高考英语完形填空附答案.docx
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高考英语完形填空附答案
完形填空专项
一、复习思路
1.梳理完形填空的技巧方法
2.扩充词汇运用
二、复习要点
完型填空题的特点
完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。
上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。
其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。
体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。
题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
完型填空解题步骤
1-通览----速度全文，把握大意
快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。
2-试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后
先易后难，逐层深入。
紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。
3-复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确
试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应
完型填空高频词汇
动词
convince;guarantee;ensure;transfer;exist;strike;claim;demonstrate;charge;assemble;reveal;skip;vary;monitor;assess;isolate;classify;distract;embarrass;stretch;believe;make;
consume;dip;shut;replace,reduce,increase,destroy;expand;narrow;strengthen;
weaken;protect;punish;warn;contribute;devote;decorate;drain;maintain;preserve;
exhaust;exploit;impose;inspire;pioneer;overcome;resist;shift;switch;plunge;
accountfor;postpone;access;remind;inform;amuse;assume;obtain;distribute;
anticipate（预期）;cultivate;recognize;discomfort;threaten;demand;indicate.
名词
instinct;ingredient;evidence;miracle;tendency;exposure;principle;efficiency;
contribution;contact;infection;opposition;pronunciation;transformation;
principle;standards;measure;solution;crisis;innovation;material;resource;improvement;appearance;stability;smoke;cost;bargain;miracle;existence;trend;delivery;mood;spirit;
appetite;stomach;strength;muscle;purpose;concept;means;access;variety;alternative;combination;achievement;option;interaction;affirmation;expectation;communication;ecotourism,background,prevention
形容词
considerate;aggressive;qualified;reluctant;delicate;positive;negative;ignorant;informative;casual;curious;incurable;demanding;reasonable;social;psychological;evident;vital;
constant;terrible;wasteful;wonderful;useful;fashionable;beautiful;historic;
worthless;ordinary;meaningless;sensitive;agreeable;graceful;financial;appropriate;
defensive;fateful（重大的，决定性的）;fruitful（富有成效的，多产的）;sensitive;
multiple;resistant;accessible;critical;reasonable;inevitable;essential;dramatic;
fulfilling（令人满意的，能实现个人抱负的）;efficient;ideal;employable;available;
respectful（恭敬的，有礼貌的）;negative;frequent;unskilled;compulsory
副词
agreeably;slightly;accidentally;occasionally;physically;psychologically;thoroughly;
vaguely;orally;repeatedly;dramatically;subconsciously;carelessly,regularly;while;
recently;nearly;rarely;mostly;least;oppositely;unfortunately;frankly;Inaddition,
Inshort;otherwise;eventuallynecessarilyflexibly;naturally;actually,nevertheless,fortunately,definitely,narrowly,widely,practically
完型填空解题技巧
解题思路一：
依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。
首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。
它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。
把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
①Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeople’searnedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.
51.A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise
②Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple__51__.
51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language
解题思路二：
顺应文意, 定位选词。
做题时, 要充分利用上下文, 找到有提示作用的词。
这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词, 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。
①Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjustthe51one.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.
51.A.positiveB.oppositeC.sameD.wrong
②Morethan2,400yearsago,theGreekhistorianHerodotusdescribedtheEgyptianpyramidsandothermonuments.Hemayhavebeenthefirstwritertoconsiderthatremainsand___52___couldprovideinformationforlatergenerations.
52.A.books
B.history
C.ruins
D.science
③Thecontinuouspresentationoffrighteningstoriesaboutglobalwarminginthepopularmediamakesusunnecessarilyfrightened.Evenworse,it__51__ourkids.
51.A.exhaustsB.depressesC.terrifiesD.exploits
解题思路三：
注意固定搭配，常用句型。
包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
①ThedepartmentforEducationandSkillswantsto60teachingofmodemforeignlanguages（MFT）atanearlierstageinthefuture.Primaryschoolchildrenwillgetgreater61toforeignlanguagelearning.
60.A.permitB.encourageC.demandD.offer
61.A.admissionB.accessC.chanceD.approach
解析：
教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学，所以60选D。
61题考查固定搭配accessto的用法，学生需要总结相关access的搭配，haveaccessto或者offeraccessto，to是介词。
②Thatalsoexplainswhyschoolsandcompaniesorganizechallengingtripsandphysicalactivitiesto__62__teamspirit.
62.A.buildupB.putdownC.takeoverD.makeout
③A__60__ofpeoplenowbelieve–incorrectly–thatglobalwarmingisnotevencausedbyhumans.
