研究生英文文献汇报系列2.pptx

研究生英文文献汇报系列2.pptx

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InfantGutMicrobiomeAssociatedWithCognitiveDevelopment婴儿（婴儿（2岁时）的认知发育与（岁时）的认知发育与（特定种类的特定种类的）肠道微生物有关）肠道微生物有关BiologicalPsychiatry,June2017（online）IF:

10.577Yaoxing,2018-01-02ContensBackgroundObjectivesMethodsResultsStrengthsandlimitationsConclusionsWordsrodents（啮齿动物）（啮齿动物）Gutcolonization（肠道微生物定植）（肠道微生物定植）MSEL:

MullenScalesofEarlyLearning（马伦早期学习量表）（马伦早期学习量表）16SribosomalRNAampliconsequencing（16srRNA扩增子测序）扩增子测序）alphadiversity（多样性：

多样性：

多样性高，肠道菌群比较成熟）多样性高，肠道菌群比较成熟）theUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校分校）Co-occurrenceNetworks（共线（共线/同现网络）同现网络）MetagenomePrediction（宏基因组学（宏基因组学预测预测，利用基因组学的研究策略利用基因组学的研究策略研研究样品究样品所包含的全部微生物的遗传组成及其群落功能所包含的全部微生物的遗传组成及其群落功能）Faecalibacterium（普氏菌普氏菌）Bacteroides（拟杆菌拟杆菌）Ruminococcaceae（瘤胃瘤胃球菌球菌/疣微菌科疣微菌科）Background1.Thegutmicrobiomeisacomplexmicrobialecosystemthatvariesbetweenindividualsandmaybeakeymodulatorofneurodevelopmentthroughthemicrobiome-gut-brainaxis（肠脑轴）.2.Inrodents,experimentalmanipulationsthataltertheintestinalmicrobiotaimpactanxietyanddepression-relatedbehaviors.3.Inhumans,alteredmicrobialcompositionoftheguthasbeenreportedinchildrenwithautismandadultswithdepressionandislinkedtochildhoodtemperamentandadultcognition.4.Nostudieshaveaddressedwhentheserelationshipsemergeordirectlyexaminedwhichbrainregionsmaybeinvolved.5.Arelationshipmayexistbetweenconcurrent（同时发生的）gutcolonizationandbraindevelopmentprocesses.Objectives1.Inthisprospective,longitudinalstudy,theresearcherstestedwhetherthe1-year-oldgutmicrobiomewasassociatedwithcognitiveoutcomesat1and2yearsofage.2.Theyhypothesizedthatinfantgutmicrobiomesampleswouldclusterintogroupsofcommunitysimilarityandthatcognitiveabilitywoulddifferbetweenclusters.根据群落相似性，肠道菌群样本可以聚类为不同的组，而聚类到不同组的婴儿可能具有不同的认知能力Methods1.StudyPopulationRecruited891-year-oldinfants（twinsandsingletons）fromtwoprospectivelongitudinalstudiesofearlybraindevelopmentattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill.两项关于早期大脑发育的前瞻性、纵向研究Exclusioncriteriafortheparentstudiesincludedfetalultrasoundabnormalitiesandmajormedicalillnessofthemother.2.MicrobiomeAnalysis（微生物群分析方法）Parentscollectedapproximately200mgoffecalmaterialfromasinglediaper,placeditinatubefilledwithAllprotectreagent（试剂）andreturneditthroughovernightshipping（连夜运送）.Oncereceived,sampleswerestoredat-80Cuntilanalysis.MiSeqplatform（用于对细菌种类进行鉴别和量化）,QuantitativeInsightsIntoMicrobialEcologysoftware（用于获取生物学信息、多样性测定）,denovoalgorithm（用于最优分类单位选取）,ChimeraSlayer（用于嵌合测序）.Clusteringanalysiswascompletedwithdistancemetrics，Clusterscoringmethodswereusedtoassesstheoptimalnumberofclusters.3.GeneraAnalysisandCo-occurrenceNetworksTobetterunderstandtheuniquecommunitydynamicsofeachcluster,weusedonerepresentativegenerafromeachclusterasaseedtogenerateco-occurrencenetworksviaSpearmancorrelations.4.CognitiveTestingTheMullenconsistsoffiveseparatescales,withtheirownage-groupstandardizednormativeTscoresandpercentiles,andanEarlyLearning（Cognitive）Composite（ELC）.Thefivescalesmeasuregrossmotor,finemotor,visualreception,expressivelanguage,andreceptivelanguageskills.ThestandardizedTscoresoffourscales（grossmotornotincluded）arecombinedtocreatetheELC.Thisprovidedcognitivedatafor86subjectsat1yearofageand69subjectsat2yearsofage.5.StructuralImageAcquisitionSiemenshead-only3TTIM-TrioscannerDuringunsedatednaturalsleep婴儿在自然睡眠状态下的大脑成像Magnetizationpreparedrapidacquisitiongradient-echoscanswereobtainedatyears1and2Atotalof38infantsatyear1didnotgotosleeporwokeupinthescanner（successrate=57%）.Atotalof61infantsatyear2didnotgotosleep,wokeupinthescanner,orwerelosttofollow-up（successrate=31%）.6.ImageAnalysisBraintissuewasclassifiedasgraymatter,whitematter,andcerebrospinalfluid.ITK-SNAPsoftwareObtainedmeasuresofintracranialvolume,totalgraymatter,totalwhitematter,totalcerebrospinalfluid,lateralventriclevolume,and90-regiongraymattervolumesat1yearofagefor46subjectsandat2yearsofagefor27subjects.扫描结果提供了颅内容量、总灰质、总白质、总脑脊液、侧脑室体积和90区域灰质体积等信息7.AssociationofCognitiveandBrainOutcomesWithClusterMembershipandAlphaDiversityLinearmixedeffectmodelswereusedtotestforeffectsof：

1.cognitiveperformanceandbrainvolumes2.clustermembershiponalphadiversityLikelihoodratiotestswereusedtotestthesignificanceofthecoefficientofeachclusterandalphadiversitymeasure.Secondaryanalyseswereadjustedformultiplecomparisons7.AssociationofCognitiveandBrainOutcomesWithClusterMembershipandAlphaDiversitySensitivityanalysesRawscoresTscoresDemographicandmedicalvariablesassociatedwithclustermembershiporalphadiversityandneuroimagingorcognitiveoutcomeswereincludedascovariates8.