An Analysis on Rewriting of Little Red Cap in terms of Morality and Feminism小红帽的故事.docx

An Analysis on Rewriting of Little Red Cap in terms of Morality and Feminism小红帽的故事.docx

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AnAnalysisonRewritingofLittleRedCapintermsofMoralityandFeminism小红帽的故事

AnAnalysisonRewritingofLittleRedCapintermsofMoralityandFeminism

Acknowledgements

Inwritingthispaper,Ihavebenefitedfromthepresenceofmydearclassmates.TheygenerouslyhelpedmecollectmaterialsIneededandgavemetheinvaluablesuggestions.Iherebyextendmygratefulthanktothemfortheirkindhelp,withoutwhichthepaperwouldnothavebeenwhatitis,ParticularlymyclassmatesandfriendsZhangYanandWangZhen,whosebrilliantideasandperceptivehaveprovedimmenselyconstructive.

Particularly,IamdeeplyindebtedtoteacherShenQi,mysupervisor,whoguidedmethroughoutmywritingofthisthesis.Hecarefullyreadthewholedraftandofferedpainstakingandpreciouscriticism.Hisstandardsofacademicexcellencehavemademyrevisionanexcitingandgratifyingexperience.

MyparentstookgoodcareofmylifeandgavemealotofencouragementwhenIwasworkingatthisthesis.Theyalwayssharemywealandwoe.Ifeelmuchgratefulandheartilyoweachievementtothem.

Lastly,noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthoseindividualsandorganizationshereaftermentionedwithgratitude:

ourschoollibraryanditsstaff,thelibraryofHenanUniversityofTechnology.

Abstract

ThestoryoftheLittleRedRidingHoodisoneofthebestlovedfairytalesofalltime.Ithasmanydifferentversions,amongwhichGrimm’sisthemostfamousandwidelyknown.Whatpeoplearefamiliarwithisthelittlecute,innocentgirlwithherlittleredcap,whoisswallowedbythewolfandsavedbythehunter.While,itsoriginalversionandotherversionsarenotwidelyknownanditsimpliedmeaningsarealwaysignored.ThispaperanalyzestheLittleRedRidingHoodbasedonthreetypicalversionsfromtheperspectiveofmoralandfeminism.LittleRedRidingHoodwasoriginallyorallytoldintheFrenchcountrysideandthenfirstwrittendownbyCharlesPerraultin1697.It’samoraltale,warninggirlsandwomenthatwolvesmaylurkineveryguise.LittleRedRidingHoodsoonspreadbeyondthebordersofFrance.In1865,GermanyWilhelmandJacobGrimmrewritethestory:

LittleRedCap.Grimmrevisedthestoryintoafairy-talethatwassuitableforchildren.TheGrimm’sstorysatisfiedtherequirementofbourgeoissocializationandimpliedtherankofauthorityandmorallessons.TheGrimm’sstoryissimilartothePerrault’sversionatthepointthatbothofthetwoversionsarereflectionsoftherulesandmoralprinciplesofamale-dominatedbourgeoissociety.AftertheWorldWarⅠ,especiallysecond-wavefeminism,abundantoffeminismworksspringout.RedRidingHoodinTheMerseysideFairStorycollectiveprofoundlychangedthestereotypedimageofthewomencharactersintheLittleRedCapseries,expressedfemale’sindependenceandwisdoms,andreflectedtheawakeningoffemale’sconsciousnessinmale-dominatedsociety.Aftertheanalysisoftheabovethreeversions,itiseasytoseethatjustasMarxistopinion,literaturereflectslife,socialandpsychologicalcontent,anditalsoaffectspeople.

Keywords：

RedRidingHood;morality;feminism;socialbackground

内容摘要

无论什么时代，小红帽的故事始终是最受喜爱的童话故事之一。

人们所熟悉的小红帽天真可爱，被大灰狼吞下但又被猎人救出。

这就是流传最为广泛，最受欢迎的格林版本。

然而她的原始版本和其它众多版本包括其隐含意义都不为大众所知。

本论文选取三个典型的版本从道德和女性主义的角度进行分析对比。

起先，小红斗篷是法国乡村口头相传的民间故事，第一个把它写下来的是查理斯，佩罗，创作于1697年。

这是个充满道德训诫的故事，警告小女孩和妙龄少女保持贞洁。

这个故事马上就流传开来，超越了法国国界。

19世纪，德国作家格林兄弟把它改写为小红帽，这是为儿童量身打造，但他同时也契合了当时资本主义的要求，充满了权力等级和道德规则。

从某种程度来说格林版的和佩罗版的有相似之处，他们都反映了男权社会的统治和规则。

第一次世界大战后，尤其是第二波女性风潮运动后，女性主义作品大量涌现。

由女性主义者创作的马其塞特郡故事集中的红斗篷大大的改变了小红帽系列中的传统女性形象。

它表现了女性的独立与智慧，反映了女性意识的觉醒。

通过以上三个版本的对比分析，我们不难发现，从马克思主义的观点出发，文学反映生活，社会和心理内容，并能反过来影响人们。

关键词：

小红帽;道德;女性主义;社会背景

Contents

Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................i

Abstract（English）....................................................................................................................ii