60.A.mixtureB.majorityC.quantityD.crowd
解题思路四：
注意同形词的辨析。
①Digitalfingerprinting,fluctuations（波动）inthedollarexchangerate,andamassofonlineinformationaresomeofthewaysmakingtraveltotheUnitedNationsin2010adifferent__51___forinternationalvisitorsthanitwasearlierinthe21stcentury.
51.A.experimentB.examinationC.experienceD.excursion
②Atravelerfromacountry__60__intheVWPmustobtainanElectronicSystemforTravelAuthorization（ESTA）,anonlinetravelauthorization,establishedbyDHS.ESTAdetermines,beforethetravelerboardsaflight,whetherthetraveleris___61___totraveltotheUnitedStatesundertheVWPandwhethersuchtravelposesanylawimplementationorsecurityrisks.
60.A.perseveringB.previewingC.participatingD.promoting
61.A.accessibleB.acceptableC.availableD.adaptable
解题思路五：
根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。
①EFLteachersoftencomplainthatstudents,despiteyearsofstudyingEnglish,simplywillnotspeakit.They’retoo__63__makingmistakesofthegrammarormispronouncingwordsinawaythatwould__64__them.
63.A.confidentinB.comfortablewithC.keenonD.afraidof
64.A.amuseB.informC.remindD.embarrass
解题思路六:
利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。
1.在完形填空中, 某一词语通常重复出现, 使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯, 从而构成一个完整的意义整体。
①Firstofallhewasawindow-cleanerandinhisfirstweekhemanagedto______sixwindows.
A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean
2.同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。
一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。
1）名词同现：
与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。
如：
school---primaryschool—middleschool—college—universitystudents—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
2）动词同现：
与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。
如：
school—teach—learn—attend—found—dropout—graduate—bedismissed
3）形容词同现;就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。
如：
在学校这个语境中：
（key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course
4）结构同现:
结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。
如：
①some…,others;ononehand…,ontheotherhand;former…,latter;so…that;notonly…butalso;hardly/scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…;beabouttodo/bedoing/haddone/beonthepointofdoing/betodo/bereadytodo/beontheway…when…;
I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.
A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion
②The60Knows
…….Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.
60.A.NoseB.EyeC.HeartD.Hand
解题思路七：
仔细分析长难句。
找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。
①Intoday’sAmericansociety,highschooldropouthasdaybydaygrownintoabigproblemthreateningsocialandeconomicstability,asmanycasesoffamily___51___oreventragedies,causedbyyouthdropoutaregrabbingheadlinesinmedia.
51.A.objectionsB.conflictsC.establishmentsD.happiness
答案：
B。
长难句分析，第一层是as引导的原因状语从句，主句是schooldropouthasgrownintoabigproblem.后面紧跟动名词做定语。
As从句中caused过去分词作后置定语。
在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。
②Inmanycountries,thelanguageofeducationisnotthesameasthelanguageofthehomefor53themajorityofchildren.Furthermore,inmanycountries,younglanguagelearnerscomprisethemostrapidlygrowingsegmentoftheelementary（primary）schoolpopulation.54Whileinsomeschoolsthereisnoextrasupporttohelpyounglanguagelearnersacquirethelanguageofinstruction,inmostcountrieswheretherearelargenumbersofyounglearners,thereisa___55___awarenessoftheirspecialneeds.
55.A.reducingB.watchingC.growingD.slipping
解析：
55题根据前文可以推断出选C.growing表示提高的意识。
可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：
首先是while引导的让步状语从句。
在while从句中运用了helpsbdosth的结构。
在主句中，where引导的定语从句，先行词是countries.
解题思路八：
仔细推敲,注重逻辑。
做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍,看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的逻辑;看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。
一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。
作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。
学生必掌握常见的过渡词：
1.递进
inaddition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,what’smore,what’sworse,tomakemattersworse,tomakethingsworse,worsestill
2.比较
inthesameway,aswith,similarly,equally,incomparison,justas
3.对照
incontrast,ontheotherhand,instead,however,nevertheless,unlike,onthecontrary,while
4.因果
because,becauseof,for,since,dueto,owingto,thanksto,asaresult（of）,so,thus
5.强调
certainly,aboveall,indeed,ofcourse,surely,actually,asamatteroffact,especially，inparticular,absolutely
6.让步
although,though,afterall,inspiteof
7.举例
forexample,forinstance,thatis,namely,suchas,inotherwords,inthiscase,bywayofillustration.
8.时间和空间
afterward,after,first,later,then,soon,finally,atlast
outside,near,beyond,above,below,ontheright（left）,inthemiddle,opposite,infrontof
9.总结
tosumup,toconclude,inaw
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