高考英语全国通用版精准提分练考前冲刺卷含答案2.docx

1、高考英语全国通用版精准提分练考前冲刺卷含答案2考前冲刺卷(二)第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThough they may often be thought of as services for travelers，ferries are often ignored as tourist opportunities.In cities and regions all over the world，ferries offer an advantage poin

2、t of top destinations.Staten Island FerryTake a famous ride in one of the worlds greatest cities；New Yorks Staten Island Ferry is free all day，every day.On this 25minute trip between Manhattan and Staten Island，passengers will get a fresh view of the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island.Golden Horn Fe

3、rryThe Bosporus is a narrow，natural strait located in northwestern Turkey，which carries many a boat between its European and Asian shores.Ferries here offer 20minute trips or sixhour tours into the Golden Horn.Both feature(以为特色) marks made on the city by 13 different civilizations，including the Egyp

4、tians and Bulgarians.Star FerryThe Star Ferry travels between Kowloon and Hong Kong Island，providing scenes of striking color at sunset in the sky and against the skyline.The twolevel Shining Star ferry is a reinvention of boats from the 1920s and offers tours of the harbor.Alaska Marine Highway Sys

5、temThough many cities host eyecatching ferry rides，other locations provide water journeys of a much greater range.Covering more than 3,500 miles，the Alaska Marine Highway System stretches along the coast from southern Washington to the Aleutian Islands.On this voyage，travelers can see wildlife inclu

6、ding whales and bears，the largest national forest in the US.，and Alaskanative villages.While on the journey，travelers can book a two or fourperson cottage or put up a tent on one of the ferries.Each with its own set of sights and experiences，ferries share just one thinga new angle to redescribe your

7、 favorite place.语篇解读本文介绍了四种渡轮，每一种渡轮都会带给游客独特的风光和体验，虽各有特点，但它们有一点相同之处：让游客从一个全新的角度欣赏自己喜爱的地方。1Which is recommended to those in favor of free ferries?AStar Ferry.BStaten Island Ferry.CGolden Horn Ferry.DAlaska Marine Highway System.答案B解+析细节理解题。根据Staten Island Ferry部分中的“New Yorks Staten Island Ferry is fre

8、e all day，every day.”可知，Staten Island Ferry是免费的。2Whats special about the Shining Star ferry among the four ferries?AIt travels between two countries.BThe ferry was born out of old boats.CIts tours take the longest time.DIt provides services in evenings.答案B解+析细节理解题。根据Star Ferry部分中的“The twolevel Shini

9、ng Star ferry is a reinvention of boats from the 1920s”可知，Shining Star ferry改装自20世纪20年代的旧船，这正是它的特别之处。3What can travelers experience through the Alaska Marine Highway System?ALocal mountain villages.BThe Statue of Liberty.CU.S.s largest national forest.DStriking color at sunset.答案C解+析细节理解题。根据Alaska M

10、arine Highway System部分中的倒数第二句“On this voyage，travelers can see wildlife including whales and bears，the largest national forest in the US.，and Alaskanative villages.”可知答案。4What is the common characteristic of these ferries?AThey provide fantastic European rides.BThey feature ancient civilizations.CTh

11、ey offer at least half an hours ride.DThey help travelers appreciate views along the way.答案D解+析推理判断题。根据文章对四种渡轮的介绍和最后一段可知，这些渡轮有一点相同之处，那就是让游客可以从一个全新的角度欣赏自己喜爱的地方。D项和这一信息匹配，故选D。BThink of a seed buried in a pot.Its dark down there in the potting soil.Theres no light，no sunshine.So how does it know which

12、way is up and which way is down？It does know.Seeds routinely send shoots up toward the sky，and roots the other way.Darkness doesnt confuse them.Somehow，they get it right.More amazingly，if you turn a seedling(秧苗) or a whole bunch of seedlings upside down，as Thomas Andrew Knight of the Royal Society d

13、id around 200 years ago，the tips and roots of the plant will sense，“Hey，Im upside down，”and will wiggle(扭动) their way to the right direction，doing a Uturn.How do they know？According to botanist Daniel Chamovitz，Thomas Knight about 200 years ago assumed that plants must sense gravity.Knight proved it

14、 with a crazy experiment involving a spinning plate.He attached a bunch of plant seedlings onto a disc.The plate was then turned by a water wheel powered by a local stream at a speed of 150 revolutions per minute for several days.If youve ever been at an amusement park in a spinning teacup，you know

15、that because of centrifugal(离心的) force you get pushed away from the center of the spinning object toward the outside.Knight wondered，would the plants respond to the centrifugal pull of gravity and point their roots to the outside of the spinning plate？When he looked，thats what theyd done.Every plant

16、 on the disc had responded to the pull of gravity，and pointed its roots to the outside.The roots pointed out，and the shoots pointed in.So Thomas Knight proved that plants can and do sense the pull.语篇解读本文为说明文。植物能辨别方向，但植物是怎么做到的呢？事实是，植物通过感知引力来辨别方向。作者借助Knight的圆盘试验说明植物确实能够感知到引力。5How does the author write

17、 about the young seedling in Paragraph 2?ABy lively description.BBy accurate statement.CBy objective presentation.DBy gentle persuasion.答案A解+析写作手法题。从第二段中的“Hey，Im upside down，and will wiggle(扭动) their way to the right direction，doing a Uturn.”可知，作者对这株幼苗的描写十分生动形象。6What determines the direction the pla

18、nts choose?ASoil. BSunshine.CDarkness. DThe pull of the earth.答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第一段可知，土壤、阳光和黑暗均不决定植物对方向的判定；根据第三段的内容和最后一段Knight的圆盘试验结果可知，地球引力影响植物对方向的判定。7Whats the best title for the text?AWhat Does a Plant Know?BWhich Direction Do Plants Grow in?CHow Do Plants Decide：Up or Down?DWhy Do Plants Grow Toward

19、s the Sun?答案C解+析标题归纳题。本文重点讲述的是植物是怎么辨别生长方向的(通过感知引力)。故选C。CIn our research，we surveyed nearly 1,400 consumers about what they had eaten over the last 24 hours and how often they bought foods at supermarkets.We also took note of individual characteristics.When it came to making unhealthy food choices，a

20、consumers individual characteristics mattered more than where they shopped.Young consumers were less likely to eat fruits and vegetables.People without college degrees consumed significantly more sugar and butter.With age and education came better eating habits.Older people and college graduates ate

21、 more fruits and vegetables.The clear role played by these connections argues for approaches to helping people improve the diet choices they make.Particularly when it comes to eating less junk food，targeted interventions(干预) are needed in addition to building supermarkets and stocking them with “goo

22、d for you” foods.Policymakers should consider putting in place proven strategies(策略) that push consumers to change their shopping behaviors，such as taxing foods high in added sugars.In 2014，Berkeley became the first city in the US. to put a tax on sugarsweetened drinks，and consumption of such drinks

23、 dropped by more than 20 percent.In Mexico，an 8 percent tax on highcalorie foods put in place the same year reduced junk food purchases by about 5 percent.Evidence that people with lower levels of education may be more likely to reduce their consumption of sugarsweetened drinks in the face of such a

24、 tax also comes from Mexico.With more US. cities following suit，muchneeded additional research should follow on whether these taxes effectively reduce consumption.Some strategies that are not obvious and are aimed at changing individual behaviors also could make a difference in eating and shopping h

25、abits.Instore marketingwhere and how foods are puthas shown promise of increasing the sales of healthy foods in supermarkets of lowincome neighborhoods.Technology may also play a role.Research has shown that just being exposed to electronically delivered dietary feedback(反馈)，including advice on how

26、to eat more fruits and vegetables，led to increased consumption of such foods among lowerincome individuals with lower levels of education.语篇解读本文为议论文。研究发现，个人特点，如年龄和受教育程度，与个人饮食习惯存在关联。对此，作者提到从税收政策、市场营销和科技三个方面来改善个人饮食习惯。8Which of the following would the author agree from the first paragraph?APersonal tas

27、tes vary greatly.BYou are what you eat.CYou eat what you are.DMore supermarkets should be built.答案C解+析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a consumers individual characteristics mattered more than where they shopped”可知，在选择食品时，消费者的个人特点要比购物地点更有决定性，因为年龄和受教育程度决定购买食品的种类，进而形成饮食习惯，即你的个人特点决定你的饮食习惯。第二段对此阐释得更加清楚，故C项最佳。9What does th

28、e underlined word “connections” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AEducation backgrounds decide economic income.BAge and education affect the choices of foods.COlder consumers tend to buy cheap foods.DIndividual characteristics influence where to shop.答案B解+析词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“With age and education came better eat

29、ing habits.”可知，饮食习惯受年龄和受教育程度的影响，故此处connections指上文提及的年龄和受教育程度与个人饮食习惯之间的关联。故选B。10How does the author feel about the taxes?ADoubtful. BOpposed.CIndifferent. DCautious.答案D解+析观点态度题。从第四段的数字可知，作者认为征税政策在特定城市的确有效，再结合第五段最后一句可知，作者认为征税政策的效果还需进一步论证，故作者对征税政策是持谨慎态度的。故选D。11What does the author mainly talk about in

30、the text?AAdvice on improving eating habits.BThe importance of healthy foods.CPeoples different food preferences.DA latest research discovery.答案A解+析主旨大意题。作者开篇提到一项研究发现，由此引出改善个人饮食习惯的几种方法。故作者主要在文中谈了改善个人饮食习惯的方法。故选A。DNot too long ago，one of my daughters middleschool teachers told me that my daughter was

31、spending a lot of time on her phone during class.This didnt surprise me.I am a filmmaker and Im making the documentary(纪录片) “Screenagers：Growing Up in the Digital Age” precisely because I know how strongly technology attracts youth and how confused we are as a society about what to do about that.Thi

32、s month，the Screenagers team and I completed a survey of people who were interested in the topic of our film to gather data on middleschool phone rules.More than 1,200 middle school parents in the United States responded.Two striking findings appeared：55% of the parents said their childrens middle schools now allow cellphone use