新高考英语一轮复习专题突破第Ⅱ题专题三推理判断类.docx
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新高考英语一轮复习专题突破第Ⅱ题专题三推理判断类
专题三 推理判断类题目
命题特点
根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。
常用的词有infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
考查重点
表层意思的理解与推理；深层含义的领悟与推理；同时涉及数据推断，知识推断，逻辑结论推断，表明作者态度、观点的推断等。
方法技巧
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推断；整合全文（段）信息进行推断；根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理得出结论。
Passage1
OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago，EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes，anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.
“Hey,aren'tyoufromMississippi？
”theelegant，white－hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.“I'mfromMississippitoo.”
Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.
“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi，”Weltysaid.“Ididn'tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”
TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty'snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel，herbig－cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippi.
“Myfriendssaid：
‘Nowwebelieveyourstories，’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid：
‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’”
Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.
“Idon'tmakethemup，”shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.“Idon'thaveto.”
Beauticians,bartenders，pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats，Welty'speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends，fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson，Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment（片段）ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.
1．WhathappenedwhenWeltywaswithherfriendsatthecafe?
A．Twostrangersjoinedher.
B．Herchildhoodfriendscamein.
C．Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.
D．Somepeopleheldapartythere.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了EudoraWelty在纽约请朋友吃饭时发生的有趣的故事。
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句“...anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.”和第三段中的“Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup，shealsopulledupachair.”可知两个陌生人加入了她们。
故选A。
答案：
A
2．Theunderlinedword“them”inParagr
aph6referstoWelty's________．
A．readers B.parties
C．friendsD.stories
解析：
词义猜测题。
根据上一句“Myfriendssaid：
‘Nowwebelieveyourstories，’”Weltyadded.和本句中的动词write.可知，them代替的是stories。
故选D。
答案：
D
3．WhatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinWelty'sfiction?
A．Theyliveinbigcities.
B．Theyaremostlywomen.
C．Theycomefromreallife.
D．Theyarepleasureseekers.
解析：
推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段中的“Idon'tmakethemup，”shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.“Idon'thaveto.”推知，Welty小说中的人物都来自现实生活。
故选C。
答案：
C
Passage2
Scientistshavelaunchedaprojectaimedatsolvingthemysteryofthegiantredwoodtree：
Whatallowsittogrowsotallandlivesolong？
Scientistshavebeguntakingcuttingsthattheyhopecanbeusedtomakegeneticclonesoftheancienttrees.
MembersfromBartlettTreeExpertsrecentlyclimbedalmost300feetupthreeredwoodtreesinRoy'sRedwoodsOpenSpacePreserveinMarinCounty，Calif.，tocollectsamplesofnewgrowthaspartofanefforttoclonesomeoftheoldestandbiggestredwoodtreesinthewesternUSA.
Theprojectwilltakegeneticmaterialfromthetreestocreatea“livinglibrary”soresearcherscanstudywhatallowsthesetreestobecomethetallestandlargestlivingthingsonEarth，saysDavidMilarchoftheChampionTreeProject，whichisworkingwithBartlettandtheTreeResearchandEducationEndowmentFundontheproject.
Milarchhopestoplanttheclonesnearuniversities.Becausetheyoungtreeswillbeidenticaltothetreesfromwhichtheywerecloned，scientistscanstudytheirgeneticswithouthavingtomaketheclimbuptheoldertreestogathersamples，whichisexpensiveanddifficult.
Althoughthishasneverbeendonebeforewithredwoods，itisstandardpracticewhenscientistsaretryingtofind“betterversions”ofplantsoranimals，saysBillLibby，aretiredprofessorofforestryattheUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeley，whohasspokenwithMilarchabouttheplans.
Theteamwillgathersamplesfromthenextsetoftreesinabouttwomonths，saysDavidMcMasterofBartlettTreeExperts.Thistime，theclimberswillbegoinguptreesthataremorethan300feettallandwillhavetouseacrossbowtoreachthelowestbranch,whichis200feethigh.
1．Whatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?
A．Ancienttreestobeclonedfor“livinglibrary”．
B．TreeResearchProjecttobecarriedoutinMarin.
C．ThreeredwoodtreestobeclimbedinCalifornia.
D．A“livinglibrary”tobebuiltinwesternUSA.
【语篇解读】 本文向我们讲述了科学家为揭开giantredwoodtree的生长秘密，进行了一系列的科学研究。
解析：
主旨大意题。
纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们介绍了对红杉树进行的研究：
搜集样本、然后创建一个“livinglibrary”，然后进行克隆，接下来研究该物种成为世界上最大、最高物种的原因。
所以A项最能概括全文。
D项只是研究的一种形式，有一定的干扰性。
答案：
A
2．ScientistsfromBartlettTreeExpertsclimbedredwoodtreesto________．
A．collectthefruitsfromabove300feet
B．haveatree-climbingraceamongscientists
C．collectinformationforlocallibraries
D．collectsamplesofnewgrowthoftheancientredwoods
解析：
细节理解题。
由第二段可知，科学家爬上redwoodtrees的目的是“tocollectsamplesofnewgrowth...”。
答案：
D
3．Milarchhopestoplanttheclonesnearuniversitiesmostprobablybecause________．
A．universitiesneedthemtobeautifythecampus
B．itisconvenientfortheresearcherstostudy
C．itiseasierforyoungstudentstoclimb
D．itcostthemlessthaninotherplaces
解析：
细节理解题。
由第四段可以看出，科学家想把克隆出的红杉树种在大学附近的原因就在于：
这样就可以直接对他们进行研究了，不用再费钱、费力地爬那些古树去采集标本了，这就为研究带来了很大的方便。
答案：
B
4．Theunderlinedword“identical”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“________”．
A．different B．strange
C．sameD．equal
解析：
词义猜测题。
下文告诉我们：
科学家把克隆出的红杉树用作研究的标本，这说明克隆出来的树和原来的树在基因方面是一样的。
所以该词和same同义。
答案：
C
5．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．
A．redwoodtreescangrowveryfastandverytall
B．itcostalotofmoneytoclimbuptheancienttrees
C．scientistsclonetheredwoodtreestoproducemorewood
D．cloningcouldprobablycreatebetterversionsofplantsoranimals
解析：
推理判断题。
前文告诉我们对研究红杉树采用的克隆的方法，倒数第二段又告诉我们这种方法能够创造出更好的品种“betterversions”。
由此可以判断D项正确。
答案：
D
Passage
3
Findingyourfirstjobafterleavingschool,collegeoruniversityisprobablythehardestjobhuntingexerciseyou'lleverface.However，therearesomesimplemethodsthatcangiveyouadvantagesoverotherfirsttimejobseekers.
Firsttimejobseekershavethehardesttimeinfindingtheirfirstjob.Inthecaseofgraduates，manyuniversitieswillhavededicatedplacementpersonnelwhowillassiststudentsinfindingtheirfirstjob.Specialisttutorsarealsolikelytohaveanetworkofindivi
dualsinthecommercialworldwhomightoccasionallytakeonrecentgraduates，soneverunderestimatethehelpthatyoucangetfromthisarea.It'salwaysworthaskingyourfellowstudentswheretheyspentanyjobplacementyearsandyoucanseeifit'sworthapproachinganyofthosecompanies.Peoplegenerallyliketohelpothers，sodon'tbeafraidtoaskforanyassistancethatyoucangetfreelylikethis.
Similarly，ifschoolandcollegeleavershaveaninterestinaparticularsubject，theyshouldtalktotheirteacherorlecturerinthatsubjectanddiscusscareeroptions.Itcouldbethattheycouldpointyouintherightdirectionbyatleastidentifyingcompaniesthatcoulduseyourparticularskills.
Theproblemthatmanyyoungerpeoplehaveisthattheysimplydon'tknowwhattheywanttodooncetheyhavefinishedtheireducation.Therefore，it'simportantforanyoneleavingeducationtounderstandtheirownstrengthsandtodeterminewhattheirparticularskillsare.ThestudentjobseekersshouldputaCV（履历）t
ogetherbasedonwhatthey'dliketheemployertoconsider.Highlightyoureducation，butinsteadoffocusingontheactualqualificationsandtalkabouttheamountoflearningthatwasinvolved.Ifyouhavecompletedanykindofworkduringyourstudentwork，becertaintomentionitandwhatyougainedfromit.
AlthoughaCVisn'ttheonlyfactorinhelpingyoufindyourfirstjob，it'sstillapotentialdoor－opener，soyoushouldmakeitadocumentthatisacompellingsalestoolforyou.
1．Fromthepassagewelearnthat________．
A．graduatesoftenunderestimatethehelpfromspecialisttutors
B．itisdefinitethatfirsttimejobseekerswillfailseveraltimes
C．afirsttimejobseekerneedn'temphasizehiseducationwhilelookingforjobs
D．itisimportantforfirsttimejobseekerstolearnsomesimplemethods
【语篇解读】 本文作者给正在找第一份工作的年轻人提供了一些有益的建议。
解析：
推理判断题。
根据第一段“...therearesomesimplemethodsthatcangiveyouadvantages...”可知，答案为D。
答案：
D
2．Whilelookingfortheirfirstjob,graduatesareadvisedtoreferto________．
A．specialisttutorsandtheirparents
B．managersofdifferentcompanies
C．specialisttutorsandtheirfellowstudents
D．placementpersonnelandemployers
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段“Specialisttutorsarealsolikelytohaveanetworkofindividuals...”和“It'salwaysworthaskingyourfellowstudents...”可知，答案为C。
答案：
C
3．Whyisitimportantforschoolandcollegeleaverstodeterminetheirparticularskills?
A．Becauseitcanhelpthemfindajobsuitableforthem.
B．Becausetheirteacherswillaskthemtotalkabouttheskills.
C．Becausetheirlecturerswillgivethemalectureabouttheskills.
D．Becausemostofthemdon'tknowabouttheirparticularskills.
解析：
推理判断题。
根据第三段“...theycouldpointyouintherightdirection...”和第四段“Theproblem...th
attheysimplydon'tknowwhattheywanttodo...”可知，答案为A。
答案：
A
4．WhatdoweknowaboutaCVoffirsttimejobseekers?
A．ACVshouldfocusonactualqualifications.
B．Theamountoflearningneedn'tbementionedinaCV.
C．I
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