解析提高油墨附着力电晕处理.docx
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解析提高油墨附着力电晕处理
解析提高油墨附着力的电晕处理
电晕处理是广泛用于对塑料、纸张及金属箔作表面处理以改进油墨、油漆、连接剂及涂料的附着力。
它被广泛采用的原因是效果好、能控制及便于掌握。
尤其是因为电晕处理设备的效率及作用不断改进，与高产的加工设备保持着同步并进。
一、可湿性与附着力
电晕处理是改变不少非吸收性基材表面特性的一种有效手段，能使油墨有更好的湿润及附着性能，即所谓可湿性，这就是诸如油墨、底胶、涂料等对塑料、纸张或金属箔附着的基础。
可湿性决定一种液体在一种固体表面上的展延性。
水滴在亲水性表面就展延成一薄水层，而在亲油性表面却形成小水滴。
水滴外表层的切线与固体表面间所形成的接触角（夹角），即表示该表面润湿性能的强弱，接触角越大，润湿性能越差。
润湿性视化学组成及表面结构而异。
对塑料进行印刷或烫箔时，塑料表面的可湿性必须比油墨或箔的可湿性高，否则其展延、转移及附着均会发生困难。
几种聚合物的表面性能大致如下:
聚乙烯（PE）31-33mN/m
family7beingkilledthere.ZhuXiforces,hundredsofpeoplewerekilledand19capturedfightersoftheirrespectiveCorpsYouthpioneers,openingofatemplebytheJapanesemilitaryinoceanathickwirethroughthePalmofeachhand,pulledalong,redwiththebloodoftheEarth.Thefaceoftheenemy'spower,captured19youngmenandwomen,nonehaveeverbeenintimidated,noyield.EscortoftheJapanesecaptain,keptshoutingvicious"ZhuXiforces,anenemyoftheImperialArmy,bigbad!
JapanhelpsyoubuildaneworderinEastAsia,yousee,aslongasyourepentandregret,infavourofJapan-Chinagoodwill,isoverkill."Enemyof18yearoldtwinsistersarehypocriticallysurnamedYaosaid:
"ouryouth,alotofthingsarewaitingforyou,howcanyouquicklyleavetheworld."Inthefaceofenemythreats,seduce,19soldiersdie,shouting:
"downwithJapanimperialism!
longlivethenation!
"Ictusoftimes,felltotheenemyunderthebutcher'sknife.He（she）fortheliberationoftheChinesenation,thebeautyofyouthtotheliberationcauseoftheChinesenation,motherlandcavitybloodsprinkledontheground.ZhongJiaDUNbloodybattle,belongstoagroupofZhuXiforces,twomissions,ChenQi,ZhuJieminBrigadeBrigadesufferedheavycasualties.ChineseCommunistPartyMemberXu,XuQuansheng,headofthreeWangYulinandothersacrificesinthebattle.ZhongJiaDUNbattlecasualties,ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.ZhuXiforcesatthebattleofZhongJiaDUNsufferaseriousdefeat,but
聚丙烯（PP）29-30mN/m
涤纶聚酯（PET）41-42mN/m
通常用作油墨溶剂的表面能为:
乙醇22mN/m、醋酸乙酯24mN/m，而水为72mN/m，就难以湿润塑料，所以水基油墨一般不用来印塑料。
塑料是一种复合物质，含一种或多种聚合物及多种添加剂，如填充料、抗氧化剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂、颜料等。
虽然塑料的主体聚合物的化学结构（基团）决定油墨或底胶的可湿性和附着力，但其添加剂会从塑料内部向表面迁移，而影响塑料的表面能。
所以，塑料存放的时间越长，或某些添加剂的含量（如润滑剂）越高时，其表面能的变化也越大。
故塑料在印刷前还需对其表面能进行测试，并作电晕处理，以免发生转移或附着力不足的问题。
一般来说，20-40千赫的中频处理大多就可以了。
特殊处理（如复杂的产品）则可采用特定的电极进行处理。
UV油墨比溶剂性油墨要求塑料薄膜有更高的表面能，水基油墨系统含醇量高的也要求较高的表面能力，而且要求在狭的范围内，才能有好的附着力。
family7beingkilledthere.ZhuXiforces,hundredsofpeoplewerekilledand19capturedfightersoftheirrespectiveCorpsYouthpioneers,openingofatemplebytheJapanesemilitaryinoceanathickwirethroughthePalmofeachhand,pulledalong,redwiththebloodoftheEarth.Thefaceoftheenemy'spower,captured19youngmenandwomen,nonehaveeverbeenintimidated,noyield.EscortoftheJapanesecaptain,keptshoutingvicious"ZhuXiforces,anenemyoftheImperialArmy,bigbad!
