Dairy+Glossary+乳业中英词汇对照表.docx

Dairy+Glossary+乳业中英词汇对照表.docx

《Dairy+Glossary+乳业中英词汇对照表.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Dairy+Glossary+乳业中英词汇对照表.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Dairy+Glossary+乳业中英词汇对照表

DairyGlossary乳业词汇

AcidRinse-Partoftheequipmentcleaningprocessforstainlesssteelandrubberparts,removesfat,proteinandmineralsandalsoreducesbacteria.（SeeEquipmentSanitization）酸冲洗：

专门针对设备中的不锈钢和橡胶部分的冲洗过程。

清洗油脂、蛋白质、矿物质同时也有杀菌的效果。

（参见：

设备消毒）

Acute-Usedtodescribediseasewheresymptomsarereadilyevident.Treatmentisgenerallyrequired.急性病

Alley-Awalkingareaforcattlewithinabarnsuchasaloafingalley,feedingalleyorcrossalley（walkway）fromabarntothemilkingparlor.

小径：

奶牛等动物在牛舍内活动的小径（细长型小径、喂食小径、交叉小径---从谷仓到挤奶间）

AlleyScraper-A"V"shapedmechanicalbladethatisdraggedoveranalleybychainorcabletopullmanuretocollectionchannelattheendofthealley（orpossiblythecenterofthebarn）.Thebladethencollapsesandisdrawnbacktotheoppositeendofthealley.小径刮刀（粪便用）：

专门将小径内的牛粪等物质运出小径。

Antibiotic-Ametabolicproductofonemicroorganismorachemicalthatinlowconcentrationsisdetrimentaltoactivitiesofspecificothermicroorganisms.Examplesincludepenicillin,tetracycline,andstreptomycin.Noteffectiveagainstviruses.Adrugthatkillsmicroorganismsthatcausemastitisorotherinfectiousdisease.

抗生素：

盘尼西林、tetracycline（四环素）、streptomycin（链霉素）；只针对细菌，对病毒无效，可消灭乳腺炎或其他传染性疾病致病菌。

AntibioticResidues-Thepresenceoftracesofantibioticsortheirderivativesinmilkormeat.抗生素残留：

抗生素在肉类或其他奶制品中的残留或衍生物。

AntibioticTestKit-Testkitforuseonthefarmtodetectresiduesofantibioticsinmilkbeforethemilkispickedupfordeliverytotheplant.

抗生素测试工具箱：

在牛奶从牧场运至加工车间前，用工具箱来检测抗生素残留。

AutomaticDetacherorAutomaticTake-off-Adeviceforsensingtheendofmilkflowinthemilkingmachinewhichshutsofthemilkingvacuumandreleasesthemilkingmachinefromthecow'sudder.

自动脱离器（挤奶用）：

检测挤奶机中的奶流是否停止输送，停止输送后装置自动从奶牛的乳房处脱离。

BarnCleaner-Usuallyachainlinkedsystemofpaddlesthatmovedmanurefromgutters,upachute,intoawaitingmanurespreader.Mostoftenseenintie-stallorstanchionbarns.

牛舍清洗设备：

主要通过一个桨状装置将牛粪从排水沟中移至斜槽内再转至推粪器中来清理牛的粪便。

BeddedPack-Openhousinginabarnthatiscommonlyusedinconjunctionwithanoutsidefeedingarea.牛舍中的开放区域，和牛舍外的饲料喂食区相连。

Bedding-Materialusedtoabsorbmoistureandprovidecushion.Itiseasilycleanedtoprovideaclean,drysurfaceandreducetheincidenceofmastitis.Possiblebeddingmaterialsinclude:

straw,sawdust,woodchips,sand,groundlimestone,separatedmanuresolids,shreddednewspaper,cornstalks,bark,peanuthulls,sunflowerhullsandricehulls.

草垫：

用来吸收水分、提供底层铺垫的材料。

简易清洗后易干且较为清洁，可以减小乳腺炎的患病几率。

常见材质包括：

草垛、锯屑、木屑（木片）、沙子、地表石灰、固态粪便、报纸碎片、玉米杆、树皮、花生壳、瓜子壳、粗糠（稻谷壳）

Biosecurity-Anyofabroadrangeofpracticesenforcedatadairyfarmtopreventtransmittalofpathogensfromothersourcesbyfeed,cattle,people,orotheranimals.

生物安全性：

为防止来自牧场饲料、奶牛、工人或其他动物携带病原体而造成交叉感染的一系列措施。

BlindQuarter-Aquarterofanudderthatdoesnotsecretemilkoronethathasanobstructionintheteatthatpreventstheremovalofmilk.Anonfunctionalmammarygland.

