英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案

（英语）高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）常见题型及答题技巧及练习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.

   Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar（花蜜）ofitsflowersincreased.Thefluid,producedtoattractpollinating（授粉）insects,wasonaverage20percenthigherinflowersexposedtothebuzzcomparedtothoseleftinsilenceorexposedtohigherpitchedsounds.ProfessorLilachHadany,wholedthestudy,said:

"Ourresultsdocumentforthefirsttimethatplantscanrapidlyrespondtopollinatorsoundsinanecologicallyrelevantway."

   However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.Whileplantsrequirewater,sunlightandtherighttemperaturetogrow,itiswidelybelievedtheydonothavesensesinthewayanimalsdo.

   Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain."Plants'abilitytohearhasimplicationswellbeyondpollination—plantscouldpotentiallyhearandrespondtoherbivores,otheranimals,theelements,andpossiblyotherplants,"ProfHadanyadded.

   Amonth-longexperimentconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSocietyin2009foundfemalevoicesappeartospeedupthegrowthoftomatoes.Theresearchoffersapossibleexplanation—women'svoiceswereattherightfrequencyfortheplantstohear.

（1）What'seveningprimroseflowers'responsetobees'buzz?

A. Longerbloom.                

B. Sweeternectar.                

C. Brightercolor.                

D. Lessfluid.

（2）WherecanplantsgrowbetteraccordingtoHadany?

A. Onasquare.            

B. Besideahighway.            

C. Inthewoods.            

D. Alongthestreet.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromtheresearch?

A. PrinceCharlesproveskindofstupid.

B. Plantscanonlypotentiallyhearanimals.

C. Plantsrespondtosoundsslowlyandecologically.

D. Plantsgardenerstalktofrequentlydevelopwell.

（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A. Flowerscanhear.                                              

B. Beesarebestpollinators.

C. Plantscan'tgrowwithoutsound.                   

D. Women'svoicesimproveplants'growth.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Whentheresearchersplayedrecordingsofflyingbeestoeveningprimroseflowers,withinthreeminutesthesugarconcentrationsinthenectar（花蜜）ofitsflowersincreased.”可知，蜜蜂飞到夜来香花，在三分钟内其花朵花蜜的糖的浓度会增加，所以花蜜会更甜。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“However,ProfHadanysaidaplant'sabilitytorespondtopollinatorsmaybeweakenedincityenvironmentsorbesideabusyroad.”哈达尼教授认为，植物对传粉者做出反应的能力可能会在城市环境或繁忙道路旁减弱。

从而推断可知，在丛林里的植物生长得更好。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Butthestudy,publishedontheopen-sciencewebsiteBioRxiv,suggeststheeffortsofgardenerswhotalktotheirplantsmaynotbeinvain.”研究表明，园丁们和他们的植物交谈的努力可能不会白费。

从而推断可知，园丁经常与植物交谈，生长得更好。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段“GardenerssuchasPrinceCharleswhoclaimthattalkingtoplantsencouragesthemtogrowhavelongbeenseenasalittlesilly.ButscientistshavediscoveredevidencewhichsuggeststheRoyalmayactuallyberightandtheycouldbelisteningtohim.BiologistsatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavefoundthatflowerscanactasaplant's"ears"tohelpthemdetectthesoundofapproachinginsects.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover（盘旋）andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:

me.

   Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.

   TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.

   Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.

（1）Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?

A. Theflower                             B. Thebee                             C. Water                             D. Honey

（2）Whatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?

A. Bees'specialtalent                                          

B. Bees'hardwork.

C. Bees'livingenvironment.                                

D. Bees'socialbehavior.

（3）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A. Toappealforhelpforhoneybees.                  

B. Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.

C. Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.      

D. Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，用拟人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜，人类应该保护蜜蜂。

（1）考查代词指代。

根据第一段中的“Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知，当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时，其实蜜蜂完全专注于其他的东西——蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故选D。

（2）考查主旨大意。

通读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，为人类酿造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

   Newsanchors（主播）musthavebeenreluctanttoreadoutthefollowingnews:

XinXiaomengbeganworkingastheworld'sfirstfemaleartificial（人工的）intelligencenewsanchoratXinhuaNewsAgencyonSunday,threemonthsafteramalerobotjoinedtheprofession.

   Unlikepreviousnewsrobotsthough,Xindoesnotreadnewslikeacoldmachine;shereadsitalmostlikeahumanbeing.Themusclesonherfacestretchandrelax-andherreactionschange-asshecontinuesreading.That'swhymanynewsanchorswereworried:

WillAIreplaceusinthenearfuture?

   Tofindtheanswer,wehavetoanalysethetechnologiesthatsupportXinatherjob.ThreekeytechnologiesareusedtosupportXin.First,samplesofhumanvoicesarecollectedandsynthesized（合成）.Thisisfollowedbythecollectionandsynthesisofhumanmusclemovementsamples.AndthirdthevoicesandmovementsaremarriedinawaythatwhentheAlnewsanchorreads,themicro-electricmotorsbehindherfacemovetomakeherexpressionsseemmorehuman.

   Yetweneedathoroughknowledgeofdeepleaningtechnologytomakearobotimitateaperson'svoice.Thedeveloperneedstocollecttensofthousandsofpiecesofpronunciations,inputthemintothemachineandmatchthemwiththetextortheAltoleanandread.Theprocessforimitatingfacialmovementsissimilar.Thedeveloperhastoanalysethemovementsofthe53musclesinthehumanface,makeamodelsetfromthecollecteddatafortheAInewsanchortolean,andimitatethemovementsoffacialmusclesviaprograms

   BoththetechnologiesusedtomakeXin'sperformanceimpressivearemature.Therealdifficultyliesinthethird-thetechnologytomatchthepronunciationswithfacialmovementssothatXinexpressionsvaryaccordingtothecontentofthenewsreport.Infact,Xinsexpressionsdon'talwayschangeaccordingtothecontent.Asaresult,herexpressionslookanythingbuthuman.Actually.AIisstillnomatchforhumanqualities.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reluctant"inthefirstparagraphmean?

A. Delighted.                       

B. Unwilling.                       

C. Confused.                       

D. Optimistic.

（2）Whatcanweinferaboutpreviousnewsrobots?

A. Theyreadnewswithoutexpressions.

B. Theylookedlikeahumanbeing

C. Theycouldinterviewsportsstars

D. Theycouldinteractwithaudience.

（3）Whatdoweknowaboutthethirdtechnology?

A. Thistechnologyisveryperfectsofar

B. Thistechnologyisquitepopularnow

C. Thistechnologyremainsatthetheoreticalstage

D. Thistechnologyisfarfrommature.

（4）Fromthelastparagraph,wecandrawaconclusionthat____.

A. humannewsanchorsshouldlearnfromATanchorstosavetheirjobs

B. Alanchorsperformmuchbetterthanhumannewsanchorsatpresent

C. Alnewsanchorswon'treplacehumannewsanchorsinthenearfuture

D. XinXiaomengsexpressionsvarysonatu