高考英语全国通用版精准提分练考前冲刺卷含答案2.docx

高考英语全国通用版精准提分练考前冲刺卷含答案2.docx

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高考英语全国通用版精准提分练考前冲刺卷含答案2

考前冲刺卷

（二）

第一部分　听力（略）

第二部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节　（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Thoughtheymayoftenbethoughtofasservicesfortravelers，ferriesareoftenignoredastouristopportunities.Incitiesandregionsallovertheworld，ferriesofferanadvantagepointoftopdestinations.

StatenIslandFerry

Takeafamousrideinoneoftheworld’sgreatestcities；NewYork’sStatenIslandFerryisfreeallday，everyday.Onthis25minutetripbetweenManhattanandStatenIsland，passengerswillgetafreshviewoftheStatueofLibertyandEllisIsland.

GoldenHornFerry

TheBosporusisanarrow，naturalstraitlocatedinnorthwesternTurkey，whichcarriesmanyaboatbetweenitsEuropeanandAsianshores.Ferrieshereoffer20minutetripsorsixhourtoursintotheGoldenHorn.Bothfeature（以……为特色）marksmadeonthecityby13differentcivilizations，includingtheEgyptiansandBulgarians.

StarFerry

TheStarFerrytravelsbetweenKowloonandHongKongIsland，providingscenesofstrikingcoloratsunsetintheskyandagainsttheskyline.ThetwolevelShiningStarferryisareinventionofboatsfromthe1920sandofferstoursoftheharbor.

AlaskaMarineHighwaySystem

Thoughmanycitieshosteyecatchingferryrides，otherlocationsprovidewaterjourneysofamuchgreaterrange.Coveringmorethan3,500miles，theAlaskaMarineHighwaySystemstretchesalongthecoastfromsouthernWashingtontotheAleutianIslands.Onthisvoyage，travelerscanseewildlifeincludingwhalesandbears，thelargestnationalforestintheU．S.，andAlaskanativevillages.Whileonthejourney，travelerscanbookatwoorfourpersoncottageorputupatentononeoftheferries.

Eachwithitsownsetofsightsandexperiences，ferriessharejustonething—anewangletoredescribeyourfavoriteplace.

语篇解读　本文介绍了四种渡轮，每一种渡轮都会带给游客独特的风光和体验，虽各有特点，但它们有一点相同之处：

让游客从一个全新的角度欣赏自己喜爱的地方。

1．Whichisrecommendedtothoseinfavoroffreeferries?

A．StarFerry.

B．StatenIslandFerry.

C．GoldenHornFerry.

D．AlaskaMarineHighwaySystem.

答案　B

解+析　细节理解题。

根据StatenIslandFerry部分中的“NewYork’sStatenIslandFerryisfreeallday，everyday.”可知，StatenIslandFerry是免费的。

2．What’sspecialabouttheShiningStarferryamongthefourferries?

A．Ittravelsbetweentwocountries.

B．Theferrywasbornoutofoldboats.

C．Itstourstakethelongesttime.

D．Itprovidesservicesinevenings.

答案　B

解+析　细节理解题。

根据StarFerry部分中的“ThetwolevelShiningStarferryisareinventionofboatsfromthe1920s”可知，ShiningStarferry改装自20世纪20年代的旧船，这正是它的特别之处。

3．WhatcantravelersexperiencethroughtheAlaskaMarineHighwaySystem?

A．Localmountainvillages.

B．TheStatueofLiberty.

C．U.S.’slargestnationalforest.

D．Strikingcoloratsunset.

答案　C

解+析　细节理解题。

根据AlaskaMarineHighwaySystem部分中的倒数第二句“Onthisvoyage，travelerscanseewildlifeincludingwhalesandbears，thelargestnationalforestintheU．S.，andAlaskanativevillages.”可知答案。

4．Whatisthecommoncharacteristicoftheseferries?

A．TheyprovidefantasticEuropeanrides.

B．Theyfeatureancientcivilizations.

C．Theyofferatleasthalfanhour’sride.

D．Theyhelptravelersappreciateviewsalongtheway.

答案　D

解+析　推理判断题。

根据文章对四种渡轮的介绍和最后一段可知，这些渡轮有一点相同之处，那就是让游客可以从一个全新的角度欣赏自己喜爱的地方。

D项和这一信息匹配，故选D。

B

Thinkofaseedburiedinapot.It’sdarkdownthereinthepottingsoil.There’snolight，nosunshine.Sohowdoesitknowwhichwayisupandwhichwayisdown？

Itdoesknow.Seedsroutinelysendshootsuptowardthesky，androotstheotherway.Darknessdoesn’tconfusethem.Somehow，theygetitright.

Moreamazingly，ifyouturnaseedling（秧苗）orawholebunchofseedlingsupsidedown，asThomasAndrewKnightoftheRoyalSocietydidaround200yearsago，thetipsandrootsoftheplantwillsense，“Hey，I’mupsidedown，”andwillwiggle（扭动）theirwaytotherightdirection，doingaUturn.

Howdotheyknow？

AccordingtobotanistDanielChamovitz，ThomasKnightabout200yearsagoassumedthatplantsmustsensegravity.Knightproveditwithacrazyexperimentinvolvingaspinningplate.

Heattachedabunchofplantseedlingsontoadisc.Theplatewasthenturnedbyawaterwheelpoweredbyalocalstreamataspeedof150revolutionsperminuteforseveraldays.

Ifyou’veeverbeenatanamusementparkinaspinningteacup，youknowthatbecauseofcentrifugal（离心的）forceyougetpushedawayfromthecenterofthespinningobjecttowardtheoutside.

Knightwondered，wouldtheplantsrespondtothecentrifugalpullofgravityandpointtheirrootstotheoutsideofthespinningplate？

Whenhelooked，that’swhatthey’ddone.Everyplantonthedischadrespondedtothepullofgravity，andpointeditsrootstotheoutside.Therootspointedout，andtheshootspointedin.SoThomasKnightprovedthatplantscananddosensethepull.

语篇解读　本文为说明文。

植物能辨别方向，但植物是怎么做到的呢？

事实是，植物通过感知引力来辨别方向。

作者借助Knight的圆盘试验说明植物确实能够感知到引力。

5．HowdoestheauthorwriteabouttheyoungseedlinginParagraph2?

A．Bylivelydescription.

B．Byaccuratestatement.

C．Byobjectivepresentation.

D．Bygentlepersuasion.

答案　A

解+析　写作手法题。

从第二段中的“‘Hey，I’mupsidedown，’andwillwiggle（扭动）theirwaytotherightdirection，doingaUturn.”可知，作者对这株幼苗的描写十分生动形象。

6．Whatdeterminesthedirectiontheplantschoose?

A．Soil.B．Sunshine.

C．Darkness.D．Thepulloftheearth.

答案　D

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第一段可知，土壤、阳光和黑暗均不决定植物对方向的判定；根据第三段的内容和最后一段Knight的圆盘试验结果可知，地球引力影响植物对方向的判定。

7．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A．WhatDoesaPlantKnow?

B．WhichDirectionDoPlantsGrowin?

C．HowDoPlantsDecide：

UporDown?

D．WhyDoPlantsGrowTowardstheSun?

答案　C

解+析　标题归纳题。

本文重点讲述的是植物是怎么辨别生长方向的（通过感知引力）。

故选C。

C

Inourresearch，wesurveyednearly1,400consumersaboutwhattheyhadeatenoverthelast24hoursandhowoftentheyboughtfoodsatsupermarkets.Wealsotooknoteofindividualcharacteristics.Whenitcametomakingunhealthyfoodchoices，aconsumer’sindividualcharacteristicsmatteredmorethanwheretheyshopped.

Youngconsumerswerelesslikelytoeatfruitsandvegetables.Peoplewithoutcollegedegreesconsumedsignificantlymoresugarandbutter.Withageandeducationcamebettereatinghabits.Olderpeopleandcollegegraduatesatemorefruitsandvegetables.

Theclearroleplayedbytheseconnectionsarguesforapproachestohelpingpeopleimprovethedietchoicestheymake.Particularlywhenitcomestoeatinglessjunkfood，targetedinterventions（干预）areneededinadditiontobuildingsupermarketsandstockingthemwith“goodforyou”foods.Policymakersshouldconsiderputtinginplaceprovenstrategies（策略）thatpushconsumerstochangetheirshoppingbehaviors，suchastaxingfoodshighinaddedsugars.

