外语英语6511周扬远《警察与赞美诗》中情景反讽的研究.docx

外语英语6511周扬远《警察与赞美诗》中情景反讽的研究.docx

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外语英语6511周扬远《警察与赞美诗》中情景反讽的研究

Britain’sGentlemanCultureinPrideandPrejudice

By

ZhouXueqin

SubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignStudiesinPartialFulfillmenttotheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsinEnglish（InternationalTrade）

UndertheSupervisionofMs.LiBo

June,2014

Acknowledgements

Igratefullyacknowledgeallthosepeoplewhohaveassistedmeintheprocessofcompletingmygraduationthesis.Withouttheirhelp,thisthesiswouldhavebeenimpossible.

Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmygreatappreciationstomysupervisor,AssociateProfessorHuangChuan,whohasgivenmeplentyofvaluableguidanceduringthewritingofthisthesis,givingmeadviceinstructiveandconstructiveinadditiontovaluableencouragement.Withouthisinspiringinstruction,impressivepatienceandincessantencouragement,Icouldhavenotsatisfactorilyfinishedthisthesis.Ishallextendmygratitudetoallhissupportandhelp.

Inaddition,Ialsowanttoshowmydeepestthankstoallmyteacherswhohavehelpedmetodevelopthisfundamentalandacademiccompetence.Thenmywarmestthanksalsogotoalltheteachersandprofessorswhohavetaughtmeoverthepastfouryears’study.Alltheachievementswehaveattainedalsoinvolvealotoftheirhardwork.

Hereandnow,Ifeelanurgetoconveymyendlessappreciationtoallmymembersoffamilyfortheirlovingcareandgivingmestrongbackingphysicallyandmentally.

Lastbutnotleast,I’mverygratefultoallmyfriendsandclassmates,especiallymylovelyroommateswhohaveofferedmequietsurroundingstocomposemythesisandexchangedideasaboutmythesiswithme.

AnAnalysisoftheSituationalIronyinTheCopandtheAnthem

Abstract:

TheCopandtheAnthemisO•Henry’smasterpiece,whichhasbecomeclassicinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Thisnovelhasbeenlookedatinmanyinterestingways.Situationalironyissuccessfullyusedinthenovelandplaysanimportantroleinthenoveltohelpreadersunderstandtheconceptofthetheme.

Thispaperisanattempttogiveacomprehensiveanalysisoftheuseofsituationalironyinthisnovelandtodiscusshowsocialrealitiesaredisclosedthroughtheremarkableuseofsituationalirony.Situationalironyisprofuseinthenovelandithelpstoreflectthethemeofthenovel.

Inthisnovel,thisrhetoricaldeviceisreflectedextraordinarilybyO.Henry.Itmakesthenovelfullofhumorous,sentimentalandsympatheticsense.ThisrhetoricaldeviceisappliednotonlytotheheroSoapybutalsotothepolice.Fromalloftheapplications,socialrealitiesandthethemeareshowedclearly.

Thethesisismadeupoffiveparts.Thefirstchaptergivesabriefintroductionofthethesisandthenovel.Alsoaliteraturereviewwhichstatessomescholar’sconcernsinthisnovelisgiven.Inthesecondchapter,anelaborateanalysisofthesituationalirony,suchasdefinitionanditsrhetoricalfunctionispresented.ChapterthreeisathematicprobeintoapplicationsofsituationalironyinTheCopandtheAnthem.Chapterfourfocusesonthefunctionsofsituationalirony.Finally,aconclusionisgiventosummarizesituationalironyinthisnovel.

KeyWords:

TheCopandtheAnthem;Situationalirony;Socialreality;Theme

《警察与赞美诗》中情景反讽的研究

摘要：

《警察与赞美诗》是欧亨利的著作,已成为美国文学史上的经典之作。

这篇小说已经被从许多有趣的角度研究过。

情景反讽在《警察与赞美诗》中得到了淋漓尽致的应用。

这种修辞手法对帮助读者理解小说主题起到重要作用。

本文试图对情景反讽在这篇小说中的应用进行详尽的分析并讨论创作该小说时的社会现实是如何通过情景反讽的应用反映出来的。

情景反讽在该小说中大量运用，对于反映小说主题起到很大作用。

在这部小说中，这种修辞手法在作者欧亨利的笔下徐徐生辉。

它使得这篇小说充满了幽默、伤感和同情的色彩。

情景反讽的修辞手法不仅运用在了主人公苏比身上，同时也体现在了警察的行为中。

通过这些情景反讽的运用，社会现实以及小说的主题都清楚的反映了出来。

论文分为五部分。

第一章对本文及小说进行了简单的介绍并在文学评论中简述一些学者对于此小说的研究。

第二章详细分析了情景反讽的有关知识，包括情景反讽的概念和它的修辞作用。

第三章主要研究了情景反讽在《警察与赞美诗》中的应用。

第四章重点分析情景反讽的作用。

最后一章总结了《警察与赞美诗》中的情景反讽。

关键词：

警察与赞美诗，情景反讽，社会现实，主题

Contents

AnAnalysisoftheSituationalIronyinTheCopandtheAnthem

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1Thepurposeofthethesis

TheCopandtheAnthem，whichreflectssocialrealityatthattime，isoneofmasterpieceswrittenbyO.Henry.Theauthorusedseveralrhetoricaldevicesincludingsituationalironytostrengthentheexpressiveeffects.ThepurposeofthisthesisistoresearchontheuseofsituationalironyinTheCopandtheAnthem.Thisthesistellsreadersthebasicknowledgeofsituationalirony,itsapplicationsandfunctionsinTheCopandtheAnthem.Inthisthesis,throughtheanalysisonapplicationsofsituationalironyinTheCopandtheAnthem,thefunctionsofsituationalironycanbereflected.

