SSAT阅读 Posttest 4.docx

1、SSAT阅读 Posttest 4Posttest Four Passage 1 Volcanoes are mountains, but they are very different from other mountains; they are not formed by folding and crumpling or by uplift and erosion. Instead, volcanoes are built by the accumulation of their own eruptive products-lava, bombs (crusted over lava bl

2、obs), ash flows, and tephra (airborne ash and dust). A volcano is most commonly a conical hill or mountain built around a vent that connects with reservoirs of molten rock below the surface of the Earth. The term volcano also refers to the opening or vent through which the molten rock and associated

3、 gases are expelled. Deep within Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Because it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually some of the magma pushes through vent and fissures in the Ear

4、ths surface and a volcanic eruption occurs. Magma that has erupted is called lava. Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. How explosive an eruption is depends on how runny or sticky the magma is. If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape easily from it. When this type of magma

5、erupts, it flows out of the volcano. Because they move slowly enough for people to get out of their way, lava flows rarely kill people. They can, however, cause considerable destruction to buildings in their path. If magma is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure builds up until the

6、 gases escape violently and explode. In this type of eruption, the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart into pieces called tephra. Tephra can range in size form tiny particles of ash to house-size boulders. Large-sized tephra typically falls back to the ground on or close to the volcano and pr

7、ogressively smaller fragments are carried away from the vent by wind. Volcanic ash, the smallest tephra fragments, can travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers downwind from a volcano. 1. A primary difference between volcanoes and other mountains is in A. their height B. their ruggedness C. their

8、age D. where they are located E. how they are formed 2. A volcanic eruption is likely to be most explosive if magma A. is thin and runny B. is thick and sticky C. rises and collects in magma chambers D. pushes out through fissures in the Earths surface E. becomes lava 3. The author uses bold print p

9、rimarily to A. emphasize words that are used in an unusual way B. indicate words that are difficult to pronounce C. point out foreign words D. highlight important terms that are defined in the text E. indicate words that are not necessary to understanding the passage 4. All of the following can be e

10、xplicitly answered by the passage EXCEPT: A. What factors contribute to hot temperatures deep inside the Earth? B. Why are some volcanic eruptions explosive while others are not? C. As dangerous as eruptions can be, why do lava flows rarely kill people? D. Why does magma rise and collect in chambers

11、? E. Why does pressure build up in magma that is thick and sticky? 5. This passage would most likely appear in A. a newspaper B. a science textbook C. an adventure novel D. a travel brochure E. a safety manual 6. Which of the following statements is NOT true of tephra? A. It can range in size from t

12、iny particles of ash to huge boulders. B. It can travel thousands of kilometers from a volcano. C. It can be found trapped in magma. D. Large tephra falls on or close to a volcano. E. It is the term for rock fragments erupted into the air by volcanoes. Passage 2 The following speech was delivered by

13、 Frederick Douglass at a meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society in Pittsburgh in 1863. I am one of those who believe that it is the mission of this war to free every slave in the United States. I am one of those who believe that we should consent to no peace which shall not be an Abolition peace. I am,

14、 moreover, one of those who believe that the work of the American Anti-Slavery Society will not have been completed until the black men of the South, and the black men of the North, shall have been admitted, fully and completely, into the body politic of America. I look upon slavery as going the way

15、 of all the earth. It is the mission of the war to put it down. I know it will be said that I ask you to make black man a voter in the South. It is said that the colored man is ignorant, and therefore he shall not vote. In saying this, you lay down a rule for the black man that you apply to no other

16、 class of your citizens. If he knows enough to be hanged, he knows enough to vote. If he knows an honest man from a thief, he knows much more than some of our white voters. If he knows enough to take up arms in defense of this Government and bare his breast to the storm of rebel artillery, he knows enough to vote. All I ask, however, in regard to the blacks, is