定语从句2剖析.docx

1、定语从句2剖析直升机教育：三大从句之定语从句定语：修饰名词，把名词“定住”I don t likelazy people.I don t likepeople who never keep their word.先行词 关系词先行词：被定从修饰的名词，常出现在定从前面，故称为“先行词”关系词：引导定语从句，在从句中充当先行词的 “替身 ”一、关系词【关系代词】 who whom which that whose asI don t like peoplewho never keep their word.【关系副词】 when where whyI will never forget the

2、day when I met you.【总结】从句缺名词时用关代，不缺名词用关副* 特别注意！定从的世界里没有 what 和 how！11.whose：“ta 的” / “ ta们的”例：【2013福建】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which【2005 天津】 Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _ eff

3、ects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. those D. what【2006 福建】 Look out! Don t get too close to the house _oofr isA. whose B. which C. of which D. that【2009 天津】A person _ email- account is full won t be able to sendor receive any e-mails.A. who B. whomC. whose D. whoever2. as：“正如”【20

4、04 北京】 _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between thetwo countries are making progress.A. It B. As C.That D. What【2004 江苏】 _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.2A. Which B. When C. What D. AsAs is known to all, 正如我们都知道的， As has been said before, 正如先前说过的， As is shown in the

5、 picture, 正如图画中展示的那样As often happens, 正如经常发生的， 注： as 的 “先行词 ”是整个主句as 从句中常用被动as 引导的定从可置于主句之前3.which：“这件事”【2013 天津】 We have launched another man-made satellite, _isannounced in today s newspaper.A. that B. which C. who D. what【2005 浙江】 Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody inA. which B. t

6、hat C. this D. it注： which 的“先行词 ”也可以是整个主句【2007 浙江】Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorlyrun, is now a successful one.A. that B. which C. who D. where【2011 浙江】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it differently.3A. which B. what C. them D. those注： wh

7、ich 的“先行词 ”也可以是某个名词4.that ：“人物绝不避人物” 人： that 可以指代人物： that 可以指代物绝：当先行词表“绝对”意义时，用 that不：当先行词是“不定代词”时，用 that避：如果句子里已经用了 who/which，为避免重复，可以用 that人物：当先行词“即有人又有物”时，用 that5.不能用 that 的情况逗号后介词后一单句练习1.There isnta moment _ Im not thinking of you.2.She has married again, _ was unexpected.3.It is such a good pla

8、ce _ everybody wants to go and visit _ it is well known all over the world.4 One of the boys who _(be) my friends _(be) very good at English.5.I will put the book _ you placed it and make a mark at the place _ can be easily seen.(2013杭州 ) Being blind is something _ most people can t imagine.A. whoB.

9、 whatC. thatD. whom(2012天津 ) Please pass me the cartoon book _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which(2012广东 ) There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week.A. whoB. whenC. whatD. which(2010天津 ) Jamie is a young cook _ wants to improve school dinners.A. whoB.

10、whoseC. whomD. which(2009绍兴 ) The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease _ has caused manydeaths.A. whoB. which4C. whom D. what(2009 杭州 ) Is that the man _ helped us a lot after the earthquake?A. whose B. whichC. when D. who二、定从解题技巧Step1：定从的世界里没有 what 和 howStep2：如果有 as和 whose，则优先考虑 as 和

11、 whoseStep3：如果从句不完整，填关代，此时“逗号或介词后”不用that，其他情况用 that；如果从句完整，填关副，此时“非时间即地点”只要先行词不是时间，不管是不是地点，都看做地点。【2013 湖南】Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whom B. whoC. what D. which【2013 山东】 Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from t

12、he outside world.A. when B. whereC. which D. whom【2010 全国】 I refuse to accept the blame for something _wassomeone else s fault.A. who B. thatC. as D. whatThis is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.5A. where B. thatC. what D. which【2010 福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the ear

13、th is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.A. that B. whereC. which D. whose【2011 湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _she spoke fluently.A. who B. whomC. which D. that【2011 全国 II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and aT-shirt, _ is a stu

