高中英语新课标人教版必修四第四单元语法课件.ppt
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V-ing做主语做主语,宾语宾语,补语补语,表语的用法表语的用法1.1.CominglateCominglateforschoolforschoolisisabadhabit.abadhabit.2.Weshouldaviod2.Weshouldaviodcominglatecominglateforschool.forschool.3.Thebadweatherkeepstheflight3.Thebadweatherkeepstheflightcominglatecominglate.4.Theyare4.Theyareexciting.exciting.5.5.CominglateCominglate,thegirlmissedthetrain.thegirlmissedthetrain.6.6.ThemanThemanrunningoverthererunningoverthereisourchairmanisourchairman7.hearingthenews7.hearingthenews,hecouldnthelplaughing.,hecouldnthelplaughing.8.Notknowinghistelephonenumber8.Notknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldntgetintouch,Icouldntgetintouchwithhim.withhim.9.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,9.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,talkingandtalkingandlaughinglaughing.10.Herhusbanddied,10.Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildrenleavingherfourchildren.11.Workinghard11.Workinghard,youllsurelysucceed,youllsurelysucceed语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式（not）doing（not）doing（not）beingdone（not）beingdone（not）（not）havingdonehavingdone（not）（not）havingbeendonehavingbeendoneV-ing形式做状语形式做状语nn1.做时间状语nn2.做原因状语nn3.做条件状语nn4.做让步状语nn5.表示方式或伴随情况nn6.做结果状语nn7.评论性状语可以表示时间可以表示时间可以表示时间可以表示时间,原因原因原因原因,结果结果结果结果,条件条件条件条件,行为方式或伴随动作等行为方式或伴随动作等行为方式或伴随动作等行为方式或伴随动作等。
1）.Usingyourhead,youllfindagoodway.Workinghard,youllsurelysucceed.条件状语条件状语IfyouuseyourheadIfyouworkhard2）.Beingpoor,hecouldntaffordaTVset.Notknowingheraddress,wecantgetintouchwithher.（原因原因）BecausehewaspoorAswedontknowheraddress3）.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailorsshop.4）.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.时间时间WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.结果结果andthisleftthefamilyevenworseoff5）Fourpeopleenteredtheroom5）Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookinglookingaroundinacuriouswayaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleenteredtheroom=Fourpeopleenteredtheroomandandlookedlookedaroundinacuriousway.aroundinacuriousway.6）Hecamerunningbacktotellmethe6）Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.news.伴随状语伴随状语方式方式7.Workinghardatyourlessons,youaretosucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons,youaretosucceed.8.Knowingallthis,Istillwanttoseeitformyself.=AlthoughIknowallthis,Istillwanttoseeitformyself.评论性状语评论性状语有些惯用的V-ing短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。
我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。
generallyspeaking一般来说strictlyspeaking严格来说roughlyspeaking大致来说broadlyspeaking广义上来说narrowlyspeaking狭义上来说judgingfrom/by由.判断considering考虑到franklyspeaking坦率地说personallyspeaking就个人而言supposing如果现在分词作状语的几种形式现在分词作状语的几种形式1.1.一般形式：
一般形式：
现在分词的动作和谓语动词的现在分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生用：
动作同时发生用：
doingHearingthesadnews,sheburstintotears.2.完成式：
完成式：
当分词的动作先于谓语动词的动当分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生用分词的完成式：
作发生用分词的完成式：
havingdoneHavingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.3.进行被动式：
进行被动式：
beingdoneBeingcriticisedbytheteacher,theboyhunghishead.4.完成被动式：
完成被动式：
havingbeendoneHavingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.Nothavingreceivedthereply,hedecidedtowriteanotherone.注意：
注意：
1.当当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：
作之前时，应使用完成式：
havingdoneHavingfinishedhishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.2.当当v-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应使用被动式：
的动宾关系时，应使用被动式：
beingdoneBeinghelpedbytheteacher,shewilllearnEnglishwell.3.当当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：
作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：
havingbeendoneHavingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thebookwaswidelyreadallovertheworld.4.独立主格结构：
独立主格结构：
Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.Hermotherbeingill,shehadtolookafterherathome.Timepermitting,wellvisittheGreatWall.Heguidingtheblindman,theywalkedslowlyacrossthestreet.2.作状语的作状语的V-ing形式和句子之间通常有形式和句子之间通常有一个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。
一个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。
Studyinghard,andyouwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.Studyinghard,youwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.FTT1.Havingnotseenthefilm,IcanttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5.“Cantyouread?
”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmaking1.Thestrangersaidsomethingina_voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch_.A.frightening,frightenedB.frightened,frighteningC.frightening,frighteningD.frightened,frightenedChoosethebestanswer.2._thepiano,someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor.A.PlayingB.WhenIwasplayingC.RepairingD.Examining3.Mothercaughttheboy_inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.
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