高中英语必修四unit1-grammar主谓一致.ppt
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Subject-verbAgreement主谓一致Subject-VerbAgreement主谓一致是指句子的_与_在_和_上必须保持一致主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致的三个原则:
1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则谓语动词谓语动词主语主语人称人称数数Theboy_diving.Theboys_diving.isare语法一致语法一致主语为主语为单数或复数单数或复数时,其时,其谓语动词要谓语动词要与其相呼应与其相呼应。
1.and1.两个主语表达不同人、物、概念两个主语表达不同人、物、概念e.g.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(岁月不饶人)Thewriterandthetranslatoraredeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.2.两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念e.g.Thewriterandtranslatorisdeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.Onemoreforkandknifeisonthetable.(一副刀叉)Warandpeaceisoftenpeoplestopic.(战争与和平)1.and3.并列名词前有并列名词前有noand(no);everyand(every);eachand(each)修饰时,谓语一修饰时,谓语一般用单数般用单数e.g.Everymanand(every)woman_(have)thesamerights.has语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致22主语主语+with(togetherwith/alongwith),aswellas,like,not,but,except,including,ratherthan,otherthan,besides,inadditionto结构中,谓语与前结构中,谓语与前面主语一致面主语一致e.g.I,aswellasthey,_(be)readytohelpyou.Thestudentsalongwiththeteacher_(be)requiredthemeeting.NobodybutJimandTom_(be)ontheplaygroundatthattime.amarewaseveryone,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,noone,nobody,nothing,someone,somebody,something(none,neither除外除外)等不定代词及等不定代词及each,theother作主语时,谓语动词用作主语时,谓语动词用单数单数形式。
如:
形式。
如:
Nothingintheboxismine.Someonewantstoseeyou.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致33none和和neither作主语时,谓语可作主语时,谓语可用单数也可用复数,但如果修饰的是用单数也可用复数,但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数不可数名词只用单数e.g.Noneofusis/areperfect.(人无完人)Noneoftheinformationhasbeenreceived.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致33morethanone;manya修饰名词,复数修饰名词,复数含义,但是谓语用单数含义,但是谓语用单数e.g.Manyastudent_(be)intheclassroom.Morethanonemother_(receive)theflowers.is语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致44receives不定式(短语),动名词(短语),不定式(短语),动名词(短语),从句作主语时,谓语用单数从句作主语时,谓语用单数e.g.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorning_(do)youalotofgood.Servingthepeople_(be)mygreathappiness.Whenandwherewewillhaveapicnic__(benot)decidedyet.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致55doesishasnotbeen*当当what引导的句子做主语,若后面是引导的句子做主语,若后面是“be+名词名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化的结构时,谓语随名词变化。
e.g.Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致55由由kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of等修饰的主语,谓语等修饰的主语,谓语由这些词决定由这些词决定e.g.Thiskindofapples_(sell)well.Aseriesofplays_(be)tobeonshownextweek.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致66sellsisa(large/small/vast)quantityofa(large/small/vast)quantityof或Largequantitiesof谓语由quantity的形式决定e.g.Alargequantityofoilwasputintothesoup.Alargequantityofappleswasinthebasket.Largequantitiesofoilwereputintothesoup.Largequantitiesofappleswereinthebasket.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致77trousers,pants(裤子裤子),shoes,glasses,gloves,stockings,scissors(剪刀剪刀)等词作等词作主语时谓语用复数,但如果名词前有主语时谓语用复数,但如果名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用等量词修饰时,谓语动词用复数复数e.g.Myglassesarebroken.Thescissorsaresharp.Thepairofshoesunderthebedismine.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致88谓语动词的单复数谓语动词的单复数取决于取决于主语所表达的概念主语所表达的概念,而不,而不取决于表面的语法标志取决于表面的语法标志意义一致意义一致集合名词集合名词(family,teamgroup,crowdpublic,government,band,company.)若强调整体,谓语动词用单数若强调整体,谓语动词用单数若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数e.g.Thegroupis(be)madeupofninestudents.Thegroupare(be)dancinghappily.意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致11单复数同形的名词单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish,series系列系列,species物种物种,means手段手段,works工厂工厂,aircraft飞行器飞行器做主语做主语时,视时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
e.g.Anewmeanshasbeenused.Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致22physics,politics,mathematics等一些以等一些以“-ics”结尾的词,指结尾的词,指学科学科时属单数,谓语时属单数,谓语动词用动词用单数单数。
Physicsisnotdifficulttolearn.Mathematicsisasubjectstudiedinnearlyeveryschool.注:
若指注:
若指某学科能力,成绩,应用等或非某学科能力,成绩,应用等或非学科含义学科含义时被看作复数,谓语常用时被看作复数,谓语常用复数复数。
Mymathematicsareweek.Whatareyourpolitics?
政治信仰/见解意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致33意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致44主语是疑问代词主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词不定代词some,all,more,most,any,none等以及名词等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视它们所代指的名词表示单数意义,其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
而定。
Eg:
Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?
Whichareprettier,theseorthose?
Wehadsomepaper,andtherestwasputback.意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致44意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致55thenumberof(.的数量)的数量),thevarietyof(种类种类)用用单数谓语,单数谓语,anumberof(许多,大量)(许多,大量),avarietyof(各种各(各种各样的样的.)用复数谓语用复数谓语1.Thenumberoftrafficaccidents_(have)increased.2.Anumberofchildren_(like)thissong.3.Thereareavarietyoftoysonsaleinthatshop.4.Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatshopissurprising.haslike意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致66意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致66表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等复数名词作表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等复数名词作主语时,被主语时,被看作整体看作整体时谓语用时谓语用单数单数Sixtyyearsisalongtime.Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried.*如如强调具体数目强调具体数目,则用,则用复数复数。
Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.“the+形容词形容词/分词分词”表示一类人,谓语用表示一类人,谓语用复数复数,eg.thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,thedisabled,thesickThesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.但如果指但如果指事物或抽象概念事物或抽象概念时时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数.意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致77Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher_(know)whathappened.There_(be)anapple,twobanan