教育心理学双语.docx

教育心理学双语.docx

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教育心理学双语

U1AnIntroductiontoEducationalPsychology

KEYWORDS

Treatment

治疗

Negativecorrelation

负相关

Variables

变量

Uncorrelated

不相关

Laboratory

实验室

DescriptiveResearches

描述研究

Internalvalidity

内部效度

Actionresearch

行为研究

Externalvalidity

外部效度

Correlationalstudy

相关性研究

Controlgroup

对照组

Qualitativeresearches

定性研究

Quantitativeresearches

定量研究

Positivecorrelation

正相关

Questions

1.Whyiseducationalpsychologyvaluableforteachers?

为什么教育心理学对教师来说有价值？

Becauseaccordingtheeducationalpsychology,teachercanmakedecisionsbetter.Itprovidedteachersalanguagetodiscussourexperiencesandthinking.

2.Generallyspeaking,whatiseducationalpsychologyconcernedabout?

一般来说,教育心理学关注的是什么?

Thestudyof

1.Learners——thenatureofstudents

2.Learning——principlesoflearning

3.Teaching——methodsofteaching

U2HowPiagetViewDevelopment

schemes

格式

conservation

守恒

adaptation

适应

centration

自我中心化

assimilation

同化

reversibility

可逆性

accommodation

顺应

reflexes

反射

Cognitivestructure

认知结构论

Equilibration

平衡

1.ToPiaget,howdidonedevelopcognitively?

1.Knowledgecomesfromaction.

知识来自行动。

2.Developmentdependsonchild’smanipulationandactiveinteractionwiththeenvironment.

发展取决于孩子的行为以及环境的相互作用。

3.Achild’scognitiveabilitiesprogressthroughfourdistinctstages.

Eachstageischaracterizedbytheemergenceofnewabilitiesandwaysofprocessinginformation.

孩子的认知能力经过四个阶段的发展，每一个阶段的特点是新的能力和方法的出现。

2.AccordingtoPiaget’stheory,whatisthebestwaytotreatachild?

1.Toknowtheprocesschildrenusetogettotheanswerisasimportantastheresult.

知道孩子学习的过程和结果一样重要。

2.Children’sself-initiated,activeinvolvementinlearningactivitiesiscrucialtotheirrecognition.

孩子自己发现，积极参与学习活动对他们的认知发展极为重要。

3.Prematureeducationisnotnecessaryforchildren.

过早的学习对孩子来说是没有必要的

4.Childrendevelopatthesamesequencebutdifferentrates,soindividualsandsmallgroupactivitiesshouldbeproperlyarrangedinclass.

孩子成长按照相同的程序但是不同的速度，所以课堂活动安排要合理。

3.HowcanlearninghappenaccordingtoPiaget?

Accordingtopiaget,learningdependsonthisprocessofassimilationandaccommodation.

Assimilation——understandingnewexperiencesintermsofexistingschemes.

Accommodation——modifyingexistingschemestofitnewsituations.

U3HowVygotskyViewCognitiveDevelopment

signsystem

符号系统

ZPD

最近发展期

self-regulation

自我调节

scaffolding

支架教学

1.ToVygotsky,howdidonedevelopcognitively?

1.Developmentdependsonthesignsystemsthatindividualsgrowupwith.

2.Cognitivedevelopmentisstronglylinkedtoinputfromothers.Itisaprocessoflearningfromothersandinternalizing.

2.AccordingtoVygotsky’stheory,whatisthebestwaytotreatachild?

1.Readingisveryimportantinchildren’sintellectualdevelopment;

阅读对孩子智力发展十分重要

2.Imitationandcooperationisefficientwaysinchildren’sstudy;

模仿和合作是孩子学习的有效方式

3.TeachingisfindingtheproperZPDofchildren;

找到孩子的最近发展期

4.Encourageprivatespeechesduringsolvingtasks;

解决问题时鼓励自言自语

5.Teachthewayofdoingthingsinorderthatstudentscanknowhowtodo,notonlywhattodo.

教会学生如何去做而不是做什么

4.HowcanlearninghappenaccordingtoVygotsky?

Learningdependsontheprocessofself-regulation

Actionandsoundhaveameaning

Practice

Usingsignstothinkandsolveproblem

TOPIC4TheoryintoPractice

1.MakeabriefcomparisonbetweenPiaget’sandVygotsky’stheories.

Wheredotheyagreewitheachother?

1.Childrenareactive.

2.Trial-and-errorisalwaysawaytolearn.

3.Facingchallengeswillimproveone’sdevelopment.

4.Developingistoimproveone’swaysofthinking&solvingproblems.

Wherearetheydifferent?

1.Developmentdependsoninteractionwiththeenvironmentormorecompetenthumanbeings.

2.LearningimprovesorDEPENDSONdevelopment.

3.Cognitivestructureorsignsystems.

4.Developmentbeginsfrombornabilityorsociety.

5.Assimilation&accommodationorinternalization.

WhatisinitforUS?

1.Developmentisindependent.Nobodycantaketheplaceofanother.

2.Activeinteractionwithothersisthemaincause.

3.Adultscanhelpchildrenin2ways:

givingthemchancestotry&handleerrors;andhelpingthemwhentheyreallyneed（ZPD）.

2.Whatcanwedoinclassteachingaccordingtotheirtheory?

1.Itisnotagoodideatogetyourkidstositandlistenexceptreading.

2.Makingchancestogetyourkidstodosomethingbythemselvesisalwayshelpful.

3.Giveyourkidstasksindividuallyorinsmallgroupsifyoucan.ItisaproperwaytofindtheirZPDwherelearninghappens.

4.Trytogiveopportunitiesforyourkidstotalkinwhichyouwillfindoutwhenandhowtohelp（scaffolding）.

3.Whenplanningtoteach,whatshouldweconsideraccordingtotheirideas?

1.Whatcanthekidsdowiththeirhands?

2.Whathavetheyknownaboutmycontent?

3.CanI