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届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题24
梨树县(吉林)2016高考英语阅读理解(二轮)选编
(2)及参考答案
请阅读下列短文,从每篇短文后所给各题的A,B,C,D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Coffeeisapowerfulbeverage.Onapersonallevel,ithelpskeepUSawakeandactive.Onamuchbroaderlevel,ithashelpedshapeourhistoryandcontinuestoshapeourculture.
Coffeedidn’ttakeoffuntilthel400swhenpeoplefiguredouttheycouldroastitsseeds.Bythel500s,thedrinkhadspreadtocoffeehousesacrosstheArabworld.Withinanotherl50years,ittookEuropebystorm.
“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness,”historianMarkPendergrastsays.Coffeehousesbecameaspotnotjusttoenjoyacupbuttoexchangeideas.TheinsurerLloyd’sofLondonwasfoundedhundredsofyearsagoinoneofLondon’s2,000coffeehouses.Literature,newspapersandeventheworksofgreatcomposerslikeBachandBeethovenwerealsospawned(涌现)incoffeehouses.
ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773,whenAmericancolonistsattackedBritishteashipsandthrewboxesofteaintotheharbor,Americansuniversallyswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee.InaletterJohnAdamswrotetohiswife,Abigail,theFoundingFatherclaimshisloveofteabutsayshewillhavetolearntoembracecoffeeinstead,becausedrinkingteahadbecomeasymbolofnotlovingthecountry.
Foralltheupsidescoffeehasbroughtthemodernworld,italsoledtoitsfairshareofdownsides,too.Europeanscarriedcoffeewiththemastheycolonizedvariouspartsoftheworld,andthisfrequentlymeanttheyenslavedpeopleinordertogrowit.InBrazil—whereslaverywaslegaluntill888—coffeeplantationswoulduseslash-and-burnagriculture,tearingdownrainforestsandplantingcoffeetrees.Oncethesoilhadbeenexhausted,growerswouldmoveontoanotherplace.
Andyet,coffee,asPendergrastsays,”hadaverygoodimpactinmanywaysonourcivilization,eventhoughitwas,foralongtime,grownbyslaves.”
48.Whydidpeopleenjoygoingtocoffeehouses?
A.Becauseitwasafashiontodrinkcoffee.
B.Becausecoffeehousesprovidedabetterflavor.
C.Becausetheycouldstayawakeandactivethere.
D.Becausetheycouldexchangeideasthere.
49.Whatcanwelearnfromthefourthparagraph?
A.Americancolonistsmadegreatprofitsbytradingincoffee.
B.Teawasregardedasasymboloflovingone’scountry.
C.CoffeebecameverypopularaftertheincidentinBoston.
D.JohnAdamswastheFoundingFatheroftheTeaParty.
50.Inthefifthparagraph.thewriterpointsoutthat__________.
A.Coffeeplantationwascloselyconnectedwithslavery
B.coffeeplantationledtooutdatedagricultureinBrazil
C.slaveryinBrazilhadbeenagainstthelawuntill888
D.slaverywasresponsibleforthedamagetorainforests
51.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthispassage?
A.Someinterestingstoriesaboutcoffeeculture.
B.ImportantRolesthatcoffeeplayedinhistory.
C.Howcoffeebecamethemostpopularbeverage.
D.HowcoffeeaffectedAmerica’sindependence.
【参考答案】48—51、DCAB
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(TheAffectofElectricityonCancer)
Canelectricitycausecancer?
Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.
NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”
Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.
Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:
Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,titgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield,Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.
Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?
Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.
Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.
ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving“biasedtheentiredocument”towardprovingalink.“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.
1.Themainideaofthispassageis
[A].studiesonthecauseofcancer
.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer
[C].therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.
[D].differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.
2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis
[A].thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.
.electricityreallyaffectscancer.
[C].controversial.
[D].lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer
3.WhydidthePentagonandWhitHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?
Because
[A].itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.
.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.
[C].thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.
[D].theyhaddifferentarguments.
4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon
[A].theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.
.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.
[C].electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.
[D].onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.
5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?
[A].Theyareindifferent. .Theyareworriedverymuch.
[C].Themayexerciseprudentavoidance. [C].Theyareshocked.
Vocabulary
1. preposterous 反常的,十分荒谬的,乖戾的
2. leukemia 白血病
3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤
4. legitimate 合法的,合理的
5. paranoia 偏执狂,妄想狂。
这里指:
无根据的担心。
6. lymphoma 淋巴瘤
7. carcinogen 致癌物
8. minuscule 很小的,很不重要
9. consensus 舆论
10. wallop 乱窜,猛冲,冲击力
11. epidemiological 流行病学的
12. blistering 罗嗦的,胡扯的
13. critique 评论,批评
14. imprimatur 出版许可(官方审查后的),批准
难句译注
1. Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.
[参考译文] 由于这问题的证据还不是结论性的,而且常常是矛盾的,所以就难以断定有关电力对身体的影响的顾虑是合乎情理,还是毫无根据的怀疑。
2. EPA——U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency 美国环境保护署
3. Whilethereportfallsshort(缺乏,不够)ofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”
[参考译文] 虽然报告没有把极低频磁场归类为可能致癌物,但它确实指出通常60赫兹的磁场是“一种虽尚未证实,但可能导致人患癌症的因素。
”
4. Theevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirreda greatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse
[参考译文] 证据争议性仍然很大,所以报告草案在布什政府内引起巨大的争辩,而环保署无视无角大楼和白宫的强烈反对,公布了这份报告。
5. Thisisfarlessthanthe