In2014，BerkeleybecamethefirstcityintheU．S.toputataxonsugarsweeteneddrinks，andconsumptionofsuchdrinksdroppedbymorethan20percent.InMexico，an8percenttaxonhighcaloriefoodsputinplacethesameyearreducedjunkfoodpurchasesbyabout5percent.

EvidencethatpeoplewithlowerlevelsofeducationmaybemorelikelytoreducetheirconsumptionofsugarsweeteneddrinksinthefaceofsuchataxalsocomesfromMexico.WithmoreU．S.citiesfollowingsuit，muchneededadditionalresearchshouldfollowonwhetherthesetaxeseffectivelyreduceconsumption.

Somestrategiesthatarenotobviousandareaimedatchangingindividualbehaviorsalsocouldmakeadifferenceineatingandshoppinghabits.Instoremarketing—whereandhowfoodsareput—hasshownpromiseofincreasingthesalesofhealthyfoodsinsupermarketsoflowincomeneighborhoods.

Technologymayalsoplayarole.Researchhasshownthatjustbeingexposedtoelectronicallydelivereddietaryfeedback（反馈），includingadviceonhowtoeatmorefruitsandvegetables，ledtoincreasedconsumptionofsuchfoodsamonglowerincomeindividualswithlowerlevelsofeducation.

语篇解读　本文为议论文。

研究发现，个人特点，如年龄和受教育程度，与个人饮食习惯存在关联。

对此，作者提到从税收政策、市场营销和科技三个方面来改善个人饮食习惯。

8．Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreefromthefirstparagraph?

A．Personaltastesvarygreatly.

B．Youarewhatyoueat.

C．Youeatwhatyouare.

D．Moresupermarketsshouldbebuilt.

答案　C

解+析　推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“aconsumer’sindividualcharacteristicsmatteredmorethanwheretheyshopped”可知，在选择食品时，消费者的个人特点要比购物地点更有决定性，因为年龄和受教育程度决定购买食品的种类，进而形成饮食习惯，即你的个人特点决定你的饮食习惯。

第二段对此阐释得更加清楚，故C项最佳。

9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“connections”inParagraph3referto?

A．Educationbackgroundsdecideeconomicincome.

B．Ageandeducationaffectthechoicesoffoods.

C．Olderconsumerstendtobuycheapfoods.

D．Individualcharacteristicsinfluencewheretoshop.

答案　B

解+析　词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“Withageandeducationcamebettereatinghabits.”可知，饮食习惯受年龄和受教育程度的影响，故此处connections指上文提及的年龄和受教育程度与个人饮食习惯之间的关联。

故选B。

10．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthetaxes?

A．Doubtful.B．Opposed.

C．Indifferent.D．Cautious.

答案　D

解+析　观点态度题。

从第四段的数字可知，作者认为征税政策在特定城市的确有效，再结合第五段最后一句可知，作者认为征税政策的效果还需进一步论证，故作者对征税政策是持谨慎态度的。

故选D。

11．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthetext?

A．Adviceonimprovingeatinghabits.

B．Theimportanceofhealthyfoods.

C．People’sdifferentfoodpreferences.

D．Alatestresearchdiscovery.

答案　A

解+析　主旨大意题。

作者开篇提到一项研究发现，由此引出改善个人饮食习惯的几种方法。

故作者主要在文中谈了改善个人饮食习惯的方法。

故选A。

D

Nottoolongago，oneofmydaughter’smiddleschoolteacherstoldmethatmydaughterwasspendingalotoftimeonherphoneduringclass.Thisdidn’tsurpriseme.IamafilmmakerandI’mmakingthedocumentary（纪录片）“Screenagers：

GrowingUpintheDigitalAge”preciselybecauseIknowhowstronglytechnologyattractsyouthandhowconfusedweareasasocietyaboutwhattodoaboutthat.

Thismonth，theScreenagersteamandIcompletedasurveyofpeoplewhowereinterestedinthetopicofourfilmtogatherdataonmiddleschoolphonerules.Morethan1,200middleschoolparentsintheUnitedStatesresponded.Twostrikingfindingsappeared：

·55%oftheparentssaidtheirchildren’smiddleschoolsnowallowcellphoneuse