外语英语6511周扬远《警察与赞美诗》中情景反讽的研究.docx

1、外语英语6511周扬远警察与赞美诗中情景反讽的研究Britains Gentleman Culture in Pride and PrejudiceByZhou XueqinSubmitted to the School of Foreign Studies in Partial Fulfillment to the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in English (International Trade)Under the Supervision of Ms. Li BoJune, 2014 Acknowledgement

2、s I gratefully acknowledge all those people who have assisted me in the process of completing my graduation thesis. Without their help, this thesis would have been impossible.First and foremost, I would like to express my great appreciations to my supervisor, Associate Professor Huang Chuan, who has

3、 given me plenty of valuable guidance during the writing of this thesis, giving me advice instructive and constructive in addition to valuable encouragement. Without his inspiring instruction, impressive patience and incessant encouragement, I could have not satisfactorily finished this thesis. I sh

4、all extend my gratitude to all his support and help.In addition, I also want to show my deepest thanks to all my teachers who have helped me to develop this fundamental and academic competence. Then my warmest thanks also go to all the teachers and professors who have taught me over the past four ye

5、ars study. All the achievements we have attained also involve a lot of their hard work. Here and now, I feel an urge to convey my endless appreciation to all my members of family for their loving care and giving me strong backing physically and mentally. Last but not least, Im very grateful to all m

6、y friends and classmates, especially my lovely roommates who have offered me quiet surroundings to compose my thesis and exchanged ideas about my thesis with me.An Analysis of the Situational Irony in The Cop and the AnthemAbstract: The Cop and the Anthem is O Henrys masterpiece, which has become cl

7、assic in the history of American literature. This novel has been looked at in many interesting ways. Situational irony is successfully used in the novel and plays an important role in the novel to help readers understand the concept of the theme. This paper is an attempt to give a comprehensive anal

8、ysis of the use of situational irony in this novel and to discuss how social realities are disclosed through the remarkable use of situational irony. Situational irony is profuse in the novel and it helps to reflect the theme of the novel. In this novel, this rhetorical device is reflected extraordi

9、narily by O. Henry. It makes the novel full of humorous, sentimental and sympathetic sense. This rhetorical device is applied not only to the hero Soapy but also to the police. From all of the applications, social realities and the theme are showed clearly. The thesis is made up of five parts. The f

10、irst chapter gives a brief introduction of the thesis and the novel. Also a literature review which states some scholars concerns in this novel is given. In the second chapter, an elaborate analysis of the situational irony, such as definition and its rhetorical function is presented. Chapter three

11、is a thematic probe into applications of situational irony in The Cop and the Anthem. Chapter four focuses on the functions of situational irony. Finally, a conclusion is given to summarize situational irony in this novel. Key Words: The Cop and the Anthem; Situational irony; Social reality; Theme警察

12、与赞美诗中情景反讽的研究摘要：警察与赞美诗是欧亨利的著作,已成为美国文学史上的经典之作。这篇小说已经被从许多有趣的角度研究过。情景反讽在警察与赞美诗中得到了淋漓尽致的应用。这种修辞手法对帮助读者理解小说主题起到重要作用。 本文试图对情景反讽在这篇小说中的应用进行详尽的分析并讨论创作该小说时的社会现实是如何通过情景反讽的应用反映出来的。情景反讽在该小说中大量运用，对于反映小说主题起到很大作用。 在这部小说中，这种修辞手法在作者欧亨利的笔下徐徐生辉。它使得这篇小说充满了幽默、伤感和同情的色彩。情景反讽的修辞手法不仅运用在了主人公苏比身上，同时也体现在了警察的行为中。通过这些情景反讽的运用，社会现实

13、以及小说的主题都清楚的反映了出来。 论文分为五部分。第一章对本文及小说进行了简单的介绍并在文学评论中简述一些学者对于此小说的研究。第二章详细分析了情景反讽的有关知识，包括情景反讽的概念和它的修辞作用。第三章主要研究了情景反讽在警察与赞美诗中的应用。第四章重点分析情景反讽的作用。最后一章总结了警察与赞美诗中的情景反讽。 关键词：警察与赞美诗，情景反讽，社会现实，主题 ContentsAn Analysis of the Situational Irony in The Cop and the AnthemChapter One Introduction1.1The purpose of the

14、thesisThe Cop and the Anthem，which reflects social reality at that time，is one of masterpieces written by O. Henry. The author used several rhetorical devices including situational irony to strengthen the expressive effects. The purpose of this thesis is to research on the use of situational irony i

15、n The Cop and the Anthem. This thesis tells readers the basic knowledge of situational irony, its applications and functions in The Cop and the Anthem. In this thesis, through the analysis on applications of situational irony in The Cop and the Anthem, the functions of situational irony can be refle

16、cted.1.2 The Cop and the Anthem by O. HenryO. Henry is the pen name of American writer William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 June 5, 1910). His stories are famous for their humor, puns and the clever use of twist endings. They are famous for their surprise endings. The endings are unexpected but

17、 acceptable. Because his characters are full of interest in life, O. Henry is also called “the humorous encyclopedia of American life”. Most of his stories were set in the period from 1880s to 1900s. Fundamentally a product of his time, O. Henrys work provides one of the best English examples of cat

18、ching the entire flavor of an age. The Cop and the Anthem is a short story written by O. Henry in December 1904. It has a few classic elements of an O. Henry story, including settings in the New York City, an empathic visual angle at the state of the lower people and an unexpected ending. The Cop an

19、d the Anthem has one character that has a given name, the hero “Soapy”. Besides, Soapy does not have a last name, which is no doubt that he is homeless. This story is set in an uncertain day in autumn. Soapy faced the emergent need to find a haven for the coming winter. He was thinking of the prison

20、 as a shelter, and the story showed him intended to make the police to regard him as a criminal and put him into prison. However, all of his attempts were failed eventually. Based on these attempts, Soapy was disappointed with his ideal, getting jailed and imprisoned. Soapy stood at the outside of a

21、 small church, thinking about his difficulty. When he listened to an anthem, he had a spiritual movement. Lost in a fancy, Soapy determined to find a guider and apply for a job. However, a policeman asked him what he was doing. As he answered “Nothing”, Soapys destiny was printed: he was arrested fo

22、r mooning. 1.3 Literature review By now, scholars have paid much attention to various aspects of The Cop and the Anthem. Li Jiangyuan and Chang Xiali probed into the translation skills of The Cop and the Anthem. Wang wenyuan, Chen Yan, Zhang Qingdong and Kong Shaohui focused on the theme of this nov

23、el. Although there were not a few researches put into analysis of the writing techniques, most of them study on the use of humor in The Cop and the Anthem. Such as The Art of Humor in “The Cop and the Anthem” written by Gu Xianfeng involves three parts: the humorous title, the humorous language and

24、the humorous structure to discuss this topic (顾险锋 2009). Xue Renxi probed into black humor from five aspects: the background, the storyline, the characterization, the narration mode and the ending of the novel in Analysis on The Black Humor in “The Cop and the Anthem” (薛仁喜 1995). Situational irony,

25、an important rhetorical device, has been studied by plenty of scholars. Hu Chunhua wrote A Pragmatic Study on Situational Irony in the year of 2009. Comparison