国际商务概论Unit 1 Spread sheet.docx

国际商务概论Unit 1 Spread sheet.docx

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国际商务概论Unit1Spreadsheet

Unit1

TheEconomyandYou

Preview

DecisionMakingDoyouuseadecision-makingprocesseverytimeyoubuysomething?

TrendsintheWorldofBusinessAftercompletingtheunit,youwillresearchtrendsintheworldofbusinesstofindouthowtheycanaffectbusinessandworkers.

ProjectChecklistAsyoureadthechaptersinthisunit,usethischecklisttopreparefortheunitproject.

✔Thinkabouthoweconomiceventsaffectworkersyouknow.

✔Considerhowtechnologyhasevolvedduringyourlifetime.

✔Lookforculturaldiversityinyourcommunity.

✔Noticehowglobalizationaffectsbusiness.

Chapter1

BasicEconomicConcepts

ChapterObjectives:

Aftercompletingthischapter,youwillbeableto:

Section1.1ALookatWantsandNeeds

•Statethedifferencesbetweenwantsandneeds.

•Describehowresourceslimitthenumberofwantspeopleandbusinessescansatisfy.

•Explainhowtousethedecision-makingprocesstomakethemostofyourresources.

Section1.2BusinessActivities

•Explainhowprofitandcompetitionmotivatebusinesses.

•Listtheactivitiesbusinessesundertakewhendevelopingproductsandservices.

•Explainhowbusinessimpactsyouandhowyouimpactbusiness.

ChoosingWhatIsMostImportantWecannothaveeverythingwewantandneed.Wemustchoosewhatwewantorneedthemost.Thismanhaschosentospendtimewithhisson.Doyouconsiderspendingtimewithfamilyawantoraneed?

Section1.1

ALookatWantsandNeeds

Beforeyouread

Thinkaboutthedifferencebetweenthethingsyouwantandthethingsyouneed.

ReadtoLearn

•Statethedifferencesbetweenwantsandneeds.

•Describehowresourceslimitthenumberofwantspeopleandbusinessescansatisfy.

•Explainhowtousethedecision-makingprocesstomakethemostofyourresources.

TheMainIdea

Businessesmakemoneybyofferinggoodsandservicestosatisfythewantsandneedsofconsumersandotherbusinesses.Inthisway,wantsandneedsdrivetheeconomy.

KeyConcepts

•WantsandNeedsDrivetheEconomy

•HowResourcesLimittheAbilitytoSatisfyWantsandNeeds

•MakingtheMostofYourResources

Vocabulary

KeyTerms

wants

services

needs

resources

goods

AcademicVocabulary

Youwillfindthesewordsinyourreadingandonyourtests.Makesureyouknowtheirmeanings.

determine

consider

identify

evaluate

WantsandNeedsDrivetheEconomy

Everydayyoumakedecisionsabouthowtospendyourmoney.Supposeyouhave$10.Youcoulduseittobuylunchortogotoamovie.Whichofthesethingsdoyouwant,andwhichdoyouneed?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenwhatyouwantandwhatyouneed?

AnAbundanceofWantsandNeeds

Wantsandneedsdeterminewhatproductsandservicesbusinessesprovide.Wantsarethingsthatyoudonothavetohavetosurvive,butwouldliketohave.Youmightwantamountainbike,whileyourbestfriendmaywantanewcomputer.Needsarethingsthatyoumusthaveinordertosurvive.Thebasicneedsofpeopleincludefood,water,shelter,andclothing.

Agroupofpeoplemaysharethesamewants.Afamilymaywantanewkitchentable.Abusinessmaywantanadvancedcomputersystem.Althoughthesewantsareshared,theyareconsideredprivatewants.Individualpeoplealsohaveprivatewants.

Publicwantsarewantsthatarewidelysharedbymanypeople.Examplesincludehighways,publiclibraries,andparks.Local,state,andfederalgovernmentssatisfypublicwants.

SatisfyingWantsandNeeds

Businessesprovidegoodsandservicestosatisfywantsandneeds.Goodsarephysicalproducts.Skates,groceries,andtelephonesareexamplesofgoods.

Servicesaretasksthatbusinessesperformforconsumers.Theseincludetasksthatpeopleormachinesdo.Likegoods,servicesareprovidedforafee.Forexample,whenyoupayH&RBlocktoprepareyourtaxes,youarebuyingaservice.Insurance,sportsandentertainment,tourism,banking,andeducationinvolveofferingservices.Mostcompaniesthatsellgoodsalsoprovideservicestotheircustomers.

HowResourcesLimittheAbilitytoSatisfyWantsandNeeds

Mostpeoplehaveunlimitedwantsforgoodsandservices.IntheUnitedStates,mostconsumersareabletosatisfytheirbasicneeds.Marketerspromotegoodsandservicesthatwillappealtopeople’swants.

Themoremoneyyoumake,themoregoodsorservicesyoucanbuy.However,fewpeoplehaveenoughresourcestosatisfyalloftheirwants.Resourcesareitemsthatpeoplecanusetomakeorobtainwhattheyneedorwant.Examplesofresourcesincludemoney,fuel,andlabor.

Resourceslimitthenumberofneedsandwantspeoplecansatisfy.Forexample,youmaywantanewpairofjeansandanewcamera.Youmayhaveonlyenoughmoneytobuyoneofthesethings.Businessesandgovernmentsareinfluencedbythesameproblem.Theylacktheresourcestodoallthethingsthattheywanttodo.Tomakethebestuseoflimitedresources,determinewhatyourneedsareandsatisfythemfirst.

