届中考英语语法专练名词及名词短语讲解及配套真题.docx
《届中考英语语法专练名词及名词短语讲解及配套真题.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《届中考英语语法专练名词及名词短语讲解及配套真题.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
届中考英语语法专练名词及名词短语讲解及配套真题
2020届中考语法专练之名词及名词短语讲解及配套真题
一.名词
名词的种类:
专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名,团体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
II.名词的数:
1.规则名词的复数形式:
名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
规则
例词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days
2
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes
3
以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,
wife-wives,half-halves
加-s
chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys
6
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
Negro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos
两者皆可
zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos
7
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
8
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,
2.不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,
3
只有复数形式
trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,
4
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,police
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party
6
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)
7
表示“某国人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
8
合成名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
womensingers,menservants
III.名词的所有格:
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:
一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1.’s所有格的构成:
单数名词在末尾加’s
theboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,
不规则复数名词后加’s
thechildren’stoys,women’srights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
JapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略
thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法:
1
表示时间
today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday
2
表示自然现象
theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches
3
表示国家城市等地方的名词
thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry
4
表示工作群体
theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory
5
表示度量衡及价值
amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples
6
与人类活动有特殊关系的名词
thelife’stime,theplay’splot
7
某些固定词组
abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)
3.of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:
thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:
theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents
用于名词化的词:
thestruggleoftheoppressed
1.Bettyhasabeautiful_________.Shewantstobeasingerinthefuture.(2019.江苏淮安)
A.voiceB.lookC.noiseD.sound
2.---Whatshouldwedoforthecampingtrip?
---We’dbettermakeaofthingslikefoods,drinks,medicineandsoon.(2019福建)
A.listB.cardC.report
3.Whichwordgoeswiththesound
?
(2019甘肃兰州)
A.snackB.smileC.stateD.snake
4.—Look!
Theyare.(2019甘肃天水)
—Yes.Weareproudofthem.
A.manscientistB.womenscientists
C.womanscientistsD.manscientists
5--Hereismyfamily___.Wetookitlastyear.2019甘肃敦煌)
A.memberB.nameC.photoD.house
6.(1分)I'dlikesome_____and_____.( 2019广西百色 )
A.banana;tomatoB.bananas;tomato
C.bananas;tomatoesD.banana;tomatoes
7.(1分)InChina,thecolorredisthe________ofgoodluck.(2019广西北部湾)
A.dreamB.wayC.symbolD.reason
8.(1分)﹣﹣﹣Theairisveryfreshinourcity.Thereislessthanbefore.
﹣﹣﹣Yes.Thegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotecttheenvironment(2019广西贵港)
A.woodB.pollutionC.noiseD.water
9.I'mnothungryatallbecauseIhavejusthadmuch___________.(2019广西柳州)
A.breadB.pearsC.eggs
10.(1分)Janeisverythirsty,sosheneedssome.(2019贵州黔南州)
A.waterB.breadC.cakesD.rice
11.(1分)MycousinandIoftenwalktothe______toseepandasonweekends.(2019海南)
A.bankB.zooC.market
12.(1分)﹣﹣Wouldyouplease______youre﹣mailaddress?
Imisseditjustnow.(2019海南)
﹣﹣Noproblem.It'sfox@163.com.
A.repeatB.reviewC.record
13.Ilikethissong.It’sbyoneofmyfavorite_________.(2019河北)
A.singers B.dancers C.painters D.writers
14Forhisson’sbirthday,Stevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasa.(2019河南)
A.taskB.treatC.choiceD.visit
15.Theproblemsaredifficulttosolve.Pleasegiveme____.(2019黑龙江大庆)B=
A.manyadviceB.someadviceC.anadviceD.someadvices
16. Tim got four____from his relatives on Children s Day.
A.toyB.toysC.toies
17.JourneytotheWestisatraditional____book.Ithasbeentranslatedintodifferentlanguages.
A.AmericanB.BritishC.Chinese
18.—Igorunningeveryday.
—Wow!
That’sagood________.Itkeepsyouhealthy.(2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔)
A.taskB.exerciseC.habit
19.—Oh,myGod!
Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?
—I’mafraidthatwehaveno____butIotakeaLaxi,(2019湖北黄冈)
A.ideaB.decisionC.reasonD.choice
20.-MoreandmoreforeignerscometovisittheGfeatWall.
-Tnat'strue.Itisthe____ofChina_(2019湖北黄石)
A.praiseB,prideC,effortD.courage
21.—Creativemorning____arepopularinourschool.(2019湖北咸宁)
—Yes,wedancetofunmusic,suchasthesongCalorie(卡路里).
