全国翻译三级真题.docx

全国翻译三级真题.docx

《全国翻译三级真题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全国翻译三级真题.docx（88页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

全国翻译三级真题

真题2011年的

三级笔译Section1English-ChineseTranslation（50points）

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Thismonth,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammadewaterandsanitationthecenterpieceofitsflagshippublication,theHumanDevelopmentReport.

Claimsofa"waterapartheid,"wherepoorpeoplepaymoreforwaterthantherich,areboundtoattractattention.Butwhataretheeconomicsbehindtheproblem,

andhowcanitbefixed?

Incountriesthathavetroubledeliveringcleanwatertotheirpeople,alackofinfrastructureisoftentheculprit.Peopleinareasthatarenotservedbypublicutilitieshavetorelyoncostlierwaysofgettingwater,suchasitinerantwatertrucksandtrekstowells.Paradoxically,asthewatersourcesgetcostlier,thewateritselftendstobemoredangerous.Waterpipedbyutilities-totherichandthepooralike-isusuallycleanerthanwatertruckedinorcollectedfromanoutdoortank.

Theproblemexistsnotonlyinruralareasbuteveninbigcities,saidHakanBjorkman,programdirectoroftheUNagencyinThailand.Further,subsidiesmadetolocalwatersystemsoftenendupbenefitingpeopleotherthanthepoor,headded.

Theagencyproposesathree-stepsolution.First,makeaccessto20liters,or5gallons,ofcleanwateradayahumanright.Next,makelocalgovernmentsaccountablefordeliveringthisservice.Last,investininfrastructuretolinkpeopletowatermains.Thereportsaysgovernments,especiallyindevelopingcountries,shouldspendatleast1percentofgrossdomesticproductonwaterandsanitation.Italsorecommendsthatforeignaidbemoredirectedtowardtheseproblems.Clearly,thisapproachreliesheavilyongovernmentintervention,somethingBjorkmanreadilyacknowledged.Buttherearesomemarket-basedapproachesaswell.

Byofferingcut-rateconnectionstopoorpeopletothewatermainline,theprivatewaterutilityinAbidjan,IvoryCoast,hassteadilyincreasedaccesstoclean

water,accordingtotheagency'sreport.Asubsidymaynotevenbenecessary,despitetheagency'sproposals,ifacountrycanharnesstheeconomicbenefitsofprovidingcleanwater.

Peoplewhoreceivecleanwateraremuchlesslikelytodiefromwater-borne

diseases-acommonmaladyinthedevelopingworld-andmuchmorelikelytoenjoy

long,productive,taxpayinglivesthatcanbenefittheirhostcountries.Soifa

governmentistryingtoraisefinancingtoinvestinnewinfrastructure,itmight

findreceptiveearsinprivatecreditmarkets-aslongasitcanharnessthereturn.

Similarly,privatecompaniesmaycalculatethatitisworthbringingcleanwater

toanareaifitsresidentsarewillingtopaybacktheinvestmentovermanyyears.

Inthemeantime,somelocalsolutionsarebeingfound.InThailand,Bjorkman

said,somesmallcommunitiesaretakingchallengeslikewateraccessuponthemselves.

"Peopleorganizethemselvesingroupstoleveragewhatlittleresourcestheyhave

tohelptheircommunities,"hesaid."That'sespeciallytrueoutintheruralareas.

Theyinvesttheirmoneyinrevolvingfundsandsavingschemes,andtheyinvest

themselvestoimprovetheirvillages."Itisnotalwayseasytotakethesesolutions

andreplicatetheminothercountries,though.Assemblingabroadmenuofdifferent

approachescanbethefirststepinfindingtherightsolutionforagivenregionorcountry.

出处：

http:

//www.ness/worldbusiness/14iht-glob15.3535740.h

tml

Section2Chinese-EnglishTranslation（50points）

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

中国政府面临许多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。

过去几年中，平均每年有

66.7万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业发展以及公路建设工程占用，另有1万平方公里的耕地

被沙漠吞噬。

中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚至撂荒。

同时，农业基础设施损耗严重，三分之二的灌溉设施需要整修。

由于农民为增加收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。

过去十几年，全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增加130万公顷。

因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。

中国

已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。

中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及

改进农田灌溉基础设施。

近年来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府采取此项措施以提高农

民种粮的积极性。

2013年11月三级笔译实务真题

Section1:

English-ChineseTranslation（50points）

Strollthroughthefarmers'marketandyouwillhearaplethoraofIanguages

andseearainbowoffaces.DrivedownCanyonRoadandstopforhalalmeatorFilipinoporkbellyatadjacentmarkets.Alongthehighway,browsetheaisl

esofagiantAsiansupermarketstockingfreshnapacabbageandmizunaorfreshkimchi.HeadtowarddowntownandyouUseeIoncheras—tacotrucks—

onstreetcornersandhearSpanishbandamusic.Onthecity'northernedge,

youcansampleIndianchaat.

WelcometoBeaverton,aPortlandsuburbthatishometoOregon'sfastestgr

owingimmigrantpopulation.Oncearuralcommunity,Beaverton,populati

on87,000,isnowthesixthlargestcityinOregon—withimmigrationrateshi

gherthanthoseofPortland,Oregon'slargestcity.

