课时9.docx
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课时9
人物传记
(2014·山东·阅读C) 体裁:
记叙文 词数:
270
ElizabethFreemanwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.Attheageofsixmonthsshewasacquired,alongwithhersister,byJohnAshley,awealthyMassachusettsslaveholder.Shebecameknownas“Mumbet”or“MumBett.”
Fornearly30yearsMumbetservedtheAshleyfamily.Oneday,Ashley’swifetriedtostrikeMumbet’ssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furious,sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn,Mumbetconsultedalawyer,TheodoreSedgewick.Withhishelp,Mumbetsued(起诉)forherfreedom.
WhileservingtheAshleys,MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettsconstitution.Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.Eventually,Mumbetwonherfreedom—thefirstslaveinMassachusettstodosounderthenewconstitution.
Strangelyenough,afterthetrial,theAshleysaskedMumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee.ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.Mumbetdiedin1829,butherlegacylivedoninhermanydescendants(后裔).OneofhergreatgrandchildrenwasW.E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersoftheNAACP,andanimportantwriterandspokespersonforAfricanAmericancivilrights.
Mumbet’stombstonestillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshewasburied.Itreads,inpart:
“Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.”
51.WhatdoweknowaboutMumbetaccordingtoParagraph1?
A.Shewasbornaslave.
B.Shewasaslaveholder.
C.Shehadafamoussister.
D.Shewasbornintoarichfamily.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句可知Mumbet(即ElizabethFreeman)大约在1742年出生在一个非裔美国人家庭,她的父母都是奴隶,所以Mumbet生来就是奴隶,故A项正确。
B项和D项中的She应改为JohnAshley,他是个奴隶主,而且他的家庭很富有;第一段中未提到Mumbet的妹妹很出名,故C项错误。
52.WhydidMumbetrunawayfromtheAshleys?
A.Shefoundanemployer.
B.Shewantedtobealawyer.
C.Shewashitandgotangry.
D.Shehadtotakecareofhersister.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段第二、三、四句尤其是其中的关键词strike,protected,tooktheblow(挨打),Furious(暴怒的),leftthehouse等可知,Mumbet因保护妹妹而挨打,一气之下离开了Ashley的家。
53.WhatdidMumbetlearnfromdiscussionsaboutthenewconstitution?
A.Sheshouldalwaysobeyherowners’orders.
B.Sheshouldbeasfreeandequalaswhites.
C.Howtobeagoodservant.
D.Howtoapplyforajob.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
第三段第二句提到“当Mumbet听到宪法中说所有人都是自由和平等的时,她就认为这一条规定也应该适用于她”。
由此可推知她认为自己应该跟白人一样自由和平等。
A项和C项明显错误;D项在文中未提及。
54.WhatdidMumbetdoafterthetrial?
A.Shechosetoworkforalawyer.
B.ShefoundedtheNAACP.
C.ShecontinuedtoservetheAshleys.
D.Shewenttolivewithhergrandchildren.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段第二句“ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.”可知,Mumbet根本没有回到Ashley的家,而是为Sedgewick律师做事,即Mumbet选择了为一名律师工作。
55.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Astoryofafamouswriterandspokesperson.
B.Thefriendshipbetweenalawyerandaslave.
C.ThelifeofabraveAfricanAmericanwoman.
D.Atrialthatshockedthewholeworld.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。
纵观全文可知,本文从Mumbet出生到成长一直到年老和去世,详细介绍了她的生平事迹,故C项合适。
A项提到的著名作家和发言人只是在倒数第二段中提到,而且该人指的并不是本文的主人公Mumbet本人;B项和D项太片面,而非主要内容。
信息句和长难句分析:
1.(53题信息句)Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.
分析:
本句是复合句,if引导条件状语从句,在条件状语从句中that引导宾语从句;主句中itshouldapplytoher是宾语从句,省略了连接词that。
2.WhileservingtheAshleys,MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettsconstitution.
分析:
本句中,WhileservingtheAshley为“while+现在分词短语”作状语,Whileserving是Whileshewasserving的省略。
主旨大意题
(一)概括文章大意
(1)做概括文章大意题时,有效的方法就是辨认主题句。
主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点,文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。
若文章无主题句,这需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳,从而概括出文章大意。
(2)在选择答案时,根据自己总结的大意,就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
如上文中的第55题就属于此类题目。
文章主要讲了ElizabethFreeman为平等自由而战的一生,故C项为正确答案。
即时训练
We’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:
hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票贩子),orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).
Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.
Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.
Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwa