高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 89.docx

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 89.docx

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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day89

高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day89

Passage1

AnenvironmentalgroupcalledtheFoodCommissionisunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofthesaleofbottledwaterfromJapan.Thewater,itangrilyarguesinpublic,hastraveled10,000“foodmiles”beforeitreachesWesterncustomers.“TransportingwaterhalfwayacrosstheworldissurelytheextremelystupiduseoffuelwhenthereisplentyofwaterintheUK.”Itisalsoworriedthatwearewastingourfuelbybuyingprawns（对虾）fromIndonesia（7,000foodmiles）andcarrotsfromSouthAfrica（5,900foodmiles）.

Countingthenumberofmilestraveledbyaproductisastrangewayoftryingtotellthetruesituationoftheenvironmentaldamagedonebyanindustry.Mostfoodistransportedaroundtheworldoncontainershipsthatareextremelyenergy-efficient（高能效的）.Itshouldbenotedthatatonofbuttertransported25milesinatrucktoafarmers'marketdoesnotnecessarilyuselessfuelonitsjourneythanasimilarproducttransportedhundredsofmilesbysea.Besides,theideaof“foodmiles”ignorestheamountoffuelusedintheproduction.ItispossibletocutdownyourfoodmilesbybuyingtomatoesgrowninBritainratherthanthosegrowninGhana;thedifferenceisthattheBritishoneswillhavebeenraisedinheatedgreenhousesandtheGhanaianonesintheopensun.

Whattheideaof“foodmiles”doesprovide,however,isthechancetocutoutThirdWorldcountriesfromFirstWorldfoodmarkets.Thenumberofmilestraveledbyourfoodshould,asIseeit,beregardedasasignofthesuccessoftheglobal（全球的）tradesystem,notasignofdamagetotheenvironment.

1.TheFoodCommissionisangrybecauseitthinksthat______.

A.UKwastesalotofmoneyimportingfoodproducts

B.someimportedgoodscauseenvironmentaldamage

C.growingcertainvegetablesdamagestheenvironment

D.peoplewasteenergybuyingfoodfromothercountries

2.Thephrase“foodmiles”inthepassagereferstothedistance______.

A.thatafoodproducttravelstoamarket

B.thatafoodproducttravelsfromonemarkettoanother

C.betweenUKandotherfoodproducingcountries

D.betweenaThirdWorldcountryandaFirstWorldfoodmarket

3.BycomparingtomatoesraisedinBritainandinGhana,theauthortriestoexplainthat______.

A.BritishtomatoesarehealthierthanGhanaianones

B.GhanaiantomatoestastebetterthanBritishones

C.cuttingdownfoodmilesmaynotnecessarilysavefuel

D.protectingtheenvironmentmaycostalotofmoney

4.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorismostprobably______.

A.asupporteroffreeglobaltrade

B.amemberoftheFoodCommission

C.asupporterofFirstWorldfoodmarkets

D.amemberofanenergydevelopmentgroup

Passage2

YouareanewmanagerattheAmericanbranchofyourGermanfirminChicago.Withafewminutestosparebetweenmeetings,yougotogetaquickcupofcoffee.

　　"Hey,David,howareyou?

"oneoftheseniorpartnersatthefirmasksyou.

　　"Good,thankyou,Dr.Greer,"youreply.You'vereallybeenwantingtomakeaconnectionwiththeseniorleadershipatthefirm,andthisseemslikeagreatopportunity.Butasyoustarttothinkofsomethingtosay,yourAmericancolleaguebreaksintostealyourspotlight.

　　"SoArnold",yourcolleaguesaystoyourboss,insuchacasualmannerthatitmakesyourGermansoulcringe（畏缩）,"Sowhat'syourSuperbowlprediction?

Imean,you'reaNinersfan,right?

"

　　Theconversationmoveson,andyouwalksilentlybacktoyourdeskwithyourcoffee.YouknowhowimportantsmalltalkisintheU.S.,andyoufeeljealousofpeoplewhocandoitwell.

　　There'snothingsmallabouttherolethatsmalltalkplaysinAmericanprofessionalculture.PeoplefromothercountriesareoftensurprisedathowimportantsmalltalkisintheU.S.andhownaturallyandcomfortablypeopleseemtodoit—withpeers,men,women,andevenwithsuperiors.Youcanbethemosttechnicallyskilledworkerintheworld,butyourabilitytoprogressinyourjobintheUnitedStatesishighlydependentonyourabilitytobuildandmaintainpositiverelationshipswithpeopleatwork.Andguesswhatskilliscriticalforbuildingandmaintainingtheserelationships?

Smalltalk.

　　WhatcanyoudoifyouarefromanothercultureandwanttolearntousesmalltalkintheU.S.tobuildrelationshipsandestablishtrust?

Workhardtohone（磨练）yourownversionofAmerican—stylesmalltalk.Watchhowothersdoit.Youdon'thavetoimitatewhattheydo;infact,thatwouldlikelybackfirebecausepeoplewouldseeyouasinauthentic.Butifyoucandevelopyourownpersonalversion,thatcangoalongwaytowardmakingyoufeelcomfortableandcompetent.

1.Theauthorintroducesthetopicofthepassageby________.

A.offeringaplot

B.describinganinterestingscene

C.makingcomparisons

D.tellingasmalljoke

2.WhatdoweknowaboutGermanpeople?