JapanhelpsyoubuildaneworderinEastAsia,yousee,aslongasyourepentandregret,infavourofJapan-Chinagoodwill,isoverkill."Enemyof18yearoldtwinsistersarehypocriticallysurnamedYaosaid:
"ouryouth,alotofthingsarewaitingforyou,howcanyouquicklyleavetheworld."Inthefaceofenemythreats,seduce,19soldiersdie,shouting:
"downwithJapanimperialism!
longlivethenation!
"Ictusoftimes,felltotheenemyunderthebutcher'sknife.He（she）fortheliberationoftheChinesenation,thebeautyofyouthtotheliberationcauseoftheChinesenation,motherlandcavitybloodsprinkledontheground.ZhongJiaDUNbloodybattle,belongstoagroupofZhuXiforces,twomissions,ChenQi,ZhuJieminBrigadeBrigadesufferedheavycasualties.ChineseCommunistPartyMemberXu,XuQuansheng,headofthreeWangYulinandothersacrificesinthebattle.ZhongJiaDUNbattlecasualties,ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.ZhuXiforcesatthebattleofZhongJiaDUNsufferaseriousdefeat,but
以不同类型油墨印聚乙烯时，要求聚乙烯的表面能不低于如下:
溶剂型油墨38-42mN/m
UV油墨42-46mN/m
水溶性墨42-48mN/m
水基墨38-42mN/m
对聚乙烯上涂料时，要求聚乙烯的表面能不低于如下:
溶剂型胶38-42mN/m
UV涂料42-46mN/m
乳剂42-48mN/m
无溶剂胶粘剂44-48mN/m
二、可湿性和附着力的测试
family7beingkilledthere.ZhuXiforces,hundredsofpeoplewerekilledand19capturedfightersoftheirrespectiveCorpsYouthpioneers,openingofatemplebytheJapanesemilitaryinoceanathickwirethroughthePalmofeachhand,pulledalong,redwiththebloodoftheEarth.Thefaceoftheenemy'spower,captured19youngmenandwomen,nonehaveeverbeenintimidated,noyield.EscortoftheJapanesecaptain,keptshoutingvicious"ZhuXiforces,anenemyoftheImperialArmy,bigbad!
JapanhelpsyoubuildaneworderinEastAsia,yousee,aslongasyourepentandregret,infavourofJapan-Chinagoodwill,isoverkill."Enemyof18yearoldtwinsistersarehypocriticallysurnamedYaosaid:
"ouryouth,alotofthingsarewaitingforyou,howcanyouquicklyleavetheworld."Inthefaceofenemythreats,seduce,19soldiersdie,shouting:
"downwithJapanimperialism!
longlivethenation!
"Ictusoftimes,felltotheenemyunderthebutcher'sknife.He（she）fortheliberationoftheChinesenation,thebeautyofyouthtotheliberationcauseoftheChinesenation,motherlandcavitybloodsprinkledontheground.ZhongJiaDUNbloodybattle,belongstoagroupofZhuXiforces,twomissions,ChenQi,ZhuJieminBrigadeBrigadesufferedheavycasualties.ChineseCommunistPartyMemberXu,XuQuansheng,headofthreeWangYulinandothersacrificesinthebattle.ZhongJiaDUNbattlecasualties,ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.ZhuXiforcesatthebattleofZhongJiaDUNsufferaseriousdefeat,but
在工业性实践中，聚合物表面能的测定是通过测试油墨按照DINISO8296或ASTMD2578-99a来进行的。
按DINISO8296法，是以已知不同表面能的墨在拟测的薄膜上刷上约100mm长的墨条，并观察其90%以上的墨条边在2秒钟内是否发生收缩并形成墨滴，如有，则换低一级表面能的墨再刷墨条，进行同样的观察，直至不收缩和出现墨滴，此测试墨的表面能即相对应为该薄膜的表面能。
此种方法是测试表面能中间数值的方法，小出入不计。
按ASTMD2578-99a方法是以棉絮垫蘸测试墨涂出约25×25mm的方块，参照上述相同的方法进行观察，测得的是薄膜的最低表面能数值。
此种测试方法由于墨层厚薄均匀度难以掌握，其准确性不及DINISO8296法，DINISO8296的误差大约在?
1mN/m范围内，而ASTMD2578-99a的误差大约在?