盲乳区：

乳腺上的非功能性部分。

奶牛乳房中不分泌乳汁的区域；或是由于奶头闭塞造成的不排乳。

Bovine-Referstocattleoroxen.牛

BrisketBoard-Araisedpartofthefreestallplatformabout6.5feetinfrontofrearofthestalltokeepcowspositionedproperlywhilelying.Usuallymadeofwoodorplastic,butoccasionallyconcrete.散养台中凸起的一部分，位于畜栏（stall）后方6.5尺处，主要功能是确保牛在横卧时姿势得当。

通常是木质或塑料制，但也有混凝土（concrete）材质的。

BrokenUdder-Termusedtodescribeanudderthatislooselyattachedorpendulous.破损乳房：

牛乳房松弛或下垂。

BucketMilkingSystem-Asysteminwhichthemilkcomingfromthecowisdrawnintoabucketorpailandmanuallytransferredtoacollectionareaorthemilkhouse.

提桶式挤奶机：

原奶直接从奶牛体内流入提桶内，再由工人将其转移至奶厂。

Bull-Asexuallymature,uncastratedbovinemale.

公牛：

指未阉割的性成熟雄性牛。

BulkTank-Arefrigerated,stainlesssteelvesselinwhichmilkiscooledquicklyto2to4°C（35-39°F）andstoreduntilcollectedbyabulktanktruckforshippingtothemilkplant.集液罐Bunk-Afeedtroughorfeedingstationforcattle.饲料草

Bunker-（SometimescalledBunkerSilo）Aflatrectangularstructurewithconcretefloorsandwallsusedtoensileandstoreforages.青贮槽，用来贮藏饲草

Butterfat乳脂

Calf-Ayoungmaleorfemalebovine.Usuallyreferredtoascalvesuntilreachingsexualmaturity.犊牛

Cannula-Aspecialtubedesignedforplacingdrugsintotheudderthroughtheteatendandstreakcanal.

乳房插管，通常通过乳头末端和乳头管向乳房注射药物。

ChalkSticks-Usedtomarktreated,fresh,orspecial-needscows.

对已经接受过治疗、刚出生的或有特殊需求的奶牛进行标记的粉笔

CheeseCurd-Theclumpsofcaseinandothermilkcomponentsthatareformedduringthecheesemakingprocess.Thesecurdsarethenpressedintoblocksorbarrelsforproperagingandcuringofthecheese.

凝乳：

在奶酪制作过程中形成的酪蛋白块或由其他牛奶成分组成的块状物。

这些乳块随后会被压制入乳砖或乳桶以备奶酪的调制和固化。

Churning-Theprocessofstirringandagitatingcreamintheprocessofmakingbutter.

Churningcausesthefatglobulesincreamtoclumptogetherandseparatefromtheliquid.搅乳。

在制作黄油的过程中搅拌奶油。

搅乳会在奶油中形成与液体相分离的脂肪球。

Chronic-Usedtodescriberecurringsymptomsordisease.慢性的

Clinical-Symptomsarepresent,supportivetherapyortreatmentisnecessary.

Colostrum-Firstmilkfollowingcalving.Highinfat,protein,andimmunoglobulinsthatmaybedirectlyabsorbedbythenewborncalfinitsfirst24hoursoflife.

初乳。

产犊用初乳。

脂肪、蛋白质含量高，初乳中富含的免疫球蛋白可在犊牛出生的24小时内被直接吸收。

CommodityStorage-Usuallyasteelframedshedthatprovidesstorageforcommodityfeeds,suchascottonseed,brewersgrains,choppedhay,etc.

商品仓储区：

存放商品饲料（如棉籽、啤酒槽、碎干草等）

CompostingPad-Aconcreteorhardpackedsurfacethatprovidesanareaonwhichmanureanddiscardedfeedmaybecompostedwithreadyaccesstoaeratethecompostingmaterials.堆肥垫：

混凝土或硬质结构表层，将牛粪以及废弃饲料置于其上，可形成堆肥。

Concentrates-Highenergyorhighproteinfeedsconsistingprimarilyoftheseedoftheplant,

butwithoutstemsandleaves.

