重难点突破17定语从句中考英语语法复习重难点释疑与突破.docx
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重难点突破17定语从句中考英语语法复习重难点释疑与突破
中考英语总复习语法重难点释疑与突破17
定语从句
【重难点释疑】
定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。
它由关系代词或关系副词引导
1、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后,而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。
如:
Themanwho/thatIsawattheschoolgateyesterdayismyEnglishteacher.
先行词 定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
2、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂,有先行词、关系代词或关系副词
1)被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。
限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系
2)关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。
关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词在句中作状语。
如:
Iamwaitingfortheboywho/thatiswearingaredcoat.(主语)
先行词关系代词
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
Thedictionarythat/whichmysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.(宾语)
先行词 关系代词
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
ThewomanishismotherwhosenameisLindaBrown.(定语)
先行词 关系代词
那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达·布朗。
Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.(状语)
先行词关系副词
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
3、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法
1)who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。
如:
YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosthisway.(主语)
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
MrWangistheman(who/that/whom)youmetinthezoothismorning.(宾语)
王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意:
关系代词who指人,作宾语时,可用whom代替;作宾语时,关系代词可省略。
作其它成分,关系代词则不能省略。
2)whose指人,也可指物。
在定语从句中作定语。
如:
Theboywhosemotherisillisstayingathometolookafterhertoday.
其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
Ihaveastorybookwhosecoverisred.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3)which指物(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。
如:
Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.(主语)
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
Idon’tbelievethenewswhich/thatTomwonthegame.(宾语)
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
4、关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。
如:
ThatistheplaceinwhichIlivedforfiveyears.
=Thatistheplacewhich/thatIlivedinforfiveyears.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
MrZhangisthemanforwhomIamlooking.
=MrZhangisthemanwho/whom/thatIamlookingfor.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
5、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题
1)先行词是地点时,如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用that或which。
如:
Theschoolthat/whichIusedtostudyinisbecomingbetterandbetter.
(theschool作了介词in的宾语。
)
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时,如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用where.如:
Theplacewheretheaccidenthappenedisn’tfarfromourschool.
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词,它不跟宾语,而theaccident又作了定语从句的主语,因此该定语从句既不需要主语,也不需要宾语。
)
2)只用that,不用which的情况
(1)前有序数词修饰时。
如:
ThisisthetenthgiftthatIreceivedformybirthday.这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
(2)前有形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
ThatisthemostexcitinggamethatIhaveeverwatched.那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
(3)先行词是all,little,few,something,anything,everything等不定代词时。
如:
Allthathetoldmeistrue.他告诉我的一切是真实的。
(4)先行词被theonly修饰时。
如:
TheonlythingthatIcangetisapen.我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。
(5)先行词既指人,又指物时。
如:
Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatwewereinterestedin.
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3)只用which,不用that的情况
(1)定语从句是物时,定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。
如:
Thethingaboutwhichtheteacheristalkingisveryimportant.
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
(2)先行词本身是that,those时,如:
What’sthatwhichisflyinginthesky?
在天空中飞的那是什么?
总之,我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚,帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句,帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达,为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的基础。
【重难点突破】
1.MrSmith,thereisyoungmanwouldliketospeakwithyouintheoffice.
A.whoB.whatC.whomD.she
2.ThevillageIvisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.
A.whoB.thatC.when
3.Carlacan’tstandtheboy___oftenplaysjokesonherinfrontofthewholeclass.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom
4.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.ofwhom
5.Theteacher_________Ilikebestoftenencouragesme_________mydream.
A.who;fightforB.that;tofightforC.which;tofightforD.which;fightfor
6.–Thefactory____we’llvisitnextweekisn’tfarfromhere.
_Yeah.Wecandrivethecar____colorisredthere.
A.where,itsB.towhich,it’s
C.inwhich,whichD.which,whose
7.Thegirl________fatherisapolicemanismybestfriend.
A.thatB.herC.whichD.whose
8.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage________hevisitedfiveyearsago.
A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whom
9.—Whydon'tyoulikefishing?
—Fishingisahobby____needsmuchpatience,butI'mnotpatientatall.
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.Where
10.Wewillneverforgettheheroes_______losttheirliveswhilefightingaforestfire.
A.whenB.whoC.why
11.YaoMingisafamousbasketballstar_______isplayingintheNBA.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD./
12.---HaveyouheardoftheZhengzhou-Xi’anpassengerDedicatedLine___canshorten5hours’traveltimebetweenthetwocities?
