9AU8reading知识点归纳.docx
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9AU8reading知识点归纳
9AU8reading-grammar知识点归纳
I.重点词汇学习
A.词性变换
murder--（n.）_________
salesman--（复数）_______
bleed--（过去式）______，--（过去分词）______
enemy--（复数）______
break--（过去式）______，--（过去分词）______
breathe--（n）______
kidnap--（n）______
thief--（复数）--______
attack--（n）______
like（adj）--______
usual--（反义词）______
serious--（比较级）______，--（最高级）______
cruel--（比较级）______，--（最高级）______
die--（adj）_______--（n）_______
guilt--（adj）_______
want--（adj）_______
witness--（复数）_______
lead--（过去式）______，--（过去分词）______
B.词汇辨析：
1.besides与except
besides的意思是“除……之外（还）”，通常表示包括在内；而except是“除……之外”，表示不包括在内,相当于“but”。
EX.1.EveryonewenttothePalaceMuseum________Tom.
2._______Chinesehealsostudiedmanyothersubjects.
3.MrLingavethetextbookstoallthestudents______theoneswhohadalreadytakenthem.
4.Nooneex
ceptmyparents_______（know）anythingaboutit.
2.happen/takeplace
（1）happen不及物动词，无被动语态。
相关句型:
1）（sth.）happentosb./sth.某人/物出了某事
eg.Ifanythinghappenstothemachine,doletmeknow.
2）（sb.）happentodo…“碰巧做……”
eg.Ihappenedtobeoutwhenyoucalled.
3）Ithappenedthat…+主语从句“碰巧……”
eg.IthappenedthatIhadreadthearticleontheexamsheet.
（2）takeplace有一定的计划性，没有偶然性。
eg.TheschoolsportsmeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.
EX:
（）.Peopledidn’tknow_________duringthenight.
A.whatwashappenedB.whatthemurderhappened
C.whathappenedD.howthemurderhashappened
3.gone,lost,missing的区别
D.词汇解析：
against
（1）表示“反对”“对着”“违反”“不利于”等。
（beagainst反义词组befor）
如：
Weareallagainsthisidea.
Therewere20votesforhimand12againsthim.
（2）表示“靠着”“顶着”“迎着”“衬着”等。
如：
Hestoodwithhisbackagainstthedoor.
Hehithisheadagainstthewindow.
（3）.注意against是介词，不是动词,所以后接动词时要用动名词。
如：
I’magainst（do）anythingtillthepolicearrive.
EX.（）MrBlackstrongly______keepinganimalsinthezoo,becauseanimalsshouldalsohavetherighttoenjoyfreedom.
AforBupCagainstDdown
II.重点词组学习
严重的多muchmoreserious（注意serious比较级）
可能做某事belikelytodosth
在门口inthedoorway不见了；消失了gomissing=bemissing
因谋杀而被通缉bewantedformurder某人的电话bewantedonthephone
任何不同寻常的事anythingunusual其它地方somewhereelse
最后一次被看见正在做某事belastseendoing在犯罪现场/时间atthescene/timeofthecrime
被用刀袭击beattackedwithaknife流血致死bleedtodeath
结果asaresult尤其对...感兴趣beparticularlyinterestedin
打斗的迹象evidenceofastruggle进行（激烈地搏斗）putup（agoodfight）
一份高薪工作awell-paidjob犯有……罪beguiltyof…
被指控bechargedwith闯入电脑系统breakintocomputersystems
与某人树敌makeenemieswithsb跟某人联系的号码是……contactsbon…
谋杀案的证人thewitnesstothemurder气喘嘘嘘breatheheavily/hard=outofbreath
有证据证明…haveevidencetoprove…证明是…prove（sb）tobe…
提拱…（钱）的奖赏offerarewardof…（money）for为……导致某人被捕leadtothearrestofsb
不止一个攻击者morethanoneattacker（谓语动词为单数）做些违反法律的事dosomethingagainstthelaw
EX:
1.----Whosearethetoolsoverthere?
-----Perhapstheyarethe________（thief）.Theyleftthemtherelastnight.
2.The________（die）oftheoldscientistisagreatlosstoourcountry.
