定语从句2剖析.docx
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定语从句2剖析
直升机教育：
三大从句之——定语从句
定语：
修饰名词，把名词“定住”
Idon’tlikelazypeople.
Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.
先行词关系词
先行词：
被定从修饰的名词，常出现在定从前面，故称为“先行词”关系词：
引导定语从句，在从句中充当先行词的“替身”
一、关系词
【关系代词】whowhomwhichthatwhoseas
Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.
【关系副词】whenwherewhy
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.
【总结】从句缺名词时用关代，不缺名词用关副
*特别注意！
！
！
定从的世界里没有what和how！
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1.whose：
“ta的”/“ta们的”例：
【2013福建】Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose______liveswereaffected.
A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which
【2005天津】Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,
from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.
A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what
【2006福建】Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______oofris
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that
【2009天津】Aperson______email-accountisfullwon’tbeabletosend
orreceiveanye-mails.
A.whoB.whom
C.whoseD.whoever
2.as：
“正如”
【2004北京】______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthe
twocountriesaremakingprogress.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
【2004江苏】______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.
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A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
Asisknowntoall,正如我⋯们都知道的，⋯
Ashasbeensaidbefore,正如先⋯前说过的，⋯
Asisshowninthepicture,正如图⋯画中展示的那样
Asoftenhappens,正如⋯经常发生的，⋯
注：
as的“先行词”是整个主句
as从句中常用被动
as引导的定从可置于主句之前
3.which：
“这件事”
【2013天津】Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,______is
announcedintoday’snewspaper.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
【2005浙江】Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyin
A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it
注：
which的“先行词”也可以是整个主句
【2007浙江】Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,______usedtobepoorly
run,isnowasuccessfulone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where
【2011浙江】Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof______usesitdifferently.
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A.whichB.whatC.themD.those
注：
which的“先行词”也可以是某个名词
4.that：
“人物绝不避人物”·人：
that可以指代人·物：
that可以指代物·绝：
当先行词表“绝对”意义时，用that
·不：
当先行词是“不定代词”时，用that
·避：
如果句子里已经用了who/which，为避免重复，可以用that
·人物：
当先行词“即有人又有物”时，用that
5.不能用that的情况逗号后
介词后
一．单句练习
1.Thereisn’tamoment________’Imnotthinkingofyou.
2.Shehasmarriedagain,_______wasunexpected.
3.Itissuchagoodplace______everybodywantstogoandvisit______itisw
ellknownallovertheworld.
4Oneoftheboyswho_______（be）myfriends________（be）verygoodatEngl
ish.
5.Iwillputthebook_______youplaceditandmakeamarkattheplace____
___canbeeasilyseen.
（2013
杭州）Beingblindissomething___mostpeoplecan
’timagine.
A.who
B.what
C.that
D.whom
（2012
天津）Pleasepassmethecartoonbook___hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.
A.whom
B.whose
C.who
D.which
（2012
广东）Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark___wevisitedlastweek.
A.who
B.when
C.what
D.which
（2010
天津）Jamieisayoungcook___wantstoimproveschooldinners.
A.who
B.whose
C.whom
D.which
（2009
绍兴）ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1,adisease___hascausedmany
deaths.
A.who
B.which
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C.whomD.what
（2009杭州）Isthattheman___helpedusalotaftertheearthquake?
A.whoseB.which
C.whenD.who
二、定从解题技巧
Step1：
定从的世界里没有what和how
Step2：
如果有as和whose，则优先考虑as和whose
Step3：
如果从句不完整，填关代，此时“逗号或介词后”不用
that，其他情况用that；
如果从句完整，填关副，此时“非时间即地点”——只要先行词不
是时间，不管是不是地点，都看做地点。
【2013湖南】Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.
A.whomB.who
C.whatD.which
【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
A.whenB.where
C.whichD.whom
【2010全国Ⅱ】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething______was
someoneelse’sfault.
A.whoB.that
C.asD.what
Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames______Ihaveeverseen.
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A.whereB.that
C.whatD.which
【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.where
C.whichD.whose
【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof______
shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whom
C.whichD.that
【2011全国II】Tedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsanda
T-shirt,______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.that
C.whatD.which
三、“介词+关代”现象
Thegirlwithwhomyouwilldanceismygirlfriend.
【2009陕西】Guncontrolisasubject____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.
A.ofwhichB.withwhich
C.aboutwhichD.intowhich
【2004全国I】Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,______thesailingtimewas226days.
