专题01 高考英语阅读理解说明文专练身心健康.docx
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专题01高考英语阅读理解说明文专练身心健康
专题012021年高考英语阅读理解说明文专练-身心健康
Passage1说明文|走路对身体有益
Olderwomenwhowalkalittleoverthreekilometerseachdaymightlivelongerthanlessactivewomenofthesameage,anewstudysuggests.
ManyAmericanshopingtostayhealthysetadailygoalof10,000steps,orabouteightkilometers.Theyoftenhavethisgoalbecausetheyarewearingelectronicdeviceswhichsetthattarget,noteresearchersintheUnitedStates.TheirfindingsappearedrecentlyinthepublicationJAMAInternalMedicine.
Butitisnotclearhowmuchintensity（强度）orspeedmatterwhencountingthehealthbenefitsofeverystep,theresearcherswrite.Theyaddthat10,000stepsperdaymightnotbetherightgoalforeveryone.
Forthestudy,researchersobserved17,000women,allintheirearly70s.Theyaskedthewomentowearaccelerometersforatleastfourdays.Accelerometersaresmalldevicesthatmeasurethenumberofstepsandtheintensityofmovement.Theresearchersfollowedupwiththewomenmuchlater,around4.3yearslater,onaverage.Sincethebeginningofthestudy,504womenhaddied.Comparedtowomenwhotooknomorethan2,718stepsdaily,thewomenwhotookatleast4,363stepsperdaywere41percentlesslikelytodie.
“Evenamodestamountofstepsisassociatedwithlowerdeathrates,"saidI-MinLee,theleadwriterofareportonthestudy."Therateofsteppingdidnotmatterintheseolderwomen:
itwasthenumberofstepsthatmattered.
Thestudyhadafewlimitations.Forexample,theresearchersonlymeasuredwomen’smovementsonce,atthestartofthestudyperiod.Itispossiblethatthewomen’sbehaviorschangedovertime.Still,theresultsare"goodnewsforolderadultswhomayhavedifficultywalkingatfasterpaces,"saidKeithDiaz,aresearcheratColumbiaUniversity.Hewasnotinvolvedinthestudy.
“Anywalkingisbetterthannothing,"Diazsaidbyemail."Withevensmallamountsofwalking,yourriskofdeathwillbesharplyreduced"Forthosewhohavedifficultywalking,otherresearchshowsthatanyformofaerobicactivityprovideshealthbenefits,"headded."Swimming,bicyclingoranyformofactivitythatiscontinuousinnaturewillprovidehealthbenefits.
32.Whatconclusioncanwecometofromthetext?
A.Peoplewhowalkabout10,000stepscanlivelonger.
B.10,000stepsperdaymightbetherightgoalforpeople.
C.Themorestepsonewalksperday,thelongerlifehemaylive.
D.Thenumberofstepsisimportantforalonglifeamongolderwomen.
33.Howisparagraph4mainlydeveloped?
A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bycomparison.
C.Bylistingstatistics.D.Byexplainingreasons.
34.WhatcanbeleanedfromwhatDiazsaid?
A.Peoplewhowalkfastwillgetmorehealthbenefits.
B.Ifpeoplehaveahabitofwalking,theriskofdeathwillbereduced.
C.Peoplewithwalkingdifficultycannotbenefitfromactivities
D.Activitiessuchasswimmingandbicyclingarenotasbeneficialaswalking.
35.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?
A.Amedicaljournal.B.Anewsreport.
C.Amagazineaboutfashion.D.Atravelerbrochure.
【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。
文章通过一个研究向大家说明了，对于老人，走了多少步很重要，每天走4363步的人比每天走不多于2718步的人死亡概率降低41%。
虽然研究也存在一些缺陷，但是可以说明只要走路就是对身体有益的。
32.主旨大意题。
根据全文，尤其第5段的内容“Anywalkingisbetterthannothing”可知，每天走的步数对身体健康很重要。
并且第而段明确指出1000步这个目标不是适用于每个人的。
所以选项AB都不正确。
选项C（走的越多越长寿）描述太偏激，也不正确。
故选D。
33.推理判断题。
根据第四段内容看出，该段主要通过列举一系列数字来说明一项研究结果。
A. Bygivingexamples 举例；B. Bycomparison对比；C. Bylistingstatistics列数据；D. Byexplainingreasons解释原因。
故选C。
34.细节理解题。
根据最后两段，尤其最后一段KeithDiaz所说的话“Anywalkingisbetterthannothing”与“Withevensmallamountsofwalking,yourriskofdeathwillbesharplyreduced”能看出，即使每天走的数量不多，也会极大地减少死亡风险，故选B。
35.推理判断题。
文章是关于健康的一项研究报道，应出现在医学杂志上。
A.medicaljournal医学杂志；B.Anewsreport.新闻报道；C.Amagazineaboutfashion.时尚杂志；D.Atravelerbrochure.旅行手册。
故选A。
文章来源的推断题在高中英语中常见。
主要有根据文体和题材特点推断文章来源或根据文章内容和结构推断文章来源。
例如如果文中出现日期、地点或通讯社名称，我们可以推知文章来自于报纸，如果文中出现网络用词（click 点击；online在线；web网络等）可以推知文章来自于网站，例如本篇文章中的第四题就属于推断文章来源题目，由文章涉及的话题（livelonger，health，death）以及文章中科学研究的举例，可以推知这篇文章出自于医学杂志。
这类题目同学们多积累这些词汇，特别是还要积累选项中的词汇（避免下次选项不认识），解题准确度会提升很多。
Passage2说明文|马拉松式的周末睡眠和健康
Thenegativehealtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan’tbechangedbymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.
Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearestillsomepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtandremoveanyilleffects.
Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption（代谢紊乱）thatwouldincreasetheirriskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinsufficientsleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrighttotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.
“Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they’regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It’sveryshort-lived,”saidKennethWright,whooversawtheresearch.“Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.It’skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn’tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlyphaseofwheresmokingusedtobe.”
Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingouttheoptional“sleepstealers”suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicdevices.Evenwhenpeopledon’thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.
32.Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?
A.Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.
B.Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.
C.People’shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.
D.Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.
33.KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto_________.
A.callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking
B.advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke
C.showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking
D.showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation
34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prioritize”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
A.Puttingtasksinorderofimportance.
B.Gettingmorethanenoughofsomethingtodepositit.
C.Cuttingdownsomethingthatisnotnecessaryanymore.
D.Treatingsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.
35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Weekendcatch-upsleepisalie.
B.Badsleephabitsareharmfultohealth.
C.Smokingisnottheworstthingtohealth.
D.Anewstudyhasanunexpecteddiscovery.
【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。
文章提到，根据一项新的研究马拉松式的周末睡眠无法改变一周中睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。
研究者发现平常睡眠的缺乏可能会导致一系列身体问题，如肥胖、糖尿症。
研究发现每周只睡五小时的实验者在两周长了3磅并引起了代谢紊乱。
虽然在周末恢复睡眠能有一定的好处，但工作日时如果又回到相同的睡眠时间，这些好处就会化为乌有。
研究者表示，人们日常生活中要优先保证睡眠以保证身体健康。
32.细节理解题。
文中第二段第一句提到“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.”研究者在做新研究之前就已经知道睡眠的缺乏会导致肥胖、糖尿病等健康危机。
havelongknown意为早就知道，即在研究前就知道。
故B项正确。
33.推理判断题。
文中第四段第一句提到“…It’sveryshort-lived”，短暂睡眠的益处是非常短暂的，同时提到“It’skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn’tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.”之前人们抽烟时并不理会当下抽烟对于健康的影响。
但现在的人们会说抽烟不是一个健康的生活方式。
此处将抽烟与睡眠缺乏做类比。
故D项正确。
34.词义猜测题。
文中最后一段第一句中出现破折号，破折号的用法为解释说明前面某词的含义。
文中提到“cuttingouttheoptional“sleepstealers”suchaswatchingtelevision”，cutout意为停止，停止“睡眠小偷”对睡眠的影响，即保证睡眠。
Prioritize意为“优先处理”，在文章中意为优先保证睡眠。
故选D。
35.主旨大意题。
文章第一段提到“马拉松式周末睡眠期无法改变一周睡眠短缺对健康的负面影响，”开篇即点题，但并不没有提到unexpected出乎意料的，故D项错误。
第二段第一句中提到，研究员很早之前就知道睡眠不足对健康的危害，但在其他段落没有继续陈述其危害故B项错误。
C项中smoking只是在倒数第二段中作为例子进行类比，故C项错误。
故选A。
Passage3说明文|良好的饮食习惯使人健康
AskanygroupofteenagersintheUKwhattheymostliketoeat,andfoodslikepizzas,curries,pasta,burgersandchipsareboundtogetmentionedandmanyyoungpeoplewouldprobablyalsolisthangingoutatthelocalfastfoodrestaurantasoneoftheirfavoritepastimes（消遣）.
Butwhatteenagersliketoeatisnotnecessarilywhattheyshouldbeeating.AccordingtotheNationalandNutritionSurvey,fartoomanyyoungpeopleintheUKbetweentheagesof14and18consumetoomuchfatsugarandsaltintheirdietandtakeintoomanycalories.Meanwhiletheirintakeofstarchycarbohydrates（含大淀粉的碳水水化合物）,fibre,iron,vitaminsandcalciumistoolow.
Foragrowingbody,eatingfoodscontainingplentyofcalcium,suchasmilk,yoghurtandcheese,isparticularlyimportantascalciumisessentialforthedevelopmentofhealthy,strongbones.Similarly,foodsthatarerichinironaregoodforyoung,rapidlydevelopingbodies,soredmeat.bread,greenvegetables,driedfruitandtonified（使增强体质的）breakfastcerealsarealsorecommended.
Itisduringourteenageyearsthathabitsoflifestylecanbecomeentrenched（根深蒂固的），soitiscrucial（全关重要的）thatyoungpeopleareeducatedaboutwhatfoodsarcgoodforthem.In2005,inanattempt10changeeatinghabitsandopenteenagers’mindstonewflavoursandnewtastes.celebritychefJamieOliverlauncheda"FeedMeBetter”campaign.AspartofatelevisionseriesJamleSchooldrivers.heworkedwithteachersandcooksinanumberofschoolsacrosstheUKtoprovidemorehealthy.nutritiousschoolmealoptions.Althoughtherewasinitialresistancefromsonic
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