mold.docx
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mold
1、A.MoldComponets
Moldsusedininjectionmoldingconsistoftwohalves;onestationaryandonemovable.Thestationaryhalfisfasteneddirectlytothestationaryplatenandisindirectcontactwiththenozzleoftheinjectionunitduringoperation.Themovablehalfofthemoldissecuredtothemovableplatenandusuallycontainstheejectormechanism.Therearemanypossiblemolddesigna,includingmultiplepiecemoldsforcomplicatedparts.Onproductionmoldingequipmentmanyarticlesmaybeshotatthesametimebytheuseofmultiplecavitymolds.Theuseofabalancedrunnersystemcarriestheplasticfromthespruetoeachindividualcavity.Atthispointthematerialpassesthroughagateintothecavity.Thegateisarestriction,smallerthentherunner,toprovideforevenfillingofthemoldcavityandtoallowtheproductstobeeasilyremovedformtherunnersystem.Withmostinjectionmoldingsystem,thearticlescanbesnappedawayfromtherunnerorspruewithoutadditionaltrimming.Prouductsthathavebeeninjectionmoldedcanusuallybeidentifiedbyfindingwherethegatewasbrokenoff.Thegatewillusuallybelocatedattheedgeorpartinglineofanobjectorinthecenterofcylindricalproduct.
Moldsareexpensive,asarethemachines.Yet,oncetheproducthasbeendesigned,moldsmade,andproductionstared,articlescanbeproducedinquantityatlowcost.Virtuallyallthermoplasticscanbeinjectionmoldedthroughvariationsinmoldandmachinedesign.
Mold(anddie)partsthataremass-producedandstandardizedinshapeanddimensionarereferredtoas“standards”(or“standardparts”).Specializedoperatorsofmillingmachines,lathes,lathes,electronicdischargemachining(EDN)equipmentandgrindersproducemoldcomponentsindependentlyofeachother,followingdetaiedmoldpartdrawings.Finally,alltheseitemscometogetherwiththestandardmoldbaseandhardwareandareassembledbythemoldmaker.Today,standardcomponentsforthemoldmakingindustryaremarketedbyanumberofcompanies.Fig.3.1.1illustratethestandardcomponentsforMolds.
Table3.1.1Statusofstandardization(1998)componentsfor
Compression,Injection,andDie-CastMold
Pos.No.
Denomination
Standard
DIN
ISO
1
Plate,plain
16760-1
6753-2
2
Plat,drilled
V16760-2
/
3
Supportpillar
DINISO10073
10073
4
Centringsleeve
16759
9449
5
Locatingguidepillar
16761
8017
6
Locatingguidebusch
16716
8018
7
Ejectorpin,cylindricalhead
1530-A
6751
8
Shoulderedejectorpin,cylindricalhead
1530-C
8694
9
Ejectorpin,conicalhead
1530-D
/
10
Flatejectorpin
1530-F
8693
11
Ejectorsleeve
16756
8405
12
Spruepullerinsert
16757
/
13
Spruebushing
16752-1
10072
14
Anglepin
/
8404
15
Locatingunit,roundandfalt
/
8406
16
Locatingring
16763
10907-1
10907-2
17
Thermalinsulatingsheet
16713
15600
18
Coolingconnectors
16766
/
BMoldConstruction
Theconstructionofthemoldforinjectionmoldingbeginswiththeworkingdrawing.Fromitthetequirementsforthemoldcanbespecified.Thesewouldincludethematerialfromwhichthemoldshouldbemade,theavailabilityofequipmentformachiningthemold,andthemoldcapacityofthediesetonthemachine.
Coldrolledsteelisanidealmaterialforlaboratorymolds,sinceitmachineswell,isfairlyinexpensive,andholdsupwellfornozzlepressureandwear.Itsmajordisadvantageisthatitwillrustquicklyunlessprotectedbymoldteleaseorwaxduringstorage.Complicatedmoldcavitiesneedspecializedmachiningandpolishing,therefore,circularcavitieswhichcanbeturnedandpolishedonthelatherequirelessequipmentandmachiningskill.
Similarmoldsmayalsobemachinedfromaluminum,andtheyhavetheadvantageofnotrusting.Excessiveweardevelopsonthesprueduetothehighnozzlepressureonthesoftaluminum,butthiscanbeovercomebytheuseofasteelcoverplateonthetopofthemold.
Anothermethodofmoldconstructionisbythecastingprocessusinganaluminumfilledepoxyresin.Thistypeofmoldisparticularlysuitedtoproductsofintricatedesignandproductsthataredifficulttomachine.Thecastepoxyisstrongandgivesgoodsurfacedetail,however,itisbrittleandshouldhaveasteeltopplateattachedtoabsorbthewearofthenozzle.Apatternoftheproductmustbesecuredormadeandplacedonamoldplate.Thedragofasmallsteelflaskisplacedaroundthepatternandtheepoxyresinispouredtofillthemoldhalf.Whenthishalfofthemoldhasbeencured,thecopeisplacedoveritandtheremainderofthemoldpoured.Uponcuring,theflaskisremoved,allsurfacesmachinedsmooth,dowelpinholesdrilled,anddowelsinserted.Asteelcapplateshouldbeboltedtothetophalvesandthesprue,runners,andgatesmachined.Instructionsformixing,pouring,andcuringthealuminumfille