定语从句考点难点.docx

定语从句考点难点.docx

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定语从句考点难点

定语从句（AttributiveClauses）

（一）：

在复合句中修饰，限定名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出

1定义

1）复合句：

含有主句和从句的句子

根据从句在复合句中充当的成分不同，而分为：

主语从句，宾语从句等等。

因此在复合句中充当定语的句子就叫做定语从句。

2）定语：

用来限定、修饰名词或代词，译成“……的”。

常由形容词充当。

此外，名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

Anaughtyboy（adj）前置定语

Apencilbox（n）前置定语

Myname（pron）前置定语

Peoplehere（adv）后置定语

Agirlinred（介词短语）后置定语

ThisisthecolorthatIlike.（句子）后置定语

2先行词与关系词

1）先行词：

被定语从句修饰，限定的名词或代词

2）关系词常有2个作用：

①连接作用，引导定语从句。

　　②代替先行词，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

3）关系词分为关系代词和关系副词

关系代词：

which.that,who,whom.whose

先行词

在句中当主语

在句中当宾语

在句中当定语

指人

Who/that

Who/whom/that

（可省略）

whose

指物

Which/that

Which/that

（可省略）

whose

Thetallmanwho/thatisplayingthebasketballisYaoMing.（主语）

Heistheboy（who/whom/that）Imetyesterday.（宾语）

Iboughtthebookwhich/thatisonthedesk.（主语）

Thisisthebook（which/that）Ilike.（宾语）

Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.（定语）

Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（定语）

=Iliveinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.

**Eg:

Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?

关系副词：

where,when,why

在从句中作地点状语（where）时间状语（when），原因状语（why，先行词只有reason）。

ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.（地点状语）

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.（时间状语）

Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.（原因状语，）

关系副词=介词+关系代词　　

why=forwhich　　where=in/at/on…which（根据介词同先行词搭配）　　

when=during/on/in/……which（根据介词同先行词搭配）

ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.（地点状语）

=ThehouseinwhichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.（时间状语）

=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametotheschool.

Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.（原因状语，）

=Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichhelooksunhappytoday.

3关系代词和关系副词的选用：

根据先行词在定语从句中充当的成分确定：

当主语，宾语，定语用关系代词，当状语则用关系副词。

（把先行词放在定语从句中，能组成完整的句子，就用关系代词，如需加介词则用关系副词）

ThisisthefactorywhereIwork.

Thisisthefactory（that/which）Ivisitedtheotherday.

4限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：

区别1）

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；常译成“。

。

的”

非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，常译成一个句子。

它与主句之间通常用逗号分开

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.

这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。

（非限制性）

区别2）关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句

区别3）**非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句,

Youalwaysworkhard，whicheveryoneknows．你一向勤奋学习，这个大家都知道。

Bambooishollow，whichmakesitverylight．竹子是空的，这就使得它很轻。

区别4）句意不一样

Theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.

那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。

（老人只有一个儿子）

Theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy.

那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。

（可能老人还有别的儿子）

5先行词在定语从句中做主语时，决定定语从句的谓语动词的单复数形式：

Ilostthewatchwhich______（be）madeinSwiss.

Heisoneofthemostfamousscientistswho__________（work）inChina.

Heistheonlyoneofthemostfamousscientistswho________（work）inChina.

6做题技巧：

找出主句----确定先行词---把先行词放进定语从句中，分析它充当的成分。

练习：

1Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?

Ilikethemovies______areaboutChinesehistory.

AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich

2DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?

No,Iprefersongs_____loud.

AthatisBwhichisCthatareDwhatare

3Theywanttodevelopakindofdog-friendlyfood______willhelpdogownerscooldown

theirpets.

AwhoBwhatCwhichDwhether

4Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_______hassurprisedusall.

AthatBwhereCwhichDwho

5Theprizewillgotothewriter_______storyshowsthemostimagination.

AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhich

用关系词填空：

Thisisthefilm______BruceLeestarredin.

Doyouknowthisperson________inventedthemachine?

Thevillage___________weusedtoliveinisveryfarfromhere.

Thevillage___________weusedtoliveisveryfarfromhere.

Iwillneverforgetthedays______________wespentonthatsmallisland.

Iwillneverforgetthedays_______________welivedonthatsmallisland.

