形容词副词的比较等级 新目标英语中考复习精品.docx
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形容词副词的比较等级新目标英语中考复习精品
形容词、副词的比较等级(新目标英语中考复习精品)
形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级:
表示A与B在某方面相同。
句型:
1)A+谓+as+原级+as+B2)A+谓(否定)+as/so+原级+as+BA与B在某方面不同注意:
notas/so…as=lessthan不及;不如eg.1)Thisgirlisasbeautifulasthatone.2)Youdon’teatsomuchasI3)Thisbookisn’tasinterestingasthatone=Thisbookis________________thatone2.比较级:
两者进行比较(常与than连用)1)Iamclevererthanyou我比你聪明。
2)HerunsfasterthanJim他比Jim跑得快。
3)IpickedmoreapplesthanJim.我比你摘的苹果多。
4)Whichismoreinteresting,thisoneorthatone?
哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?
3.最高级:
三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in,of短语连用)(注意:
of+个体名词单数in+集合名词)eg.1)ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.2)Herunsfastestinourclass.3)Heisthetallestofthethreeboys.4)Whichistheeasiest,Lesson1,Lesson2orLesson3?
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越……”eg.lazierandlazier越来越懒(但注意:
如果多音节词用此结构时应为moreandmore+形、副)eg.moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮2)“the比较级,the比较级”“越……,越……”eg.themore,thebetter多多益善_________youare,_______youwillget.你越懒,收获越少。
3)“the比较级of+二者”“二者中较……的一个”eg.1)Lucyistheyoungerofthetwins.2)Of(A)thetwobooks(B)thisone(C)isthicker(D)._________4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”eg.He’saheadtallerthanme.Mybrotheristwoyearsolderthanme5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+as…as”eg.1)Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchasthatone.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
2)HehasfourtimesasmanybooksasIhave他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。
6)区别older/elder与farther/furtherolder(年龄较老的)elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)eg.My______brotheris______thanme.farther(指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)eg.1)Hewentabroadfor________studies.2)Fusunis_________fromourschoolthanZhaohua.
形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用alittle;much/alot;even/still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多;更……”eg.1)alittlebigger大一点儿2)muchmore多得多3)evenheavier更重但注意:
不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as;than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:
that;those;one;oneseg.1)Theapples(A)inthisbasket(B)areredder(C)thaninthatbasket(D)._________2)Thisknife(A)isn’t(B)so(C)newasthat(D)._______________3)Ourclassroom(A)is(B)bigger(C)thanLily(D)._______________3.个体与整体相比,不能包括个体,常用“anyother+单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1)Betty(是个体)isclevererthananystudentinherclass(是整体).(×)正:
Bettyisclevererthananyotherstudentinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthananybodyelseinherclass.=Bettyisthecleverestinherclass.(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)2)ChinaisbiggerthananycountryinAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3)ChinaisbiggerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg.Maryisthetallestofallhersisters.(×)(allhersisters已排除了Mary)改:
Maryisthetallestofallthesisters.5.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second,third,…”(但“第一”不能用first)eg.TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.改错:
________________
附:
形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则A、规则变化1.“辅+y”结尾,变y为i加er,est(但“形+ly”构成的副词除外)2.双写加er,est3.直接加er,est/r,st4.在多音词前加more,most(以“形+ly”构成的副词也在前加more,most)B、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest另外:
1)以-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节词加er,est/r,st.narrow________________simple__________________able______________2)tired____________________pleased_______________________3)often_____________________________friendly___________________________4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the,副词的最高级前一般不加the(但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg.Lilyismythebestfriend.(改错)________5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语:
ill;alone;asleep;afraid;interested;excited;surprised).副词作状语,修饰动词。
练习一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级thin________easy___________early____________new____________hot____________clever_____________little___________late___________narrow____________fat___________many___________big___________dangerous_____________________wonderful_____________________careful______________________slowly______________________popular______________________二、选择填空()1.Whichlanguageis____,English,FrenchorChinese?
A.difficultB.thedifficultC.moredifficultD.themostdifficult()2.YangpuBridgeisoneof___intheworldA.biggerbridgeB.thebiggestbridgeC.thebiggestbridgesD.biggerbridges()3.TomistallerthanMike.Butheisnot____Mike.A.strongasB.sostrongasC.sostrongD.asstrong()4.MostofthepeopleinGuangdongaregetting______.A.moreandrichB.morerichandmorerichC.richerandricherD.richandrich()5.Thistextis____easierand____interes-tingthanthatone.A.more;muchB.much;moreC.more;moreD.much;much()6.Whichdoyoulike____,beef,porkorchicken?
A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best()7.Putonmoreclothes.Itissnowing___outside.A.stronglyB.heavyC.heavily()8.Johndrivesas___asTom.A.carefullyB.goodC.niceD.fine()9.IsChinalargerthan____inAfrica.A.anycountryB.anyothercountryC.anycountriesD.allcountries()10.My___brotheris___thanI.A.elder,threeyearsolderB.older;olderC.older;threeyearselderD.elder;elder()11.LiMeiismorebeautifulthan___inherclass.A.anygirlB.anyothergirlC.allthegirlsD.anygirls()12.Thisproblemis___thanthatone.A.tentimeseasyB.tentimeseasierC.tentimesmoreeasyD.tentimeeasier()13.Thisfilmis___interestingthanthatone.A.moreB.muchC.veryD.themost()14.Thereis___intoday’snewspaper.A.interestingnothingB.nothinginterestingC.interestednothingD.nothinginterested()15.Theteacheraskedallthestudentsintheclasstokeeptheireyes____.A.closeB.tocloseC.closingD.closed()16.Thefatmanalwayssayshismeatlooks____andsells_____.A.good;goodB.well;wellC.good;wellD.well;good()17.Itseemsthatmenare____makingcomputersthanwomen.A.betteratB.goodatC.wellinD.weakin()18.Theword’spopulationisgrowingfasteveryminute,especiallyinsome___countriesA.westB.moredevelopedC.eastD.lessdeveloped()19.Thisbridgeisnot___longandwide____theoneinmyhometown.A.so;asB.very;thanC.too;asD.very;as()20.Ithinkthesonginthefilm“Titanic”is___oneofallthemoviesongs.A.themostbeautifulB.mostbeautifulC.muchmorebeautifulD.abeautiful()21.LinTaoisas___asZhangHua.A.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.thestrongest()22.Sarais___tired___moveafterthehardwork.A.very;toB.quite;toC.too;toD.so;that()23.Jackdidn’trun___tocatchthebus.A.enoughfastB.quicklyenoughC.enoughslowD.slowlyenough()24.Thedriverisvery___.Heoftendriveshiscar_____.A.careful;carefulB.carefully;carefullyC.carefully;carefulD.careful;carefully()25.Look!
Allthechildrenareworking___onthefarm.A.carefulB.hardC.busyD.happy()26.ThepopulationofShanghaiis___thanthatofXi’an.A.smallerB.fewerC.muchD.larger
附Ⅰ――动词的四种形式A、动三单的变法1)“辅+y”结尾,变y为i加es2)“以s;sh;ch;x;o结尾,加es3)直接加s但have----hasB、现在分词的变法1)去e加ing(e不发音)2)双写加ing(“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)3)直接加ing写出下列动词的现在分词1.see_______e________3.stop_______4.open_______5.listen_______6.drop______7.prefer________8.fix_______9.relax______10.die_______11.tie_______12.lie_______C、动词的过去式和过去分词
(一)不规则变化(见课本不规则变化表P255)
(二)规则变化1)“辅+y”结尾,变y为i加ed2)双写加ed3)直接加ed写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词1.drop_____________2.stop____________3.prefer_________________4.study____________5.try__________6.fix___________7.relax____________附Ⅱ――情态动词(can/could;may/might;must;should)+动原1.must(必须)――needn’t(不必)may(可以)――mustn’t(不许;不准;不可以)2.注意几个题:
1)―MayIgowithyou?
―No,you_________.2)―MustIturnoffthelightnow?
―Yes,you______/No,you_________附Ⅲ――动词不定式与动名词A、动词不定式作宾补1)tell/ask/wantsbtodo______________否定式:
tell/ask/wantsbnottodo______________________________2)省to不定式作宾补即:
(l,m,n,3h,2看,1f)sbdol―let;m―make;n―notice;3h―hear,have,help;2看―see,watch;1f―feel但注意:
1)helpsb(to)do(to可省、可不省)2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原eg.Someoneheardhimsingintheroom.Hewasheardtosingintheroom.B、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hope;learn;want=wouldlike;decide)todo2.(enjoy;finish;keep;mind;practise)doing8.介词+doingeg.1)What/Howaboutdoing2)begoodatdoing附Ⅳ――宾语从句与状语从句中的时态1.状语从句中的时态:
主句时间、条件句1)一般将来时2)祈使句3)情态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时eg.1)I’llcallyouassoonashe______(come)back.2)Hewon’tgotobeduntilhe_________(finish)hishomework.3)I’llhelpyouifI_____(be)freetomorrow2.宾语从句中的时态:
主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态(一般过去时;过去进行时;过去完成时;过去将来时)但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时,则只能用一般现在时。
eg.1)Hesaidhisfather_________(come)backintwodays.2)Theteachersaidlight________(travel)fasterthansound.附Ⅴ――主谓一致1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体,视为三单eg.Twomonthsisquitealongtime.2.people;police形单实为复,作主为复eg.Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.3.maths,news,physics形复实为单,作主为单4.family;class看作整体时作主语为单数;看作整体中的各成员时则为复数。
eg.1)Myfamilyisabigone.2)MyfamilyarewatchingTV.5.由with,except,aswellas连接的两名词作主语,谓语由前者决定eg.TheteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.6.由neither…nor;either…or;notonly…boutalso连接的两名词作主语,谓语由后者决定eg.NeitherhenorIamateacher.7.不定代词(something;anything;nothing;someone;anyone;everyone…)作主语为三单Nobodyknowsitexceptme.8.Oneof+复名…作主语为单数eg.Oneofmyfriendsisacomputerengineer.9.“the+姓的复数”作主语为复数eg.TheLiusarewatchingTVnow.10.sheep;deer;fish单复同形,注意区别作主语是单还是复eg.1)Therearemanysheeponthehill.2)Milk____white,andsheep______white,too.(be填空)11.therebe结构中,如果有两个以上的名词作主语,则be应与最接近的那个名词一致。
(即:
靠近原则)eg.1)There____aboxandsomepensonthedesk.2)There____somepensandaboxonthedesk.12.either,neither,each作主语为三单eg.Neitherofthetwins______(like)drawing.13.由两部分构成的事物名词(trousers,glasses,chopstick