EIA环境影响评价.ppt

EIA环境影响评价.ppt

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EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentZHAOMeiZOUYajunHistoryImprotanceEIAinChinaCaseAnalysisDefinationStepsDefinationofEIAAnenvironmentalimpactassessment（EIA）isanassessmentofthepossibleimpactsthataproposedprojectmayhaveontheenvironment,consistingoftheenvironmental,socialandeconomicaspects.PurposeofEIAThepurposeoftheassessmentistoensurethatdecisionmakersconsidertheenvironmentalimpactswhendecidingwhetherornottoproceedwithaproject.HistoryofEIAWiththeincreasingglobalenvironmentalawareness,environmentalimpactassessmentscommencedinthe1960s.IntheUnitedStates,environmentalimpactassessmentsfirstobtainedformalstatusin1969,whentheNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActwasreleased.HistoryofEIAFourstagesofthedevelopmentofEIAinChina:

TheFirstNationalEnvironmentalProtectionConference（第一届全国环境保护会议）washeldin1973,inwhichtheconceptofEIAwasfirstintroducedintoChina.vIntroductionandEstablishmentStage19731979HistoryofEIAvStandardandConstructionStage19791989EnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChina（forTrialImplementation）（中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行）wasreleasedin1979.中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行）规定：

一切企业、事业单位的选址、设计、建设和生产，都必须注意防止对环境的污染和破坏。

在进行新建、改建和扩建工程中，必须提出环境影响报告书，经环境保护主管部门和其他相关部门审查批准后才能进行设计。

HistoryofEIAvPerfectionStage19891998EnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasreleasedin1989.CleanProductionandPublicParticipationwereaddedintotheEISduringthestage.中华人民共和国环境保护法第十三条规定：

“建设污染环境的项目，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境管理的规定”。

“建设项目的环境影响报告书，必须对建设项目产生的污染和对环境影响作出评价，规定防治措施，经项目主管部门预审，并依照规定的程序报环境保护行政主管部门批准。

环境影响报告书经批准后，计划部门方可批准建设项目设计任务书”。

HistoryofEIAvEnhanceandExpandationStage1999presentIn2004,theenvironmentalimpactassessmentengineersystemwassetup.ThefirstEISinChinaStepsofEIAStepsofEIA1.PreparationStagevStudyrelevantdocumentsvCarryoutpreliminaryprojectanalysisandcurrentevironmentinvestigationvSelectthekeyprojectdemandingassessmentvDeterminetheassessmentgradevCompiletheworkoutlineStepsofEIA2.FormalWorkStagevProjectanalysisvCurrentenvironmentinvestigationvEnvironmentalimpactpredictionvEnvironmentalimpactassessmentStepsofEIA3.EISCompilationStagevCompiletheEIS（EnvironmentalImpactStatement）withthestatisticsandinformationfromthesecondstageImportanceofEIAvEIAisamanagementtoolforplannersanddecisionmakerstoconsidertheenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofaproject.vEIAwillhelpselectanddesignprojectswithlong-termviability（生存能力）andthereforeimprovecosteffectiveness.vTheultimatetargetofEIAistofacilitatesustainabledevelopment,whichisgoodforbothoftheenvironmentalprotectionandthedevelopmentofprojects.EIAinChinavInChina,environmentalimpactassessmentwasintroducedin1979undertheEnvironmentalProtectionLaw.vAfterseveralyearsofimplementation,theEIAsysteminChinahasdevelopedintoaframework（框架）thatissuitableforitsuniqueconditions.EIAinChinaThestrengthsofChinasEIAsystem1.SpecificstrengthswithEISsvChinasElSsdidreasonablywellinassessingtwomajorareas:

materialsconsumedorproducedfromtheproject;predictionofimpactmagnitude.2.LegalpowersvThecost-benefitanalysis（成本效益分析）,thetotalquantitycontrolofpollutantdischargesystemandcleanerproductionarethreestrongmeanstohelpthelicensedagenciesproducemoreeffectiveEIA.EIAinChinaTheweaknessofChinasEIAsystem1.PublicparticipationvThereisnodoubtthatpublicparticipationisoneoftheweakestpartoftheEIAsysteminChina,boththelowpublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandlimitedparticipationmechanismshaverestrictedpublicengagement.2.RelationshipsbetweentheEPBs（环保局）andlocalgovernmentvInChina,somelocalgovernmentsemphasizedtoomuchoneconomicdevelopment,whileoverlookedenvironmentalprotection.Asaresult,someprojectsinChinastartedbeforetheapprovaloftheenvironmentalassessment.TheweaknessofChinasEIAsystemEIAinChinaCaseAnalysis