---Ofcourse.
A.whereB.whenCwhichD.who
13.Womendrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosedon't.
A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填
14.—Whodoyouwanttotalkwithattheendofthespeech?
—Theman_________MrWhite.
A.theycallB.calledhimselfC.callshimselfD.iscalled
15..---Whatdoyouthinkofthem?
---Ilikethefirstgirl______wearsablueskirt.Shedid______ofall.
A.which,wellB.who,betterC.that,best
16.Thestudentslovetheteachers______________canmaketheirlessonsfunnyandeasy.
A.whomB.whichC.who
17.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionary__________myfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoissovaluable.
A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that
18.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.
A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that
19.Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.
A.whenB.whoC.which
20.Ilovetheplacestheweatherisnothot.
A.whichB.whoC.where
21.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionarymyfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreathelp.
A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.when
22.---IhearthatLily’sbrotherisaworkerhere.
---Look!
Themanisworkingoverthereisherbrother.
A.whoB./C.whatD.which
23.It’sthekindofthemusic______youcandanceto.
A.thatB.whoC.whatD.when
24.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandthepersons________werememberedintheschooltogether.
A.thatB.whoC.whichD.what
25.Agoodfriendissomeone________makesyouhappy.
A.whichB.whoC.whom
26.Howtimeflies!
We’releavingschool.I’llneverforgetthedays_____wehavespenttogether.
A.whoB.thatC.whenD.where
27.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage______hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that
28.Beingblindissomething____mostpeoplecan'timagine.
A./B.whatC.whoD.which
29.—DoyouknowsomethingaboutLiuYang?
—Yes,LiuYang_______comesfromHenanProvinceisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom
30.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
31.---Haveyoufoundtheinformationyoucanuseforyourreport?
---Yes.
A.whoB.whereC.whatD.which
32.Isthatthegirlwith______youdiscussedtheproblemyesterdayafternoon
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.which
33.Peopleoftenlikeclothescanmakethemcomfortable.
A.whenB.whoC.thatD.where
34.IwillneverforgetthethreeyearsIspentwithmyclassmatesandteachersinthemiddleschool.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.where
35.Ilikethemusic_____Icandance_______.
A.what;withB.which;toC.who;toD.which;with`
36.Therockbandisgoingonaworldtourin______theywillperformindifferentcities.
A.thatB.whichC.whomD.where
37.Mr.Brownisateacherisstrictwithallisstudents.
A.whichB.whoC.where
38.﹣Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReaders,onCCTV?
﹣Sure.It'sagreatTVprogrampurposeistobringthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whose
39.Yesterday,Mr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhouse____hewasbornin.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
40.–DoyouliketheweeklytalkshowTheReadersonCCTV?
–Sure.It’sagreatTVprogramcandevelopthehabitofreading.
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whose
41.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinHangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestLake.
A.whatB.whoC.thatD./
42.Isthismuseum___________hewishestovisit?
A.theoneB.whichC.towhichD.tothat
43.Theskirt____sheiswearingtodaywasabirthdaypresentfromhermother.
A.thisB.whoseC.whatD.that
44.Wepreferthesongsthat_______greatlyrics.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
45.Pleasebringthedictionary______Ilentyoulastweek.
A.whichB.itC.whoD.what
46.Haveyoureadthebook________isaboutthemoon?
A.whatB.it
C./D.which
47.Accordingtothesurvey,women________drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethan________whodon’t.
A.who;thatB.
/;these
C.who;thoseD./;/
48.—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?
—Sure.It'sagreatTVprogramme__________bringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic
A.whoB.thatC.what
49.Haseverything_____canbedone______?
A.what;doneB.that;beendone
C.that;alreadydoneD.what;alreadybeingdone
50.Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacher________happenedinourschoollastweek.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.what
51.MyfavoritecityisGuilin________isfamousforit'sbeautifulscenery(风景).
A.whereB.whatC.whichD.who
52.SomeinterestingTVshowslotsoffamousstarsperformedattractedlotsofyoung
people.
A.onwhichB.thatC.whichD.inwhich
53.DoyouknowNelsonMandela,_______wasthefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfrica.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose
54.—Doyouknowtheman________isrunningalongthestreet?
—Yes,heisourEnglishteacher.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose
55.Itwasattheverybeginning____Mr.Smithmadeadecision___weshouldsendforadoctor.
A.what,thatB.that,which
C.which,thatD.that,that
56.Thisi