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A.ofwhichB.duringwhich
C.fromwhichD.forwhich
【2004全国】Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.
A.onwhichB.inwhich
C.ofwhichD.fromwhich
【2012湖南】Careofthesoulisagradualprocess______eventhesmall
detailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.
A.whatB.inwhat
C.whichD.inwhich
【2006福建】Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofis
A.whose
C.ofwhichD.that
四、“限制”/非“限制”
Ihaveagirlfriendwhoworksabroad.
Ihaveagirlfriend,whoworksabroad.
Heneverwearsclotheswhichmakehimlookdifferent.
Heneverwearsclothes,whichmakehimlookdifferent.
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五、定从的翻译
（一）在汉语中，用“动词+的”修饰名词时，英语中用定语从句
·李辉是个教英语的老师。
LiHuiisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.
·Step1：
将“定语从句部分”置于先行词之后
·Step2：
加上相应的关系词
从句缺名词用关代，不缺名词用关副
那是我想要的书。
Thatisthebookthat/whichIwant.
注意：
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略
我很高兴收到了期待已久的邀请函。
Iamglad/happy/delightedtoreceivetheinvitationthat/whichI
havebeenlookingforwardto.
告诉我们你知道的一切。
Tellusallthatyouknow.
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
Heisthepersonthat/who/whomI
metyesterday
这就是我喜欢这个想法的原因。
ThisisthereasonwhyIlikethis
idea.
我最喜欢的书是霍金写的《时间简史》
ThebookthatIlikebestisABriefHistoryofTimewhichisABriefHistoryofTime
（二）在汉语中，用“一个句子”补充名词性质时，英语中用定语从句
1.我有一只羊驼。
Ihaveanalpaca
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2.我有一只羊驼，它是我舅舅从澳大利亚带来的。
Thealpacawasbrought
bymyunclefromAustralia.
which
3.Tom是一只羊驼，他总是说谎。
Tomisanalpacawhoalwaystellslies.
4.南美是一个地方，在那儿羊驼经常闯进屋子.
SouthAmericaisaplacewherealpacasoftenrushintoourhouse.
三、定语从句
1.定语从句结构：
先行词+[关系词]+定语从句
2.例：
3.Maryisagirl.+MarywasbroughtupinBeijing.
4.
5.Maryisagirl[who]wasbroughtupinBeijing.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
人
that,who,whom
Sheisthegirlwhosings
well.
物
that,which
Ilikethesongthatsheis
playing.
人/物
whose
Thegirlwhosemotheris
anursesingsverywell.
时间
when
Iwon’tforgettheday
whenImetyou.
地点
where
We’llvisitthepark
wheretherearemillions
ofwildbirds.
原因
why
TellmethereasonwhyI
failed.
6.注意：
只能用
that引导，不能用who/which
7.1.先行词=all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词
8.TomtoldhisfriendseverythingthatItoldhim.
9.2.theonly,thevery,thelast先行词
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10.HewastheonlypersonthatIcouldtrust.
11.3.序数词、形容词最高级先行词
12.Hewasthefirstboythatpasttheexam.
13.4.only,all,any,no等先行词
14.IwatchedallthemoviesthatwereactedbyJetLeeandStephenChow.
15.5.当主句是以疑问词who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
16.Whoistheboythatisrunningontheplaygroundwithredcheeks?
17.关系代词的省略：
18.1.that,which,who在从句中作主语时，不能省略
19.Heistheboywhowonthegame.
20.2.关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词宾语时，
21.且介词放在关系代词前，
22.不能省略
23.I’llneverforgetthepersonwithwhomIworked.
24.注意区分：
25.1.先行词表示“地点”时，关系词并不一定是where
26.Thisisthemuseumwheresheworks.
27.
Thisisthemuseumthatwe’llvisit.
28.
29.2.先行词表示“时间”时，关系词不一定是when
30.IstillrememberthedaywhenImether.
31.Sep.1st,2014isthedaythatIwillneverforget.
32.where/when=介词+which/that
33.Thisisthemuseumwheresheworks.
34.Thisisthemuseum.+Sheworksatthemuseum.
35.Thisisthemuseumatwhichsheworks.
36.IstillrememberthedaywhenImether.
37.Istillremembertheday.+Imetherontheday.
38.IstillrememberthedayonwhichImether.
39.
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