________

A.Theydon'tmakesomuchsmalltalk.

B.Theyhatemakingsmalltalk.

C.Theyusuallymakesmalltalkinworkbreaks.

D.Theyaregoodatmakingsmalltalktoo.

3.WhatmakespeoplefromothercountriessurprisedinAmericanprofessionalculture?

________

A.Americanworkers'abilitytomakeprogress.

B.Americanworkers'attitudetowardssuperiors.

C.Thespecialmeaningofsmalltalk.

D.Therolesmalltalkplaysinworksettings.

4.Whatdoes"backfire"underlinedinthelastparagraphmean?

________

A.haveawarmatmosphere

B.havetheoppositeeffect

C.haveagoodresult

D.haveahardtime

Passage3

　　Computersecurityisacontradictioninterms.Thearrivalofthe“InternetofThings”willseecomputersbakedintoeverythingfromroadsignsandMRIscannerstoartificialbodypartsandinsulin（胰岛素）pumps.Thereislittleevidencethatsuchequipmentwillbeanymoretrustworthythandesktopcomputers.Hackershavealreadyprovedthattheycantakeremotecontrolofconnectedcarsandpacemakers.

　　However,itistemptingtobelievethatthesecurityproblemcanbesolvedwithyetmoretechnicalwizardry（魔法）andacallforfurtherwatchfulness.Anditiscertainlytruethatmanyfirmsstillfailtotakesecurityseriouslyenough.Thatrequiresakindoflastinginsistencewhichdoesnotcomenaturallytonon-techfirms.Actually,thereisnowaytomakecomputerscompletelysafe.Softwareishugelycomplex.Acrossitsproducts,Googlemustmanagearound2billionlinesofsourcecode—errorsareunavoidable.Theaverageprogramhas14separatebugs,eachofthemapotentialpointofillegalentry.SuchweaknessesareworsenedbythehistoryoftheInternet,inwhichsecuritywasanafterthought.

　　Thisisnotnecessarilyindespair.Theriskfromcheats,caraccidentsandtheweathercanneverbeavoidedcompletelyeither.Butsocietieshavedevelopedwaysofmanagingsuchrisk—fromgovernmentregulationtotheuseoflegalliability（责任）andinsurancetocreatemoresaferbehaviours.

　　Startwithregulation.Governments’firstpriorityistocontrolfrommakingthesituationworse.Terroristattacksoftenbringcallsforcodestobeweakenedsothatthesecurityservicescanbettermonitorwhatindividualsareupto.Butitisimpossibletoweakencodesforterroristsalone.ThesameprotectionthatguardsmessagingprogramslikeWhatsAppalsoguardsbankbusinessandonlineidentities.Computersecurityisbestservedbyencodingthatisstrongforeveryone.

　　Thenextpriorityissettingbasicproductregulations.Alackofprofessionalknowledgewillalwaysblocktheabilityofcomputeruserstoprotectthemselves.Sogovernmentsshouldpromote“publichealth”forcomputing.Theycouldinsistthatinternet-connectedcontentsbeupdatedwithfixeswhenfaultsarefound.Theycouldforceuserstochangedefault（默认）usernamesandpasswords.Reportinglaws,alreadyinforceinsomeAmericanstates,canrequirecompaniestoreportwhentheyortheirproductsarehacked,whichencouragesthemtofixaprobleminsteadofburyingit.

　　Mostimportant,thesoftwareindustryhasfordecadesdisclaimedliabilityfortheharmwhenitsproductsgowrong.Suchanapproachhasitsbenefits.SiliconValley’sfruitful“gofastandbreakthings”styleofinnovationispossibleonlyiffirmsrelativelyhavefreedomtoputoutnewproductswhiletheystillneedperfecting.Butthispointwillsoonbeillegal.Ascomputersspreadtoproductscoveredbyestablishedliabilityarrangements,suchascarsordomesticgoods,theindustry’sdisclaimerswillincreasinglybeagainstexistinglaws.

　　Firmsshouldrecognizethat,ifthecourtsdonotforcetheliabilityissue,publicopinionwill.Fortunately,thesmallbutgrowingmarketincyber-securityinsuranceoffersawaytoprotectconsumerswhilepreservingthecomputingindustry’sabilitytoinnovate.Afirmwhoseproductsdonotworkproperly,orarerepeatedlyhacked,willfinditsinsurancerising,urgingittosolvetheproblem.Afirmthattakesreasonablestepstomakethingssafe,butwhichisdamagednevertheless,willaskforaninsurancepayoutthatwillstopitfromgoingbankrupt（破产）.Itisherethatsomeproblemscouldperhapsbenegotiated.Onceagain,thereareexamples：

whencountlessclaimsagainstAmericanlight-aircraftfirmsthreatenedtobankrupttheindustryinthe1980s,thegovernmentchangedthelaw,limitingtheirliabilityforoldproducts.

　　Onereasoncomputersecurityissobadtodayisthatfewpeopleweretakingitseriouslyyesterday.WhentheInternetwasnew,thatwasforgivable.Nowthattheconsequencesareknown,andtherisksposedbybugsandhackingarelargeandgrowing,thereisnoexcuseforrepeatingthemistake.Butchangingattitudesandbehaviorwillrequireeconomictools,notjusttechnicalones.

1.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus________.

A.computersareusedmor