员工激励外文翻译.docx
《员工激励外文翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《员工激励外文翻译.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![员工激励外文翻译.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-11/16/a3d90632-06ee-4a99-9d17-39e2097dbfe0/a3d90632-06ee-4a99-9d17-39e2097dbfe01.gif)
员工激励外文翻译
附录A
Title:
Meetingemployeeerequirements:
Maslow'shierarchyofneedsisstillareliableguidetomotivatingstaff.
MaterialSource:
IndustrialEngineerOct2011Author:
SADRI,GOLNAZBOWEN,R.CLARKE.
Motivationrelatestoarangeofpsychologicalprocessesthatguideanindividualtowardagoalandcausethatpersontokeeppursuingthatgoal.Motivationoftenisdescribedintermsofdirection(thechoiceofoneactivityoveranother),intensity(howhardanemployeetries)andpersistence(howlonganemployeecontinueswithabehavior,eveninthefaceofobstaclesoradversecircumstances).Motivatedemployeesworkharder,producehigherqualityandgreaterquantitiesofwork,aremorelikelytoengageinorganizationalcitizenshipbehaviors,andarelesslikelytoleavetheorganizationinsearchofmorefulfillingopportunities.
Competitionbycompaniestoattractthemosttalentedindividualshasgivenemployeesthepowertodemandmorethanjustareasonablewageorsalary,andthereisevidencethatcompaniesarestartingtolisten.Arecentsurveyshowedthatsalaryhadonlya20percentimpactonjobsatisfaction.Employeesneedarangeofmotivatorsinordertoremainengagedintheirwork.Inresponsetothisdemand,employersarelookingathowtosatisfytheiremployeesonbothanextrinsic,financiallevelaswellasanintrinsic,psychologicallevel.
ResearchconductedbytheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute(EBRI)foundthatin2004,92percentofemployerspendingfortotalcompensationwasonwagesandsalaries;however,thefollowingyearspendingonwagesfellto81percent.Inbalancingmonetary(extrinsic)andnonmonetary(intrinsic)incentives,companiesusediversemotivatorsrangingfromcompetitivemonetarycompensationandhealthinsurancepackagestoconciergeservicesandnaptimes.Thecontinuousendeavoristobecreativeindesigningabenefitspackagethatattractsandretainsqualityemployees.
ThetheoryofMaslow’shierarchyofneedscanbeusedasaframeworktoidentifythevariousbenefitsorganizationscanoffertosatisfytheiremployees’needsand,inturn,increaserevenuesandreduceexpenses.PsychologyprofessorAbrahamMaslow’stheory,proposedin1943,identifiesthefivebasichumanneedsthatunderlieallhumanactivity.
Fundamentalbehavior
Maslow’shierarchyofneedsisoneofthefundamentaltheoriesofpersonalmotivation.Thetheorycanhelporganizationsdesignprogramstomotivatetheiremployees,retainemployeeloyalty,reduceturnover,recruitqualityindividualsandultimatelyincreaseproductivityandnetincome.A.KinickiandR.Kreitner,intheirbookOrganizationalBehavior,identifyanddefinethefivebasichumanneedsthatcompriseMaslow’shierarchy.Thefivehumanneeds,presentedinhierarchicalorderfromthemostbasictothemostadvanced,arephysiological,safety,love/belonging,esteemandself-actualization.
AccordingtoMaslow,eachneedhastobesatisfiedsubstantiallyinorderforanindividualtoprogresstothenextlevel.Managersareabletomotivatetheiremployeesbyprovidingrewardsthathelpsatisfytheneedthatisoperationalandprevalentatanypointintime.Onceaneedhasbeensatisfiedsubstantially,itceasestobeamotivator.Then,employeesmovetothenextlevelintheneedhierarchyandworkonsatisfyingthoseneeds.
1.Physiologicalneeds
Maslowdefinedthephysiologicalneedasthemostbasic.Itincludestheneedforfood,air,waterandshelteraswellastheneedtobeactive,torestandtosleep.Themostobviousmotivationaliteminthiscategoryismonetarycompensation,whichincludeswagesandsalaries,bonuses,stockoptionsandretirementplans.Wagesandsalariesmakeupabout80percentofwhatcompaniesspendtocompensatetheiremployees.Manyindividualswouldlistsalaryasoneofthemostimportantfactorswhenconsideringajob.Moneyisavitalpartofemployees’rewardpackagesandhelpsfulfillthebulkoftheirphysiologicalneeds.Food,clothingandaplacetolivecanbeobtainedwiththewageorsalaryapersonearns.
Providingacomfortableworkenvironmentalsohelpssatisfyphysiologicalneeds.Cleanandfreshairtobreatheandanergonomicworkspace,keyboardandmousecanhelpemployeesperformwithoutdistractionandkeepthemmotivated.Otherbenefitsofferedtosatisfyemployees’physiologicalneedsarefreeorsubsidizedcafeterias,regularbreaktimesandbreakroomsstockedwithdrinksandfood.
Manycompaniesprovidefreefoodfortheiremployeessothattheyaresatisfiedonthislevelandabletoengagemorefullyintheirworkplaceactivities.Forexample,A.LashinskyinFortunedescribesGoogle’s11gourmetcafeteriasatitsMountainView,Calif.,headquarterswhereemployeescaneatforfree.Otherfree(andsubsidized)perksthatcompaniesprovideincludecarwashes,laundryanddrycleaningfacilities,onsitegyms,exer