初中现在完成时.docx
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初中现在完成时
初中语法:
现在完成时
概念:
现在完成时表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可以表示过去已经开始,并延续到现在的动作或状态。
一、现在完成时的用法
1.过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成。
如:
1)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我做完家庭作业了。
(过去某时开始做,到现在已完成)
2)Hehasalreadycome他已经来了。
(过去某时开始离开某地到这来,现在已在这。
)
2.表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在,有可能继续延续下去。
如:
1)IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已经学了六年英语了。
(六年前开始学英语,一直学到现在,也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。
)
2)IhavelivedinShenyangsince1990.我从1990年就在沈阳住。
(从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在,也可能继续住也可能就此为止。
)
二、现在完成时的结构
1)肯定式:
主语+have/has+过去分词
2)否定式:
主语+have/has+not+过去分词
3)一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+过去分词
4)特殊疑问式:
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词
简略答语:
Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)
No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)
三、现在完成时的时间状语
1.以already,just和yet(用于否定和疑问句)为标志
already,just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
1)Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已经得到了她的帮助。
2)Hehasjustseenthefilm.他刚刚看完电影
3)Hehasn’tcomebackyet.他还没有回来。
4)Haveyouheardthenewsyet?
注意:
当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时,在转换成否定句时,要把句中的already或just去掉,在句末加上yet。
例如:
Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.------Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.
Hehasjustcome.------Hehasn’tcomeyet.
2.以ever(曾经)(用于否定和疑问句)和never(从不)为标志
ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。
1)HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从未去过北京。
2)--Haveyoueverclimbedthatmountain?
你爬过那座山吗?
--Yes,severaltimes.是的,爬过几次。
3.以动作发生的次数为标志,如:
once(一次),twice(两次),threetimes(三次)等,可以用Howmanytimes提问,谓语多用延续性动词。
若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要用现在完成时。
1)HesayshehasbeentotheU.S.A.threetimes.他说他去过三次美国。
2)--HowmanytimeshaveyoueverbeentoEngland?
你曾经去过英国几次?
--Onlyonce.只去过一次。
4.以for和since为标志,可以用howlong提问,谓语多用延续性动词。
当表示一段时间,现在完成时可以用for或since引导的状语。
for+时间段since+过去某一时刻
例如:
I’veknownLiLifor4years.我认识丽丽已经4年了。
Ihaveworkedheresince8yearsago.自从8年前我就在这工作。
四、注意事项。
1.“have/hasgot”形式上是一种完成时,但和have/has为同一意思“有”。
e.g:
Haveyougotpen-friends?
Yes,Ihave.你有笔友吗?
是的,我有。
Hashegotalotofworktodo?
No,hehasn’t.他有许多工作要做吗?
不,他没有。
2.have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的区别。
have/hasgoneto去了(人还未回来)
have/hasbeento曾经去过(人已经回来了)
have/hasbeenin呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
HehasbeentoShenyangbefore.他以前曾去过沈阳。
HehasbeeninShenyangfortenyears.他在沈阳10年了。
HashegonetoShenyang?
他去沈阳了吗?
(B)Iyouforalongtime.Whereyou?
A.didn’tseen,did,goB.didn’tsee,have,gone
C.haven’tseen,have,beenD.haven’tseen,have,gone
3.have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever连用,have/hasgoneto则不可。
1)─HasTomeverbeentoParis?
汤姆去过巴黎吗?
─Yes,he’sbeentheremanytimes.是的,他去过好几次了。
2)─Wherehavetheygone?
他们去哪里了?
─They’vegonetoShenyang.他们去沈阳了。
4.非延续性动词(或称作终止性动词)不能用“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。
这类动词有:
come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。
但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。
arrive,come→behere,beinbuy→have
begin,start→beon die→bedead
getup→beupleave,move→beaway;
goout→beoutborrow→keep
finish/end→beoveropen→beopen
close→beclosedjoin—beamemberof
(B)---Howlongheafever?
---Eversincelastnight.
