SSAT阅读 Posttest 4.docx

SSAT阅读 Posttest 4.docx

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SSAT阅读Posttest4

PosttestFour

Passage1

Volcanoesaremountains,buttheyareverydifferentfromothermountains;theyarenotformedbyfoldingandcrumplingorbyupliftanderosion.Instead,volcanoesarebuiltbytheaccumulationoftheirowneruptiveproducts---lava,bombs（crustedoverlavablobs）,ashflows,andtephra（airborneashanddust）.AvolcanoismostcommonlyaconicalhillormountainbuiltaroundaventthatconnectswithreservoirsofmoltenrockbelowthesurfaceoftheEarth.Thetermvolcanoalsoreferstotheopeningorventthroughwhichthemoltenrockandassociatedgasesareexpelled.

DeepwithinEarthitissohotthatsomerocksslowlymeltandbecomeathickflowingsubstancecalledmagma.Becauseitislighterthanthesolidrockaroundit,magmarisesandcollectsinmagmachambers.EventuallysomeofthemagmapushesthroughventandfissuresintheEarth’ssurfaceandavolcaniceruptionoccurs.Magmathathaseruptediscalledlava.

Somevolcaniceruptionsareexplosiveandothersarenot.Howexplosiveaneruptionisdependsonhowrunnyorstickythemagmais.Ifmagmaisthinandrunny,gasescanescapeeasilyfromit.Whenthistypeofmagmaerupts,itflowsoutofthevolcano.Becausetheymoveslowlyenoughforpeopletogetoutoftheirway,lavaflowsrarelykillpeople.Theycan,however,causeconsiderabledestructiontobuildingsintheirpath.Ifmagmaisthickandsticky,gasescannotescapeeasily.Pressurebuildsupuntilthegasesescapeviolentlyandexplode.Inthistypeoferuption,themagmablastsintotheairandbreaksapartintopiecescalledtephra.Tephracanrangeinsizeformtinyparticlesofashtohouse-sizeboulders.Large-sizedtephratypicallyfallsbacktothegroundonorclosetothevolcanoandprogressivelysmallerfragmentsarecarriedawayfromtheventbywind.Volcanicash,thesmallesttephrafragments,cantravelhundredstothousandsofkilometersdownwindfromavolcano.

1.Aprimarydifferencebetweenvolcanoesandothermountainsisin

A.theirheight

B.theirruggedness

C.theirage

D.wheretheyarelocated

E.howtheyareformed

2.Avolcaniceruptionislikelytobemostexplosiveifmagma

A.isthinandrunny

B.isthickandsticky

C.risesandcollectsinmagmachambers

D.pushesoutthroughfissuresintheEarth’ssurface

E.becomeslava

3.Theauthorusesboldprintprimarilyto

A.emphasizewordsthatareusedinanunusualway

B.indicatewordsthataredifficulttopronounce

C.pointoutforeignwords

D.highlightimportanttermsthataredefinedinthetext

E.indicatewordsthatarenotnecessarytounderstandingthepassage

4.AllofthefollowingcanbeexplicitlyansweredbythepassageEXCEPT:

A.WhatfactorscontributetohottemperaturesdeepinsidetheEarth?

B.Whyaresomevolcaniceruptionsexplosivewhileothersarenot?

C.Asdangerousaseruptionscanbe,whydolavaflowsrarelykillpeople?

D.Whydoesmagmariseandcollectinchambers?

E.Whydoespressurebuildupinmagmathatisthickandsticky?

5.Thispassagewouldmostlikelyappearin

A.anewspaper

B.asciencetextbook

C.anadventurenovel

D.atravelbrochure

E.asafetymanual

6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueoftephra?

A.Itcanrangeinsizefromtinyparticlesofashtohugeboulders.

B.Itcantravelthousandsofkilometersfromavolcano.

C.Itcanbefoundtrappedinmagma.

D.Largetephrafallsonorclosetoavolcano.

E.Itisthetermforrockfragmentseruptedintotheairbyvolcanoes.

Passage2

ThefollowingspeechwasdeliveredbyFrederickDouglassatameetingoftheAnti-SlaverySocietyinPittsburghin1863.

IamoneofthosewhobelievethatitisthemissionofthiswartofreeeveryslaveintheUnitedStates.IamoneofthosewhobelievethatweshouldconsenttonopeacewhichshallnotbeanAbolitionpeace.Iam,moreover,oneofthosewhobelievethattheworkoftheAmericanAnti-SlaverySocietywillnothavebeencompleteduntiltheblackmenoftheSouth,andtheblackmenoftheNorth,shallhavebeenadmitted,fullyandcompletely,intothebodypoliticofAmerica.Ilookuponslaveryasgoingthewayofalltheearth.Itisthemissionofthewartoputitdown.

IknowitwillbesaidthatIaskyoutomakeblackmanavoterintheSouth.Itissaidthatthecoloredmanisignorant,andthereforeheshallnotvote.Insayingthis,youlaydownarulefortheblackmanthatyouapplytonootherclassofyourcitizens.Ifheknowsenoughtobehanged,heknowsenoughtovote.Ifheknowsanhonestmanfromathief,heknowsmuchmorethansomeofourwhitevoters.IfheknowsenoughtotakeuparmsindefenseofthisGovernmentandbarehisbreasttothestormofrebelartillery,heknowsenoughtovote.

AllIask,however,inregardtotheblacks,is