固定短语 PHRASAL VERBS.docx

固定短语 PHRASAL VERBS.docx

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固定短语PHRASALVERBS

CHAPTER27. PHRASALVERBS

Aphrasalverbisanidiomwhichconsistsofaverbfollowedbyapreposition,averbfollowedbyanadverb,oraverbfollowedbyanadverb,followedbyapreposition.Thephrasalverbsinthefollowingexamplesareprintedinboldtype.

e.g.Iranintoanoldfriend.

   Weputoffwashingthedishes.

   Theyalllookuptohim.

Intheseexamples,thephrasalverbtorunintoconsistsoftheverbtorunfollowedbytheprepositioninto,thephrasalverbtoputoffconsistsoftheverbtoputfollowedbytheadverboff,andthephrasalverbtolookuptoconsistsoftheverbtolookfollowedbytheadverbup,followedbytheprepositionto.

ManyphrasalverbsareusedmoreoftenininformalEnglishthaninformalEnglish.Inmostcases,theideasexpressedbysuchphrasalverbsmayalsobeexpressedbyotherphraseswhicharemorelikelytobeusedinformalEnglish.

Forinstanceinthetablebelow,thephrasalverbsusedintheprecedingexamplesarelistedintheleft-handcolumnandotherphraseswiththesamemeaningsarelistedintheright-handcolumn.

Informal

Formal

 toruninto

 tomeetunexpectedly

 toputoff

 topostpone

 tolookupto

 toadmire

ItshouldbenotedthattheuseofmanyphrasalverbsvariesamongthedifferentdialectsofEnglish.Forinstance,inordertoexpresstheideaofcontactingsomeonebymeansofthetelephone,theexpressiontoringsomeoneupisfrequentlyusedinBritishEnglish;whereastheexpressiontocallsomeoneisfrequentlyusedinAmericanEnglish.

Becauseofdifferencesindialect,theformsoftheverbsandthemeaningsgivenmayvaryfromonedictionarytoanother.Inaddition,somephrasalverbshavemorethanonemeaning.ThemeaningsprovidedinthischapteraresamplesofmeaningswhichareusedinNorthAmericanEnglish.

 1.Phrasalverbsconsistingofaverbfollowedbyapreposition

Somephrasalverbsconsistofaverbfollowedbyapreposition.Ashasbeenseeninpreviouschapters,itisverycommonforEnglishverbstobefollowedbyprepositions.However,inthecaseofaphrasalverb,theverbfollowedbytheprepositionformsanexpressionwithanidiomaticmeaning.

Forinstance,thephrasalverbtocomeacrossisanidiomaticexpressionwiththemeaningtofind.Similarly,thephrasalverbtofrownonisanidiomaticexpressionwiththemeaningtodisapproveof.

e.g.Wecameacrossanolddiarywhilewewerecleaningouttheattic.

   Theworkersfrownedonthepracticeofsmokingintheoffice.

ItshouldbenotedthatsomephrasalverbsconsistingofaverbfollowedbyaprepositioncanbeusedinthePassiveVoice.

e.g.Thepracticeofsmokingintheofficewasfrownedonbytheworkers.

   Thechildrenwerelookedafterbytheiraunt.

Intheseexamples,thephrasalverbstofrownonandtolookafterareusedinthePassiveVoice.

Thefollowingareexamplesofphrasalverbswhichconsistofaverbfollowedbyapreposition.Eachphrasalverbisfollowedbyitsmeaningandanexampleofitsuse.

VerbsFollowedbyPrepositions

abideby:

 adhereto

 Weabidedbytherules.

accountfor:

 explain

 Heaccountedforthediscrepancy.

askfor:

 request

 Theyaskedforanextension.

bankon:

 dependon

 Wearebankingongoodweathertomorrow.

bearwith:

 bepatientwith

 Pleasebearwiththedelay.

borderon:

 benear,benextto

 Theirexcitementborderedonhysteria.

breakinto:

 enterbyforce

 Thievesbrokeintothestore.

buildon:

 developfrom

 Wewanttobuildonoursuccess.

burstinto:

 suddenlyenter

 Heburstintotheroom.

callfor:

 demand

 Thiscallsforaninvestigation.

callon:

 ask,order

 Wewillcallonyoutogiveaspeech.

comeacross:

 findaccidentally

 Shecameacrosssomeoldpapers.

comeupon:

 discover

 Wecameuponasmalllake.

confidein:

 shareasecret

 Thetwofriendsconfidedineachother.

counton:

 dependon

 Wearecountingonyou.

cutacross:

 useashortroute

 Icutacrosstheparkinglot.

dawnon:

 realize

 Finallythetruthdawnedonhim.

dealin:

 stock,sell

 Hedealsingoldandjewels.

dealwith:

 handlesuccessfully

 Shecandealwithanysituation.

decideon:

 settleon

 Theydecidedonacourseofaction.

dispensewith:

 proceedwithout

 Thechairmandispensedwithformalities.

disposeof:

 getridof

Ifhemoves,hewillhavetodisposeofhisfurniture.

dwellon:

 emphasize

 Hedweltontherisksinvolved.

enlargeon:

 saymoreabout

 Pleaseenlargeonyourproposal.

enterinto:

 begin,commence

 Thebrothersenteredintoanagreement.

expandon:

 saymoreabout

 Pleaseexpandonwhatyousaidbefore.

frownon:

 disapproveof

 Absenteeismisfrownedon.

getat:

 reach

 Thestorewassocrowded,itwashardtogetatthefood.

getinto:

 becomeinvolvedwith

 Idon'twanttoget