1.2TheCopandtheAnthembyO.Henry

O.HenryisthepennameofAmericanwriterWilliamSydneyPorter（September11,1862–June5,1910）.Hisstoriesarefamousfortheirhumor,punsandthecleveruseoftwistendings.Theyarefamousfortheirsurpriseendings.Theendingsareunexpectedbutacceptable.Becausehischaractersarefullofinterestinlife,O.Henryisalsocalled“thehumorousencyclopediaofAmericanlife”.Mostofhisstoriesweresetintheperiodfrom1880sto1900s.Fundamentallyaproductofhistime,O.Henry'sworkprovidesoneofthebestEnglishexamplesofcatchingtheentireflavorofanage.

TheCopandtheAnthemisashortstorywrittenbyO.HenryinDecember1904.IthasafewclassicelementsofanO.Henrystory,includingsettingsintheNewYorkCity,anempathicvisualangleatthestateofthelowerpeopleandanunexpectedending.TheCopandtheAnthemhasonecharacterthathasagivenname,thehero“Soapy”.Besides,Soapydoesnothavealastname,whichisnodoubtthatheishomeless.Thisstoryissetinanuncertaindayinautumn.Soapyfacedtheemergentneedtofindahavenforthecomingwinter.Hewasthinkingoftheprisonasashelter,andthestoryshowedhimintendedtomakethepolicetoregardhimasacriminalandputhimintoprison.However,allofhisattemptswerefailedeventually.Basedontheseattempts,Soapywasdisappointedwithhisideal,gettingjailedandimprisoned.Soapystoodattheoutsideofasmallchurch,thinkingabouthisdifficulty.Whenhelistenedtoananthem,hehadaspiritualmovement.Lostinafancy,Soapydeterminedtofindaguiderandapplyforajob.However,apolicemanaskedhimwhathewasdoing.Asheanswered“Nothing”,Soapy’sdestinywasprinted:

hewasarrestedformooning.

1.3Literaturereview

Bynow,scholarshavepaidmuchattentiontovariousaspectsofTheCopandtheAnthem.LiJiangyuanandChangXialiprobedintothetranslationskillsofTheCopandtheAnthem.Wangwenyuan,ChenYan,ZhangQingdongandKongShaohuifocusedonthethemeofthisnovel.Althoughtherewerenotafewresearchesputintoanalysisofthewritingtechniques,mostofthemstudyontheuseofhumorinTheCopandtheAnthem.SuchasTheArtofHumorin“TheCopandtheAnthem”writtenbyGuXianfenginvolvesthreeparts:

thehumoroustitle,thehumorouslanguageandthehumorousstructuretodiscussthistopic（顾险锋2009）.XueRenxiprobedintoblackhumorfromfiveaspects:

thebackground,thestoryline,thecharacterization,thenarrationmodeandtheendingofthenovelinAnalysisonTheBlackHumorin“TheCopandtheAnthem”（薛仁喜1995）.

Situationalirony,animportantrhetoricaldevice,hasbeenstudiedbyplentyofscholars.HuChunhuawroteAPragmaticStudyonSituationalIronyintheyearof2009.ComparisonbetweenSituationalIronyandVerbalIronywrittenbyZhaoYanli,bycomparesituationalironyandverbalirony,theauthorresearchedonthefeaturesandfunctionsofsituationalirony（赵艳丽2008）.Forthepastfewyears,scholarshavestartedstudyontheapplicationsofsituationalironyinliteraryworks.LiYingandZhangJiewroteOnSituationalIronyinMarkTwain’s“TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn”together.LuoQilunprobedintotheapplicationsofSituationalironyin“TheMillontheFloss”.MaYanliresearchedonintertextualtheoryofsituationalironybytaking“TessoftheD’Urbervilles”and“TheFrenchLieutenant’sWoman”asExamples.

ChapterTwoSituationalIrony

2.1Definitionofsituationalirony

Ironyisaveryimportantkindofrhetoricaldevices.Traditionally,itmeanssayingsomethingironically.Aspeakerexpresseshisorhertruemeaningbysayingsomethinginanoppositeway.Accordingtodifferentforms,ironycanbedividedintothreetypes:

situationalirony,dramaticironyandverbalirony.

Situationalironydescribesasituationinwhichactionshaveaneffectthatisoppositefromwhatisintended,sothattheoutcomeiscontrarytowhatisexpected（辛伟艳375）.Situationalironyisdescribedas“amockeryofsituation”（李定坤29）.Manyauthorsofdramas,novelsorevenpoemsdeliberatelymakethedevelopmentofplotsintoareversewaywhichistotallydifferentfromtheformeranticipation.Situationalironyisaliteraryskill.Itisalsonamedstructuralirony.Haverkatepointedoutthat“Structuralironyisuncontrolledbyhuman’sconsciousbehavior.Itisanunanticipatedsituationwhichmakesobserversfeelshockedbytheending”（77）.Lucariellobelievedthat“Situationalironyincludescomplicatedmetarepresentation,whichrepresentstheoppositesideofexpectation”（131）.Shelleythoughtthat“Situationalironypayscloseattentiontotheironicsituationdescribedbyauthors”（775-818）.Althoughtheseexpertsdefinedsituationalironyfromdifferentpointsofview,thedefinitionsallcenterontheessentialcharacteristicofsituationalirony.Situationalironydependsupontheironicintentionoftheauthorandthecharactersintheliteraryworks.Situationalironyismorefocusedontheconflictbetweenthereaders’expectancyandthetrueending.

Thereisanexampleaboutsituationalirony.“Amantakesastepasideinordertoavoidgettingsprinkledbyawetdog,andfallsintoaswimmingpool.”Theman’sintent