EIA环境影响评价.ppt

1、Environmental Impact Assessment ZHAO Mei ZOU Yajun History Improtance EIA in China Case AnalysisDefination StepsDefinationofEIAAn environmental impact assessment(EIA)is an assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment,consisting of the environmental,social an

2、d economic aspects.PurposeofEIAThe purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project.HistoryofEIA With the increasing global environmental awareness,environmental impact assessments commenced in the 1

3、960s.In the United States,environmental impact assessments first obtained formal status in 1969,when the National Environmental Policy Act was released.HistoryofEIAFour stages of the development of EIA in China:The First National Environmental Protection Conference(第一届全国环境保护会议)was held in 1973,in wh

4、ich the concept of EIA was first introduced into China.v Introduction and Establishment Stage 19731979HistoryofEIAvStandard and Construction Stage19791989Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China(for Trial Implementation)（中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行）was released in 1979.中华人民共和国环境保护法（试行）规定：一切

5、企业、事业单位的选址、设计、建设和生产，都必须注意防止对环境的污染和破坏。在进行新建、改建和扩建工程中，必须提出环境影响报告书，经环境保护主管部门和其他相关部门审查批准后才能进行设计。HistoryofEIAvPerfection Stage 19891998Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China was released in 1989.Clean Production and Public Participation were added into the EIS during the stage.中华人民

6、共和国环境保护法第十三条规定：“建设污染环境的项目，必须遵守国家有关建设项目环境管理的规定”。“建设项目的环境影响报告书，必须对建设项目产生的污染和对环境影响作出评价，规定防治措施，经项目主管部门预审，并依照规定的程序报环境保护行政主管部门批准。环境影响报告书经批准后，计划部门方可批准建设项目设计任务书”。HistoryofEIAvEnhance and Expandation Stage 1999present In 2004,the environmental impact assessment engineer system was set up.ThefirstEISinChinaSt

7、epsofEIAStepsofEIA1.Preparation StagevStudy relevant documentsvCarry out preliminary project analysis and current evironment investigationvSelect the key project demanding assessmentvDetermine the assessment gradevCompile the work outlineStepsofEIA2.Formal Work StagevProject analysisvCurrent environ

8、ment investigationvEnvironmental impact predictionvEnvironmental impact assessmentStepsofEIA3.EIS Compilation StagevCompile the EIS(Environmental Impact Statement)with the statistics and information from the second stageImportanceofEIAvEIA is a management tool for planners and decision makers to con

9、sider the environmental and social impacts of a project.vEIA will help select and design projects with long-term viability(生存能力)and therefore improve cost effectiveness.vThe ultimate target of EIA is to facilitate sustainable development,which is good for both of the environmental protection and the

10、 development of projects.EIAinChinavIn China,environmental impact assessment was introduced in 1979 under the Environmental Protection Law.vAfter several years of implementation,the EIA system in China has developed into a framework(框架)that is suitable for its unique conditions.EIAinChinaThe strengt

11、hs of Chinas EIA system1.Specific strengths with EISsvChinas ElSs did reasonably well in assessing two majorareas:materials consumed or produced from the project;prediction of impact magnitude.2.Legal powersvThe cost-benefit analysis(成本效益分析),the total quantity control of pollutant discharge system a

12、nd cleaner production are three strong means to help the licensed agencies produce more effective EIA.EIAinChinaThe weakness of Chinas EIA system1.Public participationvThere is no doubt that public participation is one of the weakest part of the EIA system in China,both the low public awareness of e

13、nvironmental protection and limited participation mechanisms have restricted public engagement.2.Relationships between the EPBs(环保局)and local governmentvIn China,some local governments emphasized too much on economic development,while overlooked environmentalprotection.As a result,some projects in China started before the approval of the environmental assessment.The weakness of Chinas EIA systemEIAinChinaCaseAnalysis