3.Theboywasseen___________（struggle）withashoplifterat7p.m.yesterdayevening.
4.Afterstealingthemoneyfromthepooroldmanagain,theboyfelteven_________（guilty）.
5.Oneofhis_________（attack）isan18-year-oldman.
6.It’sraininghardoutside._____________（因此）,wehavenochoicebuttostayathome.
7.Please____________（查明）whobrokeourwindowjustnow.
8.Inthemorningtakingawalkand_______（呼吸）somefreshairaregoodforyourhealth.（无锡）
9.Thecriminal________________（被指控）robberytwicebytheendof2010.
10.Theengineer’sflat___________（闯入）lastnight.Luckily,therewasnobodyathomethen.
III、重点句型学习
1.Whyareyoudressedlikethat,Eddie?
【解析】be/getdressedin+颜色/衣服=wear..=bein..=haveon…穿着……衣服（强调状态）
dressup盛装,打扮,装饰,伪装
dresssb./oneself给某人/某人自己穿衣服
EX.
（1）.TheChinese_______inredwhentheygetmarried.
A.dressedB.aredressedC.wearD.areworn
2.Hewaslastseenleavinghisofficeatabout7p.m.
【解析】
（1）see/hear/watch/notice
seesbdoing被动语态---beseendoing
Isawherdancingintheclassroomyesterday.（被动语态）
seesbdosth被动语态beseentodosth（改被动语态要加to）
Ioftenseehimplaythegame.（被动语态）
EX.
（1）.Helikeswatchingthegoldfish________（swim）around.
（2）.Heisoftenseen______（play）theguitar.
（5）.Shewasheard________（sing）intheroomat9lastnight.
（6）.Hewasseen______（drive）atthespeedof100kilometresanhourwhentheaccidenthappened.
（7）.Thecomputerprogrammerwaslastseen________（leave）hisofficeinNewTownat7p.m.
【注意】使役动词：
注意make/let的被动用法
（2）leave的用法:
1）离开2）使...处于某种状态3）落下...4）.....剩下
EX.“leave”的用法,说出下列句中leave的不同含义。
leaveNanjingleaveforNanjingleaveNanjingforShanghai
leavethebabyaloneIsthereanywaterleft?
leavehermykeyinmyoffice
3.Weareparticularlyinterestedinhearingformanyone（whosawanythingunusualnearUpperStreet）.
【解析】beparticularlyinterestedin尤其对...感兴趣
especially,specially,particularly辨析
①especially意为“非常地”或“尤其”，通常用于强调某事物，或表示该事物比其他谈论的事物更值得一提或重要，强调程度。
Itcanbeespeciallydifficultfordriverstoseecyclistsatnight.
Ihateinterruptions,especiallywhenI’mtryingtowork.
②specially表示“专门地”。
通常用于表示所做之事因某种特殊目的而异于平常。
Ihavecomespeciallytoseeyou.
③particularly尤其，特别，格外，通常指以不同寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处，与especially通用。
但它更强调与众不同
Heisparticularlygoodatmaths.
【练】
（1）.Weare_______（particular）gratefultohimforhistimelyhelp.
（2）.OnTeachers'Day,weallwenttoschool______toseeourteachers.
AespeciallyBspeciallyCspecialDspecific
（3）.Girlsare_________interestedinshoppingaround.
AspecialBespecialCspeciallyDespecially
4.Theyarestillworkingatthesceneofthecrimetofindoutwhetherthevictimwaskilledsomewhereelse….orkilledattheplacewherehewasfound.
【解析】注意只用whether不用if的情况
1介词+whetherThey’retalkingaboutwhethertheweatherwillbefine.
2whether+toIdon’tknowWhethertogoormot
3whether…..ornotCouldyoutellmewhetherJackwillcome.
4Whether置于句首Whethertheywilltravelabroadisnotdecided.
EX.Haveyoudecidedwhether______（go）ornot?
（）1.We’renotsure________itwillrainornottomorrow.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.Why
（）2.I'mnotsure_____hewillstayathome______goonatripthisMonday.
