定语从句难点突破DOC.docx
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定语从句难点突破DOC
———定语从句难点突破
定语从句是学生解题的难点，下面就定语从句的难点进行归纳总结，从而让学生深刻地领悟理解定语从句，进而掌握解题技巧。
1.先判断先行词是人还是物。
2.确定关系代词或关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中充当何种句子成分。
3.还原定语从句，检验先行词在定语从句充当的成分。
在处理综合试卷的过程中，遇到这样的一道题：
Hedidn’tputthethings____theybelonged,for＿＿reasonhegothispunishment.（D）
A.which;thatB.what;this
C.that;whoseD.where;which
学生答错率较高。
“他没有把那些东西放回到他们本该在（原来）的地方，为此他受到了惩罚。
”第一空语境分析，东西应放在什么地方。
Where引导状语从句时意为“在…的地方”；结构分析，belong为不及物动词，常用固定搭配belongto。
Theybelonged句从结构上说选出的词只能用来做状语；如句子为theybelongedto则要补足宾语。
第二空reason前的限定词为that/this，故应用which来连接相当于andforthis/thatreason。
类似的用法有inwhichcase、duringwhichtime相当于andinthat/thiscase、duringthattime。
1.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,____hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents'Union.（05重庆）A
A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime
2.Theystayedwithmefortwoweeks,_______theydrankallthebeerihad.C
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich
3.Imayhavetoworklate,inwhichcaseI’lltelephone.C
A.inwhosecaseB.inwhichC.inwhichcaseD.inthatcase
一、Such…that引导的状语从句与such…as引导的定语从句的区别：
Such…that引导的状语从句，that引导的是一个完整的句子；而such…as引导的定语从句，as在定语从句中充当句子成分。
如：
Hisplanwassuchagoodone_______weallagreedtoaccept.中，应用as，因为weallagreedtoaccept缺少宾语，完整的句子为weallagreedtoacceptit.如为Hisplanwassuchagoodone_______weallagreedtoacceptit,则应用that,因为weallagreedtoacceptit是一个完整的句子。
1.Idon'tlikesuchbooks____herecommended.A
A.asB.thatC.soD.afterwhich
2.Mr.Smithis_________agoodteacher_________weallrespecthim.A
A.such,thatB.such,asC.so,thatD.so,as
3.Suchabook___youlentmeistoodifficulttounderstand.C
A.thatB.whichC.asD.like
二、一些特殊的先行词如situation,point,case,activity，scene及period,festival,occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析。
这些词基本上都是表示时间、地点的词，做具体题目时，要判断他们在定语从句充当的成分来决定关联词。
主语、宾语和表语用that/which，状语用where/when/介词+which。
如：
Thereisonepoint______wemustinsiston.
We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
第一句定语从句可还原为：
wemustinsistonthepoint,所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或省略。
第二句定语从句可还原为：
atthepointbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk,故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where/介词+which。
1.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity______sightmattersmorethanhearing.（D）
A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where
2.Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscan’tbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations____appearintheworkingworld.C
A.WhereB.whenC.thatD.what
3.（08上海卷’38）Wewentthroughaperiod______communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.C
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
4.（08山东卷’26）Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.D
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
5.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.（2001上海）A
A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why
6.Icanthinkofmanycases____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.（2003上海卷）D
A.whyB.whichC.asD.where
7.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_____peoplewereeatenbythetiger.（05广东）A
A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that
8.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（山东卷）A
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
9.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?
---Yes，there’sonepoint______wemustinsiston．（江西卷）D
A．whyB．whereC．howD．/
10.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.2007年江西卷D
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
三、先行词为地点、时间及reason和way的定语从句。
表示时间、地点先行词以及先行词为reason、way在定语从句中作状语时，相应的用:
表示时间的先行词：
when/介词+which；表示地点的先行词：
where/介词+which；reason为先行词：
why/forwhich/that/…/;way为先行词：
inwhich/that/…/但解题关键要判断先行词在定语从句中作状语还是作主语、宾语和表语。
作状语，则适用上面得语法规则，如作主语、宾语和表语，则仍需用that/which（作宾语that/which可省略）。
Thisisthereason____hegaveme.