精饲料：

不包含杆类和树叶主要由植物种子提炼而成的具有较高能量值和蛋白质含量的饲料。

Conformation-Thebodyformorphysicaltraitsofananimalorpartsoftheanimalinthecaseofudderconformation.体形；局部形态。

Contagious-Diseasethatcanbepassedfromonecowtoanotherthroughanumberofpossibleways.传染病

CornBelt-TheareaoftheUnitedStateswherecornisaprincipalcashcrop,includingIowa,Indiana,mostofIllinois,andpartsofKansas,Missouri,Nebraska,SouthDakota,Minnesota,Ohio,andWisconsin.玉米带

Cow-Amaturefemalebovine.Usuallyreferringtoanydairyfemalesthathaveborneacalf.Somemayconsiderfemaleshavinggivenbirthonlyonceas"first-calfheifers"untiltheyhaveasecondcalf.母牛

CowTrainer-Atinorwirestructuresupportedafewinchesaboveacowtopreventherfromsoilingtheplatformofherstallbyadministeringagentleelectricshockifshearchesherbacktourinateordefecatewhiletoofarforwardinthestall.

驯牛器：

防止母牛随地大小便的一种类似于监狱电网的装置。

但电压较小。

Coverall-Abrandname,butcommonlyreferringtoanyofagroupofhooptypebarnswithopaqueormylarfabriccoversoveratubularsteelframe.

牛舍的一种类型不透明，不传热的聚酯薄膜覆盖在管状金属支架上

Crate-Anelevatedstallforacalfinanindoorfacility.板条箱

CrowdGate-Amotorizedormanualgateattheendoftheholdingpen（临时畜栏）thatmaybemovedforwardtoguidecowstowardtheentrancetothemilkingparlor.赶牛闸

Cull-Toremoveacowfromtheherd.Cullingreasonsincludevoluntarycullingofcowsforlowmilkproduction,orinvoluntarycullingofcowsforreasonsofhealthorinjury.劣质牛

CullCow-Acowhavingbeenidentifiedtoberemovedfromtheherdorhavingrecentlyleft.宰杀牛

Culture-Inmicrobiology,apopulationofmicroorganismsinagrowthmediumortheactofgrowingbacteriainmediaforidentification.Apureculturecontainsonlyorganismsthatinitiallyarosefromasinglecell.Culturesareusedinmanufacturingcultureddairyproductsandmostcheeses.培养（皿）

DairyCow-Abovinefromwhichmilkproductionisintendedforhumanconsumption,oriskeptforraisingreplacementdairyheifers.奶牛

DairyHerdImprovement（DHI）-AspecifictestingplanwhichrequiressupervisionandcompliancewithallofficialDHIrules.奶牛性能测试

DairyHerdImprovementAssociation（DHIA）-Anorganizationwithprogramsandobjectives

intendedtoimprovetheproductionandprofitabilityofdairyfarming.Aidsfarmersinkeepingmilkproductionandmanagementrecords.

DairyHerdImprovementRegistry（DHIR）-AmodificationoftheDHIAprogramtomakemilkproductionrecordsacceptablebythespecificdairybreedassociations.奶牛改良登记制DHIRecords-GenerictermusedtorefertorecordscomputedbytheDairyRecordProcessingCenters.

DHISupervisor-AnofficiallytrainedandDHIA-certifiedemployeequalifiedtocollectmilksamplesandrecordmilkweightsonthefarmforallofficialtypesoftestingplans.

DairySteer-Aneuteredmaleofanyofthedairycattlebreeds.The"dairysteers"areraisedformeatproductionandusuallymanagedlikebeefcattle.阉割乳牛

Dam-Motherorfemaleparentinapedigree.母兽

Denitrification-Thebiochemicalreductionofnitrateornitritetogaseousnitrogen,eitherasmolecularnitrogenorasanoxideofnitrogen.脱氮

DirectMicroscopicSomaticCellCount（DMSCC）-Microscopiccountoftheactualnumberof

somaticcellsinmilk.ThissystemisusedtocheckandverifyelectroniccellcountmachinesusedinDHIlaboratories.

直接显微镜体细胞技术法：

用来检查并核对DHI实验室中所使用的电子细胞计数器

Dock-Toremoveacow'stail.Thispracticemaykeepcowsudderscleaner,butmayalsoresultincowsbeinglesscontent,especiallyinflyseason.剪尾

DownerCow-Acowunabletoariseduetodiseaseorinjury.起立不能牛

DryCow-Acowthatisnotlactatingorsecretingmilkafterithascompletedalactationperiodfollowingcalving.不泌乳牛

DryLot-Anopenlotthatmaybecoveredwithconcrete,butthathasnovegetativecover.GenerallyusedasexerciseareasinmostofUS,butmaybeusedasprimarycowhousinginthemorearidclimates.饲养场

Edem