Thereason_____________hefailedintheexamswasthathewastoocareless.

Thereason_____________hegaveusisreasonable.

Thehouse_______________windowsweredamagedhasbeenrepaired.

Thehousethewindowsof______weredamagedhasbeenrepaired.

定语从句

（二）

关系代词that与which

先行词指物时，只用that的情况：

1当先行词是不定代词：

all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none,

theone时

Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?

2先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,very等词修饰时

ThisistheverybookthatI’lookingfor.

Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.

3当先行词是形容词最高级/序数词或它的前面有形容词最高级/序数词修饰时

Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.

WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?

ThetrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.

4当先行词就有人又有物时

Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

5当主句的主语是which时

Whichisbikethatyoulost?

6有俩个定语从句，一个关系代词用which,另一个就用that

Theysecretlybuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.

7当先行词在主句和从句中都做表语时

Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.

只用which的情况：

1非限制性定语从句

Hehadfailedthemathexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.

2关系代词前有介词时

Thatisthehouseinwhichheusedtolive.

3先行词本身是that或those时

What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?

4先行词后有插入语时

Hereisthebookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

练习：

1）

Isthereanyquestion_______troublesyoumuch?

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what

Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom

Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.

A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswritten

B.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewritten

Hewrotealettertometotellmeeverything______hesawonthewaytotheParis.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where

Youshouldhandinall_______youhave.

Wehaven’tgotmuch_______canofferyou.

Isthisschooltheone__________wearegoingtovisittomorrow?

Isthereanything___________youwanttobuy?

Theonlything___________wecandoistogiveyousomemoney.

Therearenochildren_________don’tlovetheirparents.

Thisisall__________Iknowabouttheaccident.

Heistheonlyman__________Icanfindforthework.

Youmustwatcheverythingcarefully__________theteacherdoesinclass.

Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.

Thelastplace__________wevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm.

Thisistheverybook__________Iwanttoborrow.

Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople__________hehadvisited.

ThefirstEnglishnovel__________IreadwasGoneWithWind.

2）

TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.

AthisBthatCwhatDwhich

Isawadeskon__________therewasabook.

AitBthatCwhatDwhich

That_______ismosthighlyvaluedinthetribeiscourage.

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.（2004年辽宁卷,）A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat

关系代词who与that

当先行词指人时，只用who的情况：

1当先行词是one,ones,anyone,someone,those,no,all,nobody,none,he,they,person,people等时

Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.

2当先行词后有较长后置定语时

ImetaforeignstudentfromBeijingUniversitywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.

3一个复合句中有俩个定语从句，一个用that,另一个则宜用who

Theboythatyoumetattheschoolgateyesterdaymorningisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard.

3therebe句型中的定语从句

Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsttheplan.

4非限制性定语从句中

Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.

只用“that”的情况

1.当关系代词在主句和从句中都作表语

Sheisnotthewomanthatsheusedtobe.她已经不是过去的她了。

2.主句是who开头的句子，为了避免重复。

Whoisthegirlthatoftencomestoschoolearly?

常常早到校的那个女孩是谁？

3.当先行词前面有指示代词same时，要用that。

Heisthesamepersonthatkilledthatwoman.他就是杀害那位妇女的人。

4.当先行词既有人，又有物时。

Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.

练习：

1）

Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_________,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.

AwhichBwhoCwhereDwhom

Ateacherissomeone______helpsustolearn.

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

He______hasnotreachedtheGreatWallisn'tatrueman.

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

All________hadseenthisfilmweremoved.

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

Those_______areformyplan,pleaseputupyourhands.

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

Persons_______arequarrelsomearedespised.好争者被轻视。

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

2）

Thatisthesamewoman________spokeatthemeetingyesterday.

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

Hewaswatchingthechildrenandparcels________filledthecar.

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

Whowastheman_________youdancedwithlastnight?

AthatBwhoCwhomDwhich

介词+关系代词结构

1在介词+关系代词中，只用whom（先行词指人），which（先行词指物）,且不能省略。

Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.

TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.

2动词短语中的介词不能拆开，放在关系代词前

（如：

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof，payattentionto等）

Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.（T）

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（F）

3“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

Inthebaskettherearemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

5介词的选择三原则：

一先二动三句意

一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。

IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.