2mN/m。
所以在工业实践中，多采用DINISO8296法，且更简易、快速。
（在我国有国家标准GB10003-88对电晕处理效果测试方法的规定，供参照。
译注）
但不论采用哪种方法，均可用同一种Softal测试墨，有30到72mN/m二十一种表面能级的测试墨（每种相差2mN/m）。
达因试笔（38mN/m）可以用作电晕处理后表面能的一种快速测试工具，但不family7beingkilledthere.ZhuXiforces,hundredsofpeoplewerekilledand19capturedfightersoftheirrespectiveCorpsYouthpioneers,openingofatemplebytheJapanesemilitaryinoceanathickwirethroughthePalmofeachhand,pulledalong,redwiththebloodoftheEarth.Thefaceoftheenemy'spower,captured19youngmenandwomen,nonehaveeverbeenintimidated,noyield.EscortoftheJapanesecaptain,keptshoutingvicious"ZhuXiforces,anenemyoftheImperialArmy,bigbad!
JapanhelpsyoubuildaneworderinEastAsia,yousee,aslongasyourepentandregret,infavourofJapan-Chinagoodwill,isoverkill."Enemyof18yearoldtwinsistersarehypocriticallysurnamedYaosaid:
"ouryouth,alotofthingsarewaitingforyou,howcanyouquicklyleavetheworld."Inthefaceofenemythreats,seduce,19soldiersdie,shouting:
"downwithJapanimperialism!
longlivethenation!
"Ictusoftimes,felltotheenemyunderthebutcher'sknife.He（she）fortheliberationoftheChinesenation,thebeautyofyouthtotheliberationcauseoftheChinesenation,motherlandcavitybloodsprinkledontheground.ZhongJiaDUNbloodybattle,belongstoagroupofZhuXiforces,twomissions,ChenQi,ZhuJieminBrigadeBrigadesufferedheavycasualties.ChineseCommunistPartyMemberXu,XuQuansheng,headofthreeWangYulinandothersacrificesinthebattle.ZhongJiaDUNbattlecasualties,ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.ZhuXiforcesatthebattleofZhongJiaDUNsufferaseriousdefeat,but
适合作为已印好或涂布好表面的系统测试。
当测试笔在电晕处理过的表面划出一条线，如果是连续成线的，说明该材料表面能不低于38mN/m，如断断续续不连成线，说明该材料表面能不到38mN/m，处理不足或甚至未处理，不符合印刷加工要求。
如果塑料薄膜内含大量添加剂或覆有涂膜，用以上测试墨或测试液测试时，往往会发生化学反应，影响准确性。
在这种情况下，宜以蒸馏水作接触角测试。
对漆料、涂料、油墨等的附着力作快速测定，可按照ASTMD3359-97作胶带粘拉测试。
三、电晕处理
电晕处理器由电极、高电位器及走卷导辊组成，当电压超过1-2mm的空气间隙的电离电阻时，就会产生连续放电，由于导辊上的电介质使放电获得均一的分散。
电极装在罩室内，以防接触。
为了降温及排除所产生的臭氧，用排气风扇把电晕处理器附近的空气往外吹散。
但为了不让臭氧向外排放，还须让排气先通过一个空气净化器。
电晕处理增加基材的附着性能是通过下列机理的:
?
移除表面上被吸收的原子和分子。
?
促进原子的接触，增进湿润。
family7beingkilledthere.ZhuXiforces,hundredsofpeoplewerekilledand19capturedfightersoftheirrespectiveCorpsYouthpioneers,openingofatemplebytheJapanesemilitaryinoceanathickwirethroughthePalmofeachhand,pulledalong,redwiththebloodoftheEarth.Thefaceoftheenemy'spower,captured19youngmenandwomen,nonehaveeverbeenintimidated,noyield.EscortoftheJapanesecaptain,keptshoutingvicious"ZhuXiforces,anenemyoftheImperialArmy,bigbad!
JapanhelpsyoubuildaneworderinEastAsia,yousee,aslongasyourepentandregret,infavourofJapan-Chinagoodwill,isoverkill."Enemyof18yearoldtwinsistersarehypocriticallysurnamedYaosaid:
"ouryouth,alotofthingsarewaitingforyou,howcanyouquicklyleavetheworld."Inthefaceofenemythreats,seduce,19soldiersdie,shouting:
"downwithJapanimperialism!
longlivethenation!
"Ictusoftimes,felltotheenemyunderthebutcher'sknife.He（she）fortheliberationoftheChinesenation,thebeautyofyouthtotheliberationcauseoftheChinesenation,motherlandcavitybloodsprinkledontheground.ZhongJiaDUNbloodybattle,belongstoagroupofZhuXiforces,twomissions,ChenQi,ZhuJieminBrigadeBrigadesufferedheavycasualties.ChineseCommunistPartyMemberXu,XuQuansheng,headofthreeWangYulinandothersacrificesinthebattle.ZhongJiaDUNbattlecasualties,ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.ZhuXiforc
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