MakingtheMostofYourResources

Everydayyoumakechoicesabouthowyouwillspendyourresourcestosatisfyyourneedsandwants.Youshouldmaketheseimportantdecisionscarefully.Youcanmakethemostofyourresourcesbymakingthebestchoicesaboutwhattobuy.

ExplainHowcanyoumakethemostofyourresources?

TheDecision-MakingProcess

Thedecision-makingprocesscanhelpyoumakegoodchoices.Ithelpsyoutoidentifyandconsideryourvariousalternativesandtheirconsequencesbeforeyoumakeafinaldecision.TheessentialstepsoftheprocessareoutlinedinFigure1.1

MakingBetterChoicesThedecision-makingprocesscanbeusedtomakeallkindsofdecisions.Whatmajordecisionshaveyoumaderecently?

PersonalDecisionMakingYoumaynotuseallofthestepsofthedecision-makingprocesseverytimeyoubuysomething.Whenyoudecidetobuyorangejuice,youmayalwaysbuythesamebrand,suchasTropicana.However,manydecisionsneedmorecarefulthought.Abikecanbeanimportantpurchasebecauseyouarelikelytokeepitforsometime.Whenyouconsiderwhatkindofbiketobuyatwhatprice,youwillprobablyuseallfivestepsofthedecision-makingprocess.Thelongeradecisionwillaffectyourlife,themoreyouneedtoevaluateyouroptionsandconsiderthepossibleconsequences.

BusinessDecisionMakingCompetitionamongbusinessesisintense.Forthisreason,businessesmustdecidehowtobestuseandconservetheirresources.Businessesmustmakethoughtfuldecisionsthatareconsistentwiththeirgoals.Businessmanagersconstantlymakedecisions.Mostcompaniesallowmanagerstomakeroutinedecisionsindependently.Higher-levelbusinessmanagersusuallymakemoreimportantdecisionsthataffectthefutureoftheircompanies.

ReviewKeyConcepts

1.Describethedifferencebetweenpublicwantsandprivatewants.

2.Defineresources.

3.Listthestepsinthedecision-makingprocess.

AcademicSkills

4.MathematicsInmakingahouseholdbudget,youdeterminethatyourbasicneedsrequire75percentofyourmonthlyincome.Theitemsyoulistedas“wants”costanother15percent.Ifyourmonthlyincomeis$2,500,howmuchareyouspendingonwants?

Howmuchdoyouhavelefttosave?

Section1.2

BusinessActivities

Beforeyouread

Thinkaboutallthethingsabusinessmustdoinordertosellproductsandservices.

ReadtoLearn

•Explainhowprofitandcompetitionmotivatebusinesses.

•Listtheactivitiesbusinessesundertakewhendevelopingproductsandservices.

•Explainhowbusinessimpactsyouandhowyouimpactbusiness.

TheMainIdea

Businessesseekprofitbyprovidinggoodsandservicesinexchangeformoney.Companiesthriveoncompetition,thecontestbetweenbusinessestowincustomers.Competitionandprofitmotivatebusinessestocontinuallystrivetofindnewwaystosatisfycustomers.

KeyConcepts

•HowtoDefineBusiness

•BusinessActivities

•BusinessandYou

Vocabulary

KeyTerms

business

profit

competition

marketresearch

consumer

AcademicVocabulary

Youwillfindthesewordsinyourreadingandonyourtests.Makesureyouknowtheirmeanings.

analyze

respond

affect

modify

HowtoDefineBusiness

Whetheryouneedtobuyfoodfordinnerorwantanewbike,yourwantsandneedsareusuallysatisfiedbybusiness.Businessisanycommercialactivitythatseeksprofitbyprovidinggoodsandservicestoothersinexchangeformoney.Profitisthemoneyleftoverafterabusinesshaspaidthecostofprovidingitsgoodsandservices.

Businessesprovideconsumersandotherbusinesseswithnecessities,suchasfood,clothing,housing,medicalcare,andtransportation.Businessesalsoprovidegoodsandservicesthatmakelifeeasierandbetter.Forentrepreneurs,owningabusinessalsooffersanopportunitytoearnagoodliving.

ApplyThinkofyourfavoriteretailstore.Whatcompaniesareitscompetition?

TheMotiveofBusiness:

ToMakeaProfit

Businessessupplygoodsandserviceswiththemotivationofmakingprofits.Withoutprofit,acompanycannotsurvive.Profitistherewardforsatisfyingtheneedsandwantsofconsumersandbusinesses.Thewealthcreatedbybusinessesbenefitstheentirecommunitybecausebusinessespaytaxesandprovidejobs.

TheSignificanceofCompetition

Companiesthriveoncompetition,thecontestbetweenbusinessestowincustomers.Forexample,Skecherscompeteswithothershoeretailers,suchasFootLocker,forbusiness.Competitionisadirectresponsetowantsandneeds.

Competitionispossiblebecausecompanieshavethefreedomtoproducetheproductstheythinkwillbethemostprofitable.BecausetheAmericaneconomyisbasedonfreedomandvoluntaryexchange,buyerscancompetetofindthebestproductsatthelowestprices.Theresultisthatgoodsandservicesareproducedandsoldatth