A.examsB.exercisesC.examplesD.expressions
22.—NowadaysmoreandmoreforeignersarebecominginterestedinKungfu.(2019湖北咸宁)
—That’strue.It’sanimportantpartofChinese____.
A.inventionB.storyC.cultureD.custom
23.—Dad,whatistheloudspeakersaying?
(2019湖北武汉)
—Itistothe.TheflighttoWuhanisboardingnow.
A.customersB.passengersC.membersD.tourists
24一Everyoneshouldsticktohisdream.
一Yes.Alifewithoutadreamislikeabirdwithout________,whichcan'tfly.(2019湖北孝感)
A.wingsB.waterC.cloudsD.food
25.-Iknowlittleaboutthisproduct.(2019湖南郴州)
-SurftheInternet,andyouwillgetmuch_________aboutit.
A.informationB.messageC.suggestion
26.Weshouldbrushour________everyday.(2019湖南岳阳)
A.toothB.teethC.hand
27.Whichunderlinedletterpronouncesdifferentlyfromtheothers?
(2019江苏省连云港)
A.planetB.campingC.rabbitD.shape
28.OnApril24,XieWenjunracedtogoldinthe__________110-meterhurdlesattheAsianAthleticsChampionshipsinQatar(2019江苏省连云港)
A.manB.menC.men'sD.mens'
29.USscientistEdwardT.Hallsaidthatinaconversationbetweentwopeople,65%of_________
isdonethroughbodylanguage.(2019江苏省连云港)
A.applicationB.pronunciationC.introductionD.communication
30.High-speedtrainsareseenasoneofthenewFourGreatofChina.(2019南通江苏)
A.AchievementsB.Agreements
C.EnvironmentsD.Instruments
31.-Keepquiet!
Ineedcomplete__________whenI'mworking.(2019江苏苏州)
-Sorry,dad.Iwon'tmakeanynoiseagain.
A.trustB.silenceC.controlD.strength
32.–Anna,howdoesthedresslookonme?
(2019江苏宿迁)
-Totellyouthe________,itdoesn’tfityouwell.
A.tradeB.trustC.truthD.treat
33.Mymotherhasapoor_________ofdirection,sosheisalwaysafraidtogooutalone.(2019江苏泰州)
A.sceneB.silenceC.serviceD.sense
34.Lookatthetwo_________overthere.Theyareteachingthegirlstoplaytheguitar.(2019湖南益阳)
A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womanteacher
35.Mydaughterhelpsmecook,butsheisn’toldenoughtobeleftaloneinthe__________.(2019江西)
A.bedroomB.classroomC.labD.kitchen
36.IfIleavemyhouseat9o'clockanddrivetotheairport,I'llarriveatabout11.Soit'sabouttwo
_________drivefrommyhousetotheairport.(2019山东临沂)
A.hours'B.hour'sC.hours
37.Afteryearsofwar,thepeopleinSyriaarethirstyfor____________.(2019山东滨州)
A.priceB.noiseC.peaceD.course
38.—Lucy,howaboutgoingtothe?
(2019山东青岛)
—Soundsgreat!
Readingbookscangiveusmuchpleasure.
A.libraryB.cinemaC.museumD.concert
39.ThenumberofthepeopleusingHuawei________isgettinglargerandlarger.(2019江苏盐城)
A.culturesB.customersC.productsD.histories
40.—I’mnotsurewhattowriteaboutTheSecretGardeninthereport.
—Youshouldreadsome_____aboutthebookbeforewriting.(2019江苏扬州)
A.reviewsB.reasonsC.resultsD.rewards
41.WhenIthinkoftheworried_______offoreignstudentswhoarelearningChinese,Icangoto
studyEnglishcalmly.(2019江苏镇江)
A.looksB.designsC.effortsD.needs
42.Schoolsaregoodplacesforstudentstoget__________andmakefriends.(2019辽宁抚顺)
A.backgroundB.knowledge
C.attentionD.competition
43.Thearticlegivesstudentssome___________abouthowtostaysafeonline.(2019辽宁本溪)
A.suggestionsB.activitiesC.decisionsD.advantages
44.WeChat(微信)isoneofthemostconvenientwaysof.(2019辽宁铁岭)
A.informationB.competition
C.communicationD.pollution
45.Tokeepourcitybeautiful,thearealwaysverybusyinthestreets.Weshouldn’tthrowrubbisheverywhere.(2019山西)
A.policemenB.cleanersC.drivers
46.NightSafariisanamazing__________andyoucanwatchanimalsthereatnight.(2019四川广元)
A.schoolB.zooC.hospital
47.Upstairsarebedrooms.Theyaretidyandnice.Butareinamess.(2019四川眉山)
A.Lily’sandLucy’s;ourB.Lily’sandLucy’s;ours
C.Lily’sandLucy;oursD.LilyandLucy’s;our
4