Thisisthereason____hedidn’tcometoschooltoday.
第一句定语从句可还原为：
hegavemethereason,先行词reason在定语从句中作宾语，故关系词用that/which或省略；第二句定语从句可还原为：
forthereasonhedidn’tcometoschooltoday,故关系词用why/forwhich/that或省略。
1.Theplace____Ivisitedlastsummerisjusttheplace____Ispentmychildhood.B
A.that;thatB.that;where
C.where;whereD.where;that
2.Isthereadepartmentstorearound____Icangetabirthdaypresentformybrother?
B
A.WhichB.whereC.onwhichD.that
3.Isthisthehouse_____Shakespearewasborn?
（1988全国）C
A.atwhereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich
4.Isthisthereason＿＿atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
（2002上海春）A
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
5.Theplace______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe______thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（05江苏）C
A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich
6.Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.（06上海）C
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what
四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。
它们的常见结构有：
（1）.介词+which/whom
Thisisthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
（2）.名词+of+which/whom
Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.
（3）.数词+of+which/whom
She’sgotthreeluckypens,twoofwhichsheneveruses.
（4）.代词+of+which/whom
InthebasketIfindmanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
（5）.最高级+of+which/whom
Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.
介词的选择根据介词与定语从句中动词的搭配关系；根据介词与前面的名词先行词的搭配关系；同时考虑与动词和名词的搭配关系。
1.John,______moneyisnoproblem,stillleadsasimplelife.（D）
A.forwhoseB.ofwhoseC.ofwhomD.forwhom
2.（08上海春卷’38）37.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry，_________therewon’tbemuchworkD
A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich
3.（08湖南卷’31）Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.B
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
4.（08陕西卷’13）Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.D
A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich
5.（08福建卷’31）Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.D
A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich
6.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof___hadn‘tbeencleanedforatleastayear.（1990全国）D
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
7.nthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.（1992全国）D
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
8.Thegentleman_______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.（2000上海春）B
A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom
9.Therearetwobuildings,______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.（04湖北）D
A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofwhich
10.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%＿＿aresoldabroad.（04辽宁）A
A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．ofthat
11.Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.（04北京春招）D
12.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which
13.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge.（05山东）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis
14.Ihavemanyfriends,______somearebusinessmen.（05全国
）D
A．ofthemB．fromwhichC．whoofD．ofwhom
15.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.（05江西）C
A．inthatB．forthatC．inwhichD．forwhich
16.--whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
（05北京）
---Thereisnooneelse______,isthere?
B
A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn
17.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.（浙江卷）B
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
18.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.（陕西卷）A
A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat
19.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous._____wegavesomebellsandglasses.（湖南卷）B
A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich
20.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.2007年山东卷D
A．whenB．duringwhichC．sincethenD．sincewhen
21.Itisreportedthattwoschools，_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown，willopennextyear.2007年四川卷D
A．theybothB．whichbothC．bothofthemD．bothofwhich
22.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy2007年北京卷D
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom
23.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.2007年安徽卷D
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
24.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.2008年陕西卷D
A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsof
C.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich
五、As与which引导的非限制定语从句的区别。
（1）.As引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
（2）.As引导的非限制性定语从句常与主句意义一致，常译为“正如”、“就像”；which引导的非限制性定语从句常与主句有因果关系。
（3）.As常与一些词连用形成的定语从句，已形成了固定的说法，如：
Asisknowntoall;ashasbeensaidbefore;asisoftenthecase;asoftenhappens,ashasbeenpointedout等。
1.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿＿personallyIdoubtverymuch.（1999全国）D
A.itB.thatC.whenD.which
2.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,______cameasasurprise.（1991全国）C
A.itB.thatC.whichD.he
3.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_______peopleexpected.（2000上海春）B
A.likeB.asC.thatD.which
4.___hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveour
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