Awhy,orBwhether,orCif,andDwhat,or
5.DetectiveLusaidthatthevictimwasattackedwithaknifeandbledtodeathasaresult.Therewasalsoevidenceofstruggle.
6.Thevictimobviouslyputupagoodfight,saidDetectiveLu.
【解析】与putup有关的短语:
eg.putupagoodfight进行（抵抗、斗争等）
putupyourhands举起
putupadrawingofthesuspect张贴
putupagoodfightagainst与...进行斗争
eg.Wemustputupafightagainstalldifficulties.
【拓展】puton______putoff______putout______putaway______
EX.
（1）.Itisagoodhabitto_______allyourthingsincorrectplaces.（2010盐城）
A.putaway B.putup C.putout D.putoff
（2）.Oursoldiers_________abravefightagainsttheenemies.
A.brokeoutB.happenedtoC.putdownD.putup
（3）.他和疾病进行了顽强的斗争。
He____________________________________thedisease（疾病）.
7.DetectiveLuaddedthatthepolicearenowcheckingthechenceforfigerprintandclues.
【解析】addAtoB给B增加A
eg.Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomemorehotwater.
addupto总计达……，加起来总共……
eg.Thesefiguresaddupto367.
EX.
（1）.TraditionalBeijingOperawillbe_______（增加）tothemusiccoursesin200schoolsinChina.
（2）.Willyou______moresugar______yourcoffee?
A.add;upB.addto;/C.add;toD.addup;/
（4）.这个计划你有什么补充吗?
Doyouhaveanything_____________________theplan?
8.Hewaschargedwithbreakingintoseveralcomputersystemsoverthelastyear.（L.29）
【解析】1）chargesb.withsth./doingsth.
被动语态---sb.bechargedwithsth./doingsth.
eg.Thepolicechargedthemanwithstealingmoney.
2）breakinto…闯入….
eg.警察指控他闯入几家电脑系统。
EX.
（1）.Thewoman_________computercrimesbeforeshedied.
AhadbeenchargedwithBbadbeenchargedforChadchargedwithDhasbeenchargedfor
（2）.Oncetherobbers________hishouseand_________alotofmoney．
A．broke；broughtoutofB．brokedown；tookaway
C．brokeout；broughtawayD．brokeinto：
tookaway
9.Wesupposethatthevictimknewtheattacker.
【拓展】1）suppose+that从句,表"猜测、假定"。
eg.Isuppose（that）heistwenty.
2）suppose+宾语+tobe...,表"认为……是……"。
如:
eg.Mostpeoplesupposehimtobeover60.
3）.回答：
Isupposeso./Isupposenot./Idon'tsupposeso.
A:
Willhewin?
B:
Isupposeso./Isupposenot;Idon'tsupposeso.
4）.表示对说话对话的看法或意见的咨询，可用doyouthink/believe/consider/suppose/expect等句型，也可用于接特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,特殊疑问词移到主句之首。
如:
Whodoyouthinkwillwinthegame?
Whatdoyousupposemadehersuchafamouswoman?
Whichofthesemachinesdoyouthinkisthefirstuseful?
EX.
（1）.---“Ihaven’theardfromHenryforalongtime.”---“Whatdoyousuppose_________tohim?
”
A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.hadhappened
（2）.Whodoyouthink_________themoney?
A.tostealB.stealingC.tohavestolenD.stole
（3）.--Willitgoonrainingtomorrow?
---___.Therearesomanydarkcloudsinthesky.
A.Ihopeso.B.I’mafraidnot.C.Isupposeso.D.Ibelievenot.
10.However,thesuspecthadevidencetoprovethathewasatanotherplaceatthetimeofthecrime.
【解析】provesth./provesth.tobe…证实sth./证明sth.
eg.Iamunabletoprovethetruthofwhathesaid.
Sheprovedherselftobeanableteacher.
prove连系动词可省去“tobe”直接加形容词、名词
eg.Whathesaidproved（tobe）right。
/Theplanproved（tobe）asuccess.
EX.
（1）.Thedetectivehassomeevidence_______（prove）thesuspectwasatthesceneofthecrime.
（2）.Ifsomethingisconfirmed,itis_____.
A.notsureB.nottrueC.provedtobet
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