U5语义学02.docx

U5语义学02.docx

《U5语义学02.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《U5语义学02.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

U5语义学02

Chapter5Semantics

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.

1.DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.

2.Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform. 

3.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.

4.Insemantics,meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience. 

5.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts. 

6.Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer. 

7.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents. 

8.Mostlanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeofformality. 

9.“itishot.”isano-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument. 

10.Ingrammaticalanalysis,thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit,butinsemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitispredication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.

11.S________canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.

12.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnod______linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.

13.R______meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

14.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalleds________.

15.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,theyarecalledh__________.

16.R_________oppositesarepairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.

17.C____analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.

18.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions,whichareconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.

19.Ana________isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement（s）inasentence.

20.Accordingtothen____theoryofmeaning,thewordsinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

21.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby________.

A.Plato

B.Bloomfield

C.GeoffreyLeech

D.Firth

22.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents_______.

A.theconceptualistview

B.contexutalism

C.thenamingtheory

D.behaviorism

23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A. Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

B. Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.

C. Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.

D. Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.

24.“CanIborrowyourbike?

”_______“Youhaveabike.”

A.issynonymouswith

B.isinconsistentwith

C.entails

D.presupposes

25.___________isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.

A.Predicationanalysis

B.Componentialanalysis

C.Phonemicanalysis

D.Grammaticalanalysis

26.“alive”and“dead”are______________.

A.gradableantonyms

B.relationalopposites

C.complementaryantonyms

D.Noneoftheabove

27._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

A.Reference

B.Concept

C.Semantics

D.Sense 

28.___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.

A.Polysemy

B.Synonymy

C.Homonymy

D.Hyponymy

29.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled______________.

A.homonyms

B.polysemy

C.hyponyms

D.synonyms

30. Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby_______.

A.grammaticalrules

B.selectionalrestrictions

C.semanticrules

D.semanticfeatures

IV.Definethefollowingterms.

31.semantics

32.sense

33.reference

34.synonymy

35.polysemy

36.homonymy

37.homophones

38.Homographs

39.completehomonyms

40.hyponymy

41.antonymy

42.componentialanalysis

43.grammaticalmeaning

44.predication

45.Argument

46.predicate

47.Two-placepredication

V.Answ