14、pid thing to do in such weather.A. this B. thatC. what D. which三、 “介词 +关代”现象The girl with whom you will dance is my girlfriend.【2009 陕西】 Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which B. with whichC. about which D. into which【2004 全国 I】The journey around the world took

15、the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.6A. of which B. during whichC. from which D. for which【2004 全国】 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _ five are mine.A. on which B. in whichC. of which D. from which【2012 湖南】 Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small

16、details of life should be considered.A. what B. in whatC. which D. in which【2006 福建】 Look out! Don t get too close to the house_ roof isA. whoseC. of which D. that四、 “限制 ”/非“限制 ”I have a girlfriend who works abroad.I have a girlfriend, who works abroad.He never wears clothes which make him look diff

17、erent.He never wears clothes, which make him look different.7五、定从的翻译（一）在汉语中，用 “动词 +的” 修饰名词时，英语中用定语从句李辉是个 教英语的 老师。LiHui is a teacherwho teaches English.Step1：将“定语从句部分”置于先行词之后Step2：加上相应的关系词从句缺名词用关代，不缺名词用关副那是我想要的书。 That is the book that/which I want.注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略我很高兴收到了期待已久的邀请函。I am glad/happy/del

18、ighted to receive the invitation that/which Ihave been looking forward to.告诉我们你知道的一切。 Tell us all that you know.他就是我昨天见到的那个人。 He is the person that/who/whom Imet yesterday这就是我喜欢这个想法的原因。 This is the reason why I like thisidea.我最喜欢的书是霍金写的时间简史The book that I like best is A Brief History of Time which i

19、s A Brief History of Time（二）在汉语中，用 “一个句子 ”补充名词性质时，英语中用定语从句1.我有一只羊驼。 I have an alpaca82.我有一只羊驼，它是我舅舅从澳大利亚带来的。 The alpaca was broughtby my uncle from Australia.which3.Tom 是一只羊驼，他总是说谎。 Tom is an alpaca who always tells lies.4.南美是一个地方， 在那儿羊驼经常闯进屋子 .South America is a place where alpacas often rush into

20、our house.三、定语从句1. 定语从句结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句2.例：3.Mary is a girl. + Mary was brought up in Beijing.4.5.Mary is a girl who was brought up in Beijing.先行词关系词定语从句人that, who, whomShe is the girl who singswell.物that, whichI like the song that she isplaying.人 /物whoseThe girl whose mother isa nurse sings very

21、 well.时间whenI won t forget the daywhen I met you.地点whereWe ll visit the parkwhere there are millionsof wild birds.原因whyTell me the reason why Ifailed.6. 注意：只能用that 引导，不能用 who / which7.1. 先行词 = all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词8.Tom told his friends everything that I told h

22、im.9. 2. the only, the very, the last 先行词910.He was the only person that I could trust.11. 3. 序数词、形容词最高级 先行词12.He was the first boy that past the exam.13. 4. only, all, any, no 等 先行词14.I watched all the movies that were acted by Jet Lee and Stephen Chow.15.5.当主句是以疑问词 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。16.Who is

23、the boy that is running on the playground with red cheeks?17.关系代词的省略：18.1. that, which, who 在从句中作主语时，不能省略19.He is the boy who won the game.20.2. 关系代词 which, whom 在从句中作介词宾语时，21.且介词放在关系代词前，22.不能省略23.I ll never forget the personwith whom I worked.24.注意区分：25.1. 先行词表示“地点 ”时，关系词并不一定是 where26.This is the m

24、useum where she works.27.This is the museumthat we ll visit.28.29.2. 先行词表示“时间 ”时，关系词不一定是 when30.I still remember the day when I met her.31.Sep. 1st, 2014 is the day that I will never forget.32.where / when = 介词 + which / that33.This is the museum where she works.34.This is the museum. + She works at the museum.35.This is the museum at which she works.36.I still remember the day when I met her.37.I still remember the day. + I met her on the day.38.I still remember the day on which I met her.39.10