职称英语等级考试综合A试题及答案.docx

职称英语等级考试综合A试题及答案.docx

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职称英语等级考试综合A试题及答案

2003年职称英语等级考试试题-综合A

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

   AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted

   2Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

   AheavyBstrongCkindDwild

   3Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

   AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting

   4Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing

   AwasteBbuyCuseDsell

   5Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

   AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume

   6Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

   AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely

   7Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness

   AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected

   8Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.

   AcleanBperfectCrealDbrief

   9Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.

   AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed

   10Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock

   AbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumed

   11Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.

   AsignBsubstituteCproofDtarget

   12Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.

   AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangry

   13IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.

   AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffset

   14Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.

   AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreate

   15Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.

AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally

第2部分：

　阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasion

Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’sessentialtools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothecharismatic（有魅力的）andtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,though,experimentalpsychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,askpeerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,aswell.Soit’sworththetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.

Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It’ssoundpolicytodoafavorbeforeseekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyandclearly.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto（服从）experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’sself-evident.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit’sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.

16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.

ArightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；

（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

KeepingCutFlowers

1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.

2Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations（康乃馨）retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12oCthanwhenkeptat260c.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.

3Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination（授粉）.Afterthat,theyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）,calledrespiration（呼吸）,generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespire,flowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.4How,then,tocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?

Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?

Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.

5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”waterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellsclean,italmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach（含氯漂白剂）canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleach（at4%solution）beaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.

AControlofRespirationBBeautyofFreshCutFlowers

CRoleofRespirationDMostImportantAspectofFlowerCare

ENeedforCleanWaterFWaysofStoppingRespiration

23Paragraph2__________________

24Paragraph3__________________

25Paragraph4__________________

26Paragraph5__________________

27Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers_______________

28Respirationplaysakeyrole________________

29Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown_________________

30Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis____________________

Abykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolour

Binthelifeofthecutflower

Ctoproducecarbondioxide

Dforaslongaspossible

Ebycontrollingtemperature

Ftoreplacethewaterandsolutioneveryday

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme，fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil，toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops，startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公顷）ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨碍生长）plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics，mangroves（红树林）thatcreateswamps（沼泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean，aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop，allowingseawatertoseep（渗透）in.inLatinAmerica，irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸发）bytheheat，leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems，FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants‘growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop，butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown，FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain，providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue？

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife.

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

32Flo