固定短语 PHRASAL VERBS.docx

1、固定短语 PHRASAL VERBSCHAPTER 27. PHRASAL VERBSA phrasal verb is an idiom which consists of a verb followed by a preposition, a verb followed by an adverb, or a verb followed by an adverb, followed by a preposition. The phrasal verbs in the following examples are printed in bold type.e.g. I ran into an

2、old friend. We put off washing the dishes. They all look up to him.In these examples, the phrasal verb to run into consists of the verb to run followed by the preposition into, the phrasal verb to put off consists of the verb to put followed by the adverb off, and the phrasal verb to look up to cons

3、ists of the verb to look followed by the adverb up, followed by the preposition to.Many phrasal verbs are used more often in informal English than in formal English. In most cases, the ideas expressed by such phrasal verbs may also be expressed by other phrases which are more likely to be used in fo

4、rmal English.For instance in the table below, the phrasal verbs used in the preceding examples are listed in the left-hand column and other phrases with the same meanings are listed in the right-hand column.InformalFormal to run into to meet unexpectedly to put off to postpone to look up to to admir

5、eIt should be noted that the use of many phrasal verbs varies among the different dialects of English. For instance, in order to express the idea of contacting someone by means of the telephone, the expression to ring someone up is frequently used in British English; whereas the expression to call s

6、omeone is frequently used in American English.Because of differences in dialect, the forms of the verbs and the meanings given may vary from one dictionary to another. In addition, some phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. The meanings provided in this chapter are samples of meanings which are

7、used in North American English. 1. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a prepositionSome phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by a preposition. As has been seen in previous chapters, it is very common for English verbs to be followed by prepositions. However, in the case of a phrasal

8、verb, the verb followed by the preposition forms an expression with an idiomatic meaning.For instance, the phrasal verb to come across is an idiomatic expression with the meaning to find. Similarly, the phrasal verb to frown on is an idiomatic expression with the meaning to disapprove of.e.g. We cam

9、e across an old diary while we were cleaning out the attic. The workers frowned on the practice of smoking in the office.It should be noted that some phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition can be used in the Passive Voice.e.g. The practice of smoking in the office was frowned o

10、n by the workers. The children were looked after by their aunt.In these examples, the phrasal verbs to frown on and to look after are used in the Passive Voice.The following are examples of phrasal verbs which consist of a verb followed by a preposition. Each phrasal verb is followed by its meaning

11、and an example of its use.Verbs Followed by Prepositionsabide by: adhere to We abided by the rules.account for: explain He accounted for the discrepancy.ask for: request They asked for an extension.bank on: depend on We are banking on good weather tomorrow.bear with: be patient with Please bear with

12、 the delay.border on: be near, be next to Their excitement bordered on hysteria.break into: enter by force Thieves broke into the store.build on: develop from We want to build on our success.burst into: suddenly enter He burst into the room.call for: demand This calls for an investigation.call on: a

13、sk, order We will call on you to give a e across: find accidentally She came across some old e upon: discover We came upon a small lake.confide in: share a secret The two friends confided in each other.count on: depend on We are counting on you.cut across: use a short route I cut across the parking

14、lot.dawn on: realize Finally the truth dawned on him.deal in: stock, sell He deals in gold and jewels.deal with: handle successfully She can deal with any situation.decide on: settle on They decided on a course of action.dispense with: proceed without The chairman dispensed with formalities.dispose

15、of: get rid of If he moves, he will have to dispose of his furniture.dwell on: emphasize He dwelt on the risks involved.enlarge on: say more about Please enlarge on your proposal.enter into: begin, commence The brothers entered into an agreement.expand on: say more about Please expand on what you said before.frown on: disapprove of Absenteeism is frowned on.get at: reach The store was so crowded, it was hard to get at the food.get into: become involved with I dont want to get