新课标高二英语暑假作业3.docx

新课标高二英语暑假作业3.docx

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新课标高二英语暑假作业3

新课标2015年高二英语暑假作业3

（满分100分）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive. 

Socialscientistsareofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehavior.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“natureandnurture”．

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts（本能）．

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehavior. 

Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesarefar-reaching.IntheUS，forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhites.Behaviorists,onthecontrary,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain. 

【小题1】Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith________.

A.relationbetweenpersonalityandbehavior

B.relationbetweenbehaviorandenvironment

C.differentaccountsofpatternsofhumanbehavior

D.differenttheoriesoftheformationofhumanbehavior 

【小题2】Theunderlinedword“proponents”inParagraph2means________.

A.creators               B.advisors               C.advocates                D.judges 

【小题3】InParagraph5,theauthormainlywritesabout________.

A.theconsiderableinfluenceofthetwotheories

B.differencesbetweentheblacksandwhites

C.racialdiscriminationintheUnitedStates

D.differentrespondstointelligencetests 

【小题4】What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Tocallourattentiontothechangesofhumanbehavior.

B.Tourgescientiststodomoreresearchinsocialscience.

C.Togiveusadetailedexplanationofhumanbehavior.

D.Topresentanargumentinthefieldofsocialscience.

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Procrastination（拖延）isaphenomenonwearefamiliarwith.Whenweprocrastinate,wewasteourfreetimeandputoffimportanttasksweshoulddotillit’stoolate.  1  Here,Iwillsharesomepersonalstepstakentoovercomeprocrastinationwithgreatsuccess.

Breakyourworkdownintolittleparts.Partofthereasonwhyweprocrastinateisthatwefindtheworktoooverwhelming（巨大的）forus.Breakitdownintolittleparts,andthenfocusononepartatatime.Ifyoustillprocrastinateafterdoingso,breakitdownevenfurther.  2 

Changeyourenvironment.Lookatyourworkdeskandyourroom.Dotheymakeyouwanttoworkordotheymakeyousleepy?

  3  

Createadetailedtimelinewithspecificdeadlines.Havingjustonedeadlineforyourworkislikeaninvitationtoprocrastinate.That’sbecausewewouldgettheimpressionthatwehavetimeandkeeppushingeverythingbackuntilit’stoolate.  4 Inthisway,youknowyouhavetofinisheachtaskbyacertaindate.

  5  I’mprettysureifyouspendjust10minutestalkingtopeoplelikeSteveJobsorBillGates,you’llbemoreinspiredtoactthanifyouspendthe10minutesdoingnothing.Thepeoplewearewithinfluenceourbehavior.

A.Soon,yourtaskwillbesosimplethatyouwillbethinkingyoucandoitnow.

B.Seekoutsomeonewhohasalreadyachievedthe