英语语法连词冠词介词.docx
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英语语法连词冠词介词
LectureFour理科班英语语法篇(四)冠词
一、a与one的对比
1.尽管a和one这两个在意义上有些相似,但它们几乎不能互换使用。
2.在连续记数时,习惯上,用one而不用a。
3.在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。
4.用在某些固定词组中。
e.g.allofasudden(突然),asamatteroffact(事实上),inahurry,inaword,dosb.afavour,payavisitto,ahandof(少量的),alengthof(一根、一段),avarietyof(种种),adepthof(深度为),anarticleof(一件),atotalof(总共),anaverageof(平均),onebyone,oneafteranother,oneday
二、不定冠词的基本用法
1.具有泛指的概念,表示“一类”或“其中的一个”。
2.初次提到某人或某物。
3.速度、比率、价格等,其意义相等于one或every。
4.用在某些物质名词前,该物质名词便具体化了。
acoffee,aheavyrain
5.用在某些抽象名词前,该抽象名词前便具体化了。
Hehasaknowledgeofchemistry. Theget-togetherwasagreatsuccess.
6.用在专有名词前,表示类似的一个或某一个。
HeisaKongFansen. AMrsSmithwishestospeaktoyou.
7.表示“同一个”的意思。
Thetwoboysareofanage.
Theseumbrellasareofa(=thesame)colourandsize.
8.不定冠词的特殊位置:
how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词
sokindaman=suchakindman toodifficultabook
三、定冠词的主要用法
1.表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。
2.表示世界上独一无二的事物。
3.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。
4.用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。
5.用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人。
6.用在表示国家和民族的形容词前表示泛指该国的人民。
7.用在姓氏的复数前,表示该夫妇俩或全家人。
8.乐器、通讯设备前一定要加定冠词。
9.用于某些缩略词之前。
thePRC
10.用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前。
11. 固定搭配。
inthemorning ontheotherhand
四、不用冠词的几种情况
1.季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前,一般不加冠词。
theSpringFestival(除外)
2.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时,一般不加冠词。
3.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加。
4.球类、棋类、学科等名称前,一般不加冠词。
5.称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前,不加冠词。
6.在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。
7.在turn,go(变成、成为)变成后面的名词做短语时,名词前不加冠词。
但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词。
8.在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中,该普通名词前不加冠词。
9.泛指复数名词前不用冠词。
10.固定搭配。
indebt,ingood(bad)health,ingoodcondition,ingreatdemand,ingreatneedof,intimeofdanger,inoffice(就职),inhonourof,introuble(difficulty),infavourof,withanger,ingeneral,insize,incharacter(在性格上),insight,in(outof)order,onbusiness,onholiday,onleave,onwatch,onfire,heartandsoul,knifeandfork,atsea,husbandandwife,brotherandsister,frommorningtillnight,onhorseback
五、特殊情况
1.部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。
一般说来,名词前无冠词,则表示抽象意义;名词前有冠词,则表示具体意义。
outofproblem(不成问题),outoftheproblem(不可能),takeplace,taketheplaceof,inhospital,inthehospital,attable,atthetable,infrontof,inthefrontof,threeofus,thethreeofus,onearth,ontheearth,ofage(成年),ofanage(同岁数),losecolour(脸色苍白),losethecolour(褪色),
2.有些诉组中用定冠词the还是不定冠词a,意义不同。
anumberof thenumberof
3.注意当单数可数名词被so、as、how、too等词修饰时,冠词的位置要放在形容词后面。
比较such。
4.注意习惯用法。
在某些词组、成语中,名词前不用冠词。
六、表示类别的三种情况
1.定冠词+单数可数名词(用特指的那一类事物代表一类事物)。
2.不定冠词+单数可数名词(用“任意一个”“某一个”所具有的特性、特征表示一类事物)。
3.可数名词复数或不可数名词,指“类别”。
(考虑到同一类中的各个情况)。
专题练习
冠词
1.Jumpingoutof________airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite________excitingexperience.(2002全国高考题)
A./;the B./;an C.an;an D.the;the
2.There’s________dictionaryon________deskbyyourside.(2003北京春季高考题)
A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;the
3.Anaccidenthappenedat________crossroadsafewmetersawayfrom________bank.(2003上海春季高考题)
A.a;a B./;a C./;the D.the;/
4.Thewarmthof________sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof________woolused.
A.the;the B.the;/ C./;the D./;/
5.Mr.Liwillgiveus________talk.________talkwillbeginat8:
00.
A.a;The B.the;A C./;/ D.a;A
6.Thesungivesus________heatand________light.
A.the;the B.a;a C.a;the D./;/
7.—Whatdoyouneedindinner?
—Ineed________.
A.aknifeandafork B.aknifeandforkC.theknifeandfork D.theknifeandthefork
8.________Mrs.Smithiswaitingforyouinyouroffice.
A.The B.A C.One D./
9.She’son________People’sDaily.
A.the B.an C.a D./
10._____Einsteinscouldnotpayfor_____advancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.
A.The;the B.A;a C.An;the D.The;an
11.Sheis_______newcomerto_______chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.
A.the;the B.the;a C.a;/ D.a;the
12.—WhereisJack?
—Ithinkheisstillin________bed,buthemightbein________bathroom.