A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have
五、动词的过去分词变化形式:
(一)规则变化
通常动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的,在动词后面加ed构成过去分词。
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。
live---lived---lived,
(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
(二)不规则变化
一.过去分词词尾有字母-n
1.过去分词由原形加-ne构成
do-did-done go-went-gone
2.过去分词由原形加-en构成
beat-beat-beaten eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen
3.过去分词由原形加-n构成
blow-blew-blown draw-drew-drawndrive-drove-driven give-gave-given grow-grew-grownknow-knew-known take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistakenrise-rose-risen see-saw-seenshow-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown
4.过去分词由原形去字母e后,再双写后面的辅音字母加-en构成(*例外)
hide-hid-hidden ride-rode-ridden write-wrote-writtenforget-forgot-forgotten*
5.过去分词由过去式加-n构成
break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen freeze-froze-frozen speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen
6.完全不规则形式
am/is-was-been are-were-been fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain wear-wore-worn
二.过去式与过去分词形式相同
bring-brought-brought build-built-built buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught
dig-dug-dug feel-felt-felt find-found-found get-got-got
have/has-had-had hold-held-held keep-kept-kept leave-left-left
lay-laid-laidlend-lent-lent lose-lost-lostpay-paid-paid
hear-heard-heard make-made-made mean-meant-meant meet-met-met
say-said-said sell-sold-sold send-sent-sent sit-sat-sat
sleep-slept-slept smell-smelt-smelt spend-spent-spentspill-spilt-spilt
spit-spat-spat spoil-spoilt-spoilt stand-stood-stoodsweep-swept-swept
teach-taught-taught tell-told-told think-thought-thoughtwin-won-won
understand-understood-understood wake-woke/waked-woken/waked
shine-shone/shined-shone/shinedhang-hung/hanged-hung/hanged
learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned
三.原形、过去式与过去分词三种形式完全相同
cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt
let-let-letput-put-put set-set-set shut-shut-shut
read/ri:
d/-read/red/-read/red/
四.i-a-u变化形式
begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung
sink-sank-sunk swim-swam-swum
五.过去分词与原形相同
come-came-come run-ran-runbecome-became-become
六.情态动词(没有过去分词形式)
can-could must-mustwill-would may-might shall-should
初中英语常用不规则动词的过去式与过去分词
原形
过去式
过去分词
过去分词词尾有ne或en或n
do
did
done
go
went
gone
beat
beat
beaten
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
blow
blew
blown
draw
drew
drawn
drive
drove
driven
give
gave
given
grow
grew
grown
know
knew
known
take
took
taken
mistake
mistook
mistaken
rise
rose
risen
see
saw
seen
show
showed
shown
throw
threw
thrown
hide
hid
hidden
ride
rode
ridden
write
wrote
written
break
broke
broken
choose
chose
chosen
forget
forgot
forgotten
freeze
froze
frozen
speak
spoke
spoken
steal
stole
stolen
am/is
was
been
are
were
been
fly
flew
flown
lie
lay
lain
wear
wore
worn
过去式与过去分词形式相同
过去式与过去分词形式相同
bring
brought
brought
build
built
built
buy
bought
bought
catch
caught
caught
dig
dug
dug
feel
felt
felt
find
found
found
get
got
got
hang
hung/hanged
hung/hanged
have/has
had
had
hold
held
held
keep
kept
kept
lay
laid
laid
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
lose
lost
lost
原形
过去式
过去分词
hear
heard
heard
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
pay
paid
paid
say
said
said
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
shine
shone/shined
shone/shined
sit
sat
sat
sleep
slept
slept
smell
smelt
smelt
spend
spent
spent
spill
spilt
spilt
spit
spat
spat
spoil
spoilt
spoilt
stand
stood
stood
sweep
swept
swept
teach
taught
taught
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
understand
understood
understood
wake
woke/waked
woken/waked
win
won
won
三个形式全相同
cost
cost
cost
cut
cut
cut
hit
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
hurt
let
let
let
put
put
put
read/ri:
d/
read/red/
read/red/
set
set
set
shut
shut
shut
i-a-u形式
begin
began
begun
drink
drank
drunk
ring
rang
rung
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
swim
swam
swum
become
became
become
come
came
come
run
ran
run
情态动词
can
could
-
must
must
-
will
would
-
may
might
-
shall
should
-
注意区别catch,bring,think,buy,teach这几个词的过去式与过去分词
初二现在完成时专项练习
一、单项选择。
()1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
()2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
()3、HaveyoumetMrLi______?
A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
()4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
()5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better
()6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying
()7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
()8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
()9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone
()10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
()11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
()12、—Doyouknowhimwell?
—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade
()13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
()14、Hurryup!
Theplay__________fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
()15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.isB.hasC.willD.was
()16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen
()17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen
()18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?
A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey
()19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?
A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got
C.Howlong,cameD.Ho