionalbuilders

（D）Influentialcitizens

7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutearlyAmericanhotelsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

（A）Travelersfromabroaddidnotenjoystayinginthem.

（B）Conventionswereheldinthem

（C）Peopleusedthemforbothbusinessandpleasure.

（D）Theywereimportanttothecommunity.

Question8-17

Beadswereprobablythefirstdurableornamentshumanspossessed,andtheintimaterelationshiptheyhadwiththeirownersisreflectedinthefactthatbeadsareamongthemostcommonitemsfoundinancientarchaeologicalsites.Inthepast,astoday,men,women,andchildrenadornedthemselveswithbeads.Insomeculturesstill,certainbeadsareoftenwornfrombirthuntildeath,andthenareburiedwiththeirownersfortheafterlife.Abrasionduetodailywearaltersthesurfacefeaturesofbeads,andiftheyareburiedforlong,theeffectsofcorrosioncanfurtherchangetheirappearance.Thus,interestisimpartedtothebeadbothbyuseandtheeffectsoftime.

Besidestheirwearability,eitherasjewelryorincorporatedintoarticlesofattire,beadspossessthedesirablecharacteristicsofeverycollectible,theyaredurable,portable,availableininfinitevariety,andoftenvaluableintheiroriginalculturalcontextaswellasintoday’smarket.Pleasingtolookatandtouch,beadscomeinshapes,colors,andmaterialsthatalmostcompelonetohandlethemandtosortthem.

Beadsareminiaturebundlesofsecretswaitingtoberevealed:

theirhistory,manufacture,culturalcontext,economicrole,andornamentaluseareallpointsofinformationonehopestounravel.Eventhemostmundanebeadsmayhavetraveledgreatdistancesandbeenexposedtomanyhumanexperiences.Thebeadresearchermustgatherinformationfrommanydiversefields.Inadditiontohavingtobeageneralistwhilespecializinginwhatmayseemtobeanarrowfield,theresearcherisfacedwiththeproblemofprimarymaterialsthathavelittleornodocumentation.Manyancientbeadsthatareofethnographicinteresthaveoftenbeenseparatedfromtheiroriginalculturalcontext.

Thespecialattractionsofbeadscontributetotheuniquenessofbeadresearch.Whileoftenregardedasthe“smallchangeofcivilizations”,beadsareapartofeveryculture,andtheycanoftenbeusedtodatearchaeologicalsitesandtodesignatethedegreeofmercantile,technological,andculturalsophistication.

8.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?

（A）Materialsusedinmakingbeads.

（B）Howbeadsaremade

（C）Thereasonsforstudyingbeads

（D）Differenttypesofbeads

9.Theword“adorned”inline4isclosestinmeaningto

（A）protected

（B）decorated

（C）purchased

（D）enjoyed

10.Theword“attire”inline9isclosestinmeaningto

（A）ritual

（B）importance

（C）clothing

（D）history

11.AllofthefollowingaregivenascharacteristicsofcollectibleobjectsEXCEPT

（A）durability

（B）portability

（C）value

（D）scarcity.

12.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarefactorsthatmakepeoplewanttotouchbeadsEXCEPTthe（A）shape

（B）color

（C）material

（D）odor

13.Theword“unravel”inline16isclosestinmeaningto

（A）communicate

（B）transport

（C）improve

（D）discover

14.Theword“mundane”inline16isclosestinmeaningto

（A）carved

（B）beautiful

（C）ordinary

（D）heavy

15.Itisdifficulttotracethehistoryofcertainancientbeadsbecausethey

（A）aresmallinsize

（B）havebeenburiedunderground

（C）havebeenmovedfromtheiroriginallocations

（D）arefrequentlylost

16.Knowledgeofthehistoryofsomebeadsmaybeusefulinthestudiesdonebywhichofthefollowing?