BestknownastheworldheadquartersforathleticshoecompanyNike,Beav

ertonhaschangeddramaticallyoverthepast40years.SettledbyimmigrantsfromnortherinEuropeinthe19thcentury,todayitisaplacewhere80IanguagesfromAlbaniantoUrduarespokeninthepublicschoolsandabout30percentofstudentsspeakaIanguagebesidesEnglish,accordingtoEnglishasaSecondLanguageprogramdirectorWeiWeiLou.

Beaverton'swaveofnewresidentsbeganarrivinginthe1960s,withKoreans

andTejanos（TexansofMexicanorigin）,whowerethefirstpermanentLatino

s.InI960,Beaverton'spopulationofLatinosandAsianswaslessthan0.3p

ercent.By2000,BeavertonhadproportionatelymoreAsianandHispanicresidentsthanthePortlandmetroarea.Today,Asianscomprise10percentandHispanics11percentofBeaverton'population

MayorDennyDoylesaysthatmanyinBeavertonviewtheimmigrantswhoar

erapidlyreshapingBeavertonasasourceofenrichment.

Citizenshereespeciallyintheartsandculturecommunitythinkit'fantasti

cthatwehaveallthesedifferentpossibilitieshere,"hesays.

GloriaVargas,

50,aSalvadoranimmigrant,ownsapopularsmallrestaurant,Gloria'Secre

tCafgindowntownBeaverton.IfbveBeaverton,"shesays.

ffeellikeIbelonghere."HermothermovedhertoLosAngelesasateenager

in1973,andshemovedOregonin1979.Shelandedacovetedvendorspotin

theBeavertonFarmersMarketin1999.Nowinadditiontorunningherresta

urant,shehasoneofthemostpopularstallsthere,sellingupto200Salvado

rantamales—wrappedinbananaleavesratherthancornhusks—eachSat

urday.“hcetheybuymyfood,theyalwayscomebackformore,"shesays.

It'prettyrelaxedhere,"saysTajSuleyman,

28,bornandraisedinLebanon,andrecentlytransplantedtoBeavertontostar

tajobworkingwithimmigrantsfrommanycountries.HalfMiddleEasternand

halfAfrican,SuleymansayshewasattractedtoBeavertonspecificallybecaus

eofitsdiversity.Heservesonacity-sponsoredDiversityTaskForcesetupbyMayorDoyle.

MohammedHaque,originallyfromBangladesh,findsBeavertonverywelcomi

ng.Hisdaughter,heboasts,wasevenelectedherhighschool'homecoming

queen.

SouthAsianssuchasHaquehavetransformedBethany,aneighborhoodnor

thofBeaverton.ltisdensewithimmigrantsfromGujarat,astateinIndiaand

primarysourceforthefirstwaveofBeaverton'SouthAsianimmigrants.

ThefirstwaveofSouthAsianimmigrantstoBeaverton,mostlyGujaratisfrom

India,arrivedinthe1960sand1970s,whenthemotelandhotelindustrywas

booming.ManyboughtsmallhotelsandoriginallysettledinPortland,andth

enrelocatedtoBeavertonforbetterschoolsandbiggeryards.Thesecondwav

eofSouthAsiansarrivedduringthehigh-techboomofthe1980s,whenthes

oftwareindustry,andIntelandTektronix,reallytookoff.

ManyofBeaverton'AsiansconvergeatUwajimaya,a30,000-square-foots

upermarketnearcentralBeaverton.BernieCapell,formerspecialeventscoordinatoratUwajimaya,saysthatmanycometoshopforfreshproduceeveryd

ay.ButthebiggestgroupofshoppersatUwajimaya,sheadds,areCaucasians

Beaverton'AsianpopulationboastsasizablenumberofKoreans,whobega

ntoarriveinthelate1960sandearly1970s.

AccordingtoTedChung,anativeofKoreaandBeavertonresidentsince1978

threethingsstandoutabouthisfellowKoreanimmigrants.UponmovingtoB

eaverton,theyjoinaChristianchurch—oftenMethodistorPresbyterian—as

agatheringplace;theypushtheirchildrentoexcelinschool;andtheyshun

thespotlight.

ChungsaysheandhisfellowKoreanmigr砂workhardassmallbusinessme

n—owninggroceries,drycleaners,laundromats,delis,andsushishops—an

darefrugalsotheycansendtheirchildrentoaleadinguniversity.

Mostrecently,immigrantsfromCentralandSouthAmerica,aswellasrefuge

esfromIraqandSomalia,havejoinedtheBeavertoncommunity

ManyBeavertonorganizationshelpimmigrants.

TheBeavertonResourceCenterhelpsallimmigrantswithhealthandliteracy

services.TheSomaliFamilyEducationCenterhelpsSomalisandotherAfricanrefugeestogetsettled.AndoneBeavertonelementaryschoolevencameu

pwiththeideaofasewin”一parentsofstudentssewingtogether—towelco

meSomaliBantuparentsandbridgemajorculturaldifferences.

Historicallywhitechurches,suchasBeavertonFirstUnitedMethodistChurch,offerimmigrationministries.AndBeavertonchurchesofalldenominationshostKorean-orSpanish-languageservices.

Beaverton'MayorDoylewantsrefugeeandimmigrantleaderstoparticipate

inthetown'sdecision-making.HesetupaDivers