Abstract（Chinese）...................................................................................................................iii

1.Introduction.......................................................................................................................1

2.TheDefinitionoffairytale................................................................................................1

3.Thestoryoflittleredridinghood......................................................................................2

3.1Perrault’snaïveLittleRedRidingHood.......................................................................3

3.1.1Thebackgroundofthestory.............................................................................3

3.1.2Impliedmeaning...............................................................................................3

3.2Grimm’ssubmissivelittleredcap.............................................................................4

3.2.1Thebackgroundofthestory...........................................................................4

3.2.2Theimpliedmeaningofthestory..............................................................5

3.3Feminists’rebelliousperson......................................................................................6

3.31Thebackgroundofthestory............................................................................6

3.32Theimpliedmeaningofthestory....................................................................7

4.Theimpactsofthefairystoriesonsocietyandchildren....................................................8

5.Conclusion..........................................................................................................................9

WorksCited.........................................................................................................................10

1.Introduction

Fairytalesarealwayswithtalkingcreatures,greatheroes,fairmaidens,miraculousdeeds,andheroicquests.Whilethemainreadersareoftenconsideredchildren,theycanalsobehorriblygrotesque.fairytalesaretendtobethoughtaseternalanduniversal,buteventhoughthosetruthsshiftovertimeandplacetheyexpressourcollectivetruths.TakethestoryofLittleRedRidingHood,forexample—ataleweallknowwell,thoughnotaswellaswethink.LittleRedRidingHoodisoneofthebestlovedfairytalesofalltime.Ofallthetraditionalfairytales,LittleRedRidingHoodisundoubtedlytheonethathasexistedforthelongestperiodoftimeandwhichhasspawnedthegreatestnumberoflikenessesinthefieldofchildren’sliterature.CharlesDickensclaimedlittleredridinghoodashisfirstlove,andfeltthatifonlyhecouldhavemarriedher,hewouldhaveknownperfectbliss.Yetitwaschangedthroughtheyears.TheoriginsofLittleRedRidingHoodcanbetracedtoanoraltraditionduringthewitchpersecutionsofFranceinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies.Thenitissoonspreadthroughouttheworldandpasseddownuntiltoday.Duringthepast300years,LittleRedRidingHoodisrewrittenmanytimes.Theimageandthemeaningarechangeddramaticallyaswell.Theobjectiveofthispaperistoanalyzetheimagechange,itsimpliedmoralmeaninganditsreflectedawakengingofthefemale’sconsciousnessinmale-dominatedsociety.Inordertodoso,Iwillchoosethreeversions,LittleRedRidingHoodbyCharlesPerrault,LittleRedCapbyWilhelmandJacobGrimmandRedRidingHoodbycommittedfeministsofTheMerseysideFairyStoryCollectiveinLiverpool.Thesethreeversionsaretypicalandwrittenindifferenttimeandbywritersfromdifferentcountries.

2.TheDefinitionoffairytale

AccordingtoOxfordDictionaryofEnglishFolklore:

fairytaleistheusualEnglishtermforagroupoforalnarrativescenteredonmagicaltests,quests,andtransformations,whicharefoundthroughoutEuropeandinmanypartsofAsiatoo.Theyaredefinedbytheirplots,whichfollowstandardbasicpatterns.theirfunctionistobeoralentertainmentforadultsaswellaschildren,andtellingthemwellisaskilledart（SimpsonandRoud134）.

Theterm‘fairytale’onlyappearedinthe18thcentury,almostcertainlyasatranslationoftheFrenchContesdesFées,thetitleofabookbyMadamed'Aulnoispublishedin1698andtranslatedintoEnglishthefollowingyear.Itisuniversallyunderstood,butnotinfactaccurate,sincemanyofthebest-lovedstorieshavenofairiesinthem,thoughmagicabounds;consequentlysomescholarsprefertheterms‘WonderTales’or‘MagicTales’.Originally,adultsweretheaudienceoffairytalesthatmayhavebeengruesomeorincludesexualreferences.Butinthe19thand20thcenturiesthefairytalebecameassociatedwithchildren'sliterature.Inthemodernera,fairytaleswerealteredsothattheycouldbereadtochildrenandmightincludeamoralisticstanceorwarningagainstdangers,theybeganaschieflyoralstoriespassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Andincontemporaryliteraturemanyauthorshaveusedtheformoffairytalesforvariousreasons.Obviously,fairytaleshavechangedwithtime.Forexample,LittleRedRidingHoodwasoriginallywrittenbyCharlesPerrault,asatalewithsexualimage.JacobandWilhelmGrimm（alsoknownasTheBrothersGrimm）wrotedownGermanyversion:

LittleRedCaptomakeitmoreacceptableforchildren.

3.Thestoryoflittleredridinghood

LittleRedRidingHoodhasgonethroughprogressivedevelopment,sinceitsoriginaloralversionwastold300yearsago,ithasmanyversionstillnow.Butitisknownmainlyfromtwoliterarysources:

the1697versionbyCharlesPerrault（1628-1703）containedinhiscollectionContesdutempspassé（TalesofOldenTimes）,