（A）Anthropologists

（B）Agriculturalexperts

（C）Medicalresearchers

（D）Economists

17.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthordescribewhytheappearanceofbeadsmaychange?

（A）Lines3-4

（B）Lines6-8

（C）Lines12-13

（D）Lines20-22.

Question18-31

Intheworldofbirds,billdesignisaprimeexampleofevolutionaryfine-tuning.Shorebirdssuchasoystercatchersusetheirbillstopryopenthetightlysealedshellsoftheirprey,hummingbirdshavestiletto-likebillstoprobethedeepestnectar-bearingflowers,andkiwissmelloutearthwormsthankstonostrilslocatedatthetipoftheirbeaks.Butfewbirdsaremoreintimatelytiedtotheirsourceofsustenancethanarecrossbills.Twospeciesofthesefinches,namedforthewaytheupperandlowerpartsoftheirbillscross,ratherthanmeetinthemiddle,resideintheevergreenforestsofNorthAmericaandfeedontheseedsheldwithintheconesofconiferoustrees.

Theefficiencyofthebillisevidentwhenacrossbilllocatesacone.Usingalateralmotionofitslowermandible,thebirdseparatestwooverlappingscalesontheconeandexposestheseed.Thecrossedmandiblesenablethebirdtoexertapowerfulbitingforceatthebilltips,whichiscriticalformaneuveringthembetweenthescalesandspreadingthescalesapart.Next,thecrossbillsnakesitslongtongueintothegapanddrawsouttheseed.Usingthecombinedactionofthebillandtongue,thebirdcracksopenanddiscardsthewoodyseedcoveringactionandswallowsthenutritiousinnerkernel.Thiswholeprocesstakesbutafewsecondsandisrepeatedhundredsoftimesaday.

Thebillsofdifferentcrossbillspeciesandsubspeciesvary-somearestoutanddeep,othersmoreslanderandshallow.Asarule,large-billedcrossbillsarebetteratsecuringseedsfromlargecones,whilesmall-billedcrossbillsaremoredeftatremovingtheseedsfromsmall,thin-scaledcones.Moreover,thedegreetowhichconesarenaturallyslightlyopenortightlyclosedhelpsdeterminewhichbilldesignisthebest.

OneanomalyisthesubspeciesofredcrossbillknownastheNewfoundlandcrossbill.Thisbirdhasalarge,robustbill,yetmostofNewfoundland’sconifershavesmallcones,thesamekindofconesthattheslender-billedwhite-wingsrelyon.

18.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

（A）Theimportanceofconifersinevergreenforests

（B）Theefficiencyofthebillofthecrossbill

（C）Thevarietyoffoodavailableinaforest

（D）Thedifferenttechniquesbirdsusetoobtainfood

19.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthetypeof“evolutionaryfine-turning”mentionedinline1?

（A）Differentshapesofbillshaveevolveddependingontheavailablefoodsupply

（B）White-wingcrossbillshaveevolvedfromredcrossbills

（C）Newfoundland’sconifershaveevolvedsmallcones

（D）Severalsubspeciesofcrossbillshaveevolvedfromtwospecies

20.Whydoestheauthormentionoystercatchers,hummingbirds,andkiwisinlines2-4?

（A）Theyareexamplesofbirdsthatliveintheforest

（B）Theirbeaksaresimilartothebeakofthecrossbill

（C）Theyillustratetherelationshipbetweenbilldesignandfoodsupply

（D）Theyarecloselyrelatedtothecrossbill

21.Crossbillsareatypeof

（A）shorebird

（B）hummingbird

（C）kiwi

（D）finch

22.Whichofthefollowingmostcloselyresemblesthebirddescribedinlines6-8?

（A）（图）

（B）（图）

（C）（图）

（D）（图）

23.Theword“which”inline12refersto

（A）seed

（B）bird

（C）force

（D）bill

24.Theword“gap”inline13isclosestinmeaningto

（A）opening

（B）flower

（C）mouth

（D）tree

25