A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the
13.Idon’tliketalkingon________telephone;Ipreferwriting________letters.
A.a;the B.a;/ C.the;the D.the;/
14.Manypeoplearestillin________habitofwritingsillythingsin________publicplaces.
A.the;the B./;/ C.the;/ D./;the
15.—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.
—OK,butdoyouhave________sizeinblue?
Thisoneisabittightforme.
A.abig B.abigger C.thebig D.thebigger
16.Iheardsomebodyplaying________pianoin________nextroom.
A.a;a B.the;the C.a;the D.the;an
17.________PacificOceanis________largestofall.
A.the;a B./;the C.the;the D.a;/
18.Greatchangeshavetakenplacein________1990’s.
A./ B.a C.the D.an
19.Wouldn’titbe____wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin_____peacewithoneanother?
A.a;/ B.the;/ C.a;the D.the;the
20.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented________telephonein1876.
A./ B.a C.the D.one
21.In1864,Lincolnwaselected_____Presidentof____UnitedStatesforthesecondtime.
A.the;the B.a;a C./;the D./;/
22.Johnis________universitystudent.
A./ B.any C.a D.an
23.Thetableismadeof________.
A.awood B.somewood C.thewood D.wood
24.Wearegoingtolearn________nextweek.
A.TwelfthLesson B.TheTwelfthLessonC.TwelveLesson D.TheTwelveLesson
25.—I’dlike________informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
—Well,youcouldhave________wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.
A.some;a B.an;some C.some;some D.an;a
26.Papermoneywasin_______useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin______thirteenthcentury.
A.the;/ B.the;the C./;the D./;/
27.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith________animalsof________differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.
A.the;a B./;a C.the;the D./;the
28.Aliceisfondofplaying_____pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_____music.
A./;the B./;/ C.the;/ D.the;the
29.Oh,John.________yougaveus!
A.Howapleasantsurprise B.Howpleasantsurprise
C.Whatapleasantsurprise D.Whatpleasantsurprise
30.________terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!
A.Howa B.Whata C.How D.What
31.Manypeopleagreethat_____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.
A.a;/ B.the;an C.the;the D./;the
32.Beyond________stars,theastronautsawnothingbut________space.
A.the;/ B./;the C./;/ D.the;the
33.—Haveyouseen________pen?
Ileftitherethismorning.
—Isit________blackone?
IthinkIsawitsomewhere.
A.a;the B.the;the C.a;a D.the;a
34.Afterwatching________TV,sheplayed________violinforanhour.
A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the
35.—Areyousuretohelpmefind________bedformynewhouse?
—Sure,butnotnow.I’mheadingfor________bedandagoodsleep.
A.a;/ B.a;a C.the;a D.the;/
36.CharlieChaplinwasconsideredoneofthegreatestactorsin___historyof___cinema.
A./;/ B.a;the C.the;the D.the;a
37.—Whatabout________book?
—It’stoodifficult________book.
A.a;a B.a;the C.the;the D.the;a
38.Towards________evening________coldrainbegantofall.
A.an;the B.the;a C.the;/ D./;a
39.Shealwaysplays________footballafter________school.
A.a;the B.the;the C./;a D./;/
40._____wheelisthoughttobe_____inventionof_____firstimportanceinhumanhistory.
A.A;the;the B.The;an;the C.A;an;the D.A;an;/
41.Ifeltsomeonepattedmeon________shoulder.
A.a B.the C.my D./
42.—Soyouarerunning________restaurant?
—Yes,butIdon’twanttomakeit________restaurantonlyforrichpeople.
A.the;/ B.the;the C.a;the D.a;a
43.Xi’anwas________startingpointof________worldfamous“SilkRoad”.
A./;/ B.a;a C.the;/ D.the;the
44.Itisteno’clockinthemorningbutheisstill________.
A.inthebed B.atthebed C.inbed D.onbed
45.Morethanhalfof________waterusedfordrinking,washingandirrigatingcropscomesfromunder________ground.
A.the;/ B./;the C./;/ D.the;the
46.Atnoonwereached________smallvillage________eastof________SummerPalace.
A.the;the;the B.a;/;the C.a;the;the D.a;/;/
47.Thechildhadonly________slighttemperature,butthedoctorregarded________illnessasseriousenoughfor________hospitaltreatment.
A./;/;the B.a;/;/ C.a;the;/ D./;the;the
48.Ihad________lunchatafriend’shouseyesterday.________foodwasgood.
A.the;/ B./;/ C.the;the D./;The
49.—WhatisJackgoingtodowithallhismoney?
—Hesayshehasalwaysdreamedoftaking________triparound________world.
A.a;the B.the;the C.a;/ D.a;a
50.Qingdaois________mostbeautifulcityinsummer.
A.the B./ C.a D.one
51.Justnowyousaidyoualwaysgottoworkon_______8o’clocktrain.Butwould_______latertraingetyoutoworkontime?
A.a;a B.a;the C.the;the D.the;a
52.Thebuildingwascompletedin______Septemberof1956notin______October,1955.
A./;the B.the;the C./;/ D.the;/
53.Iwouldliketohave_______room,_______windowofwhichopensto_______south.
A.a;the;a B.a;the;the C.a;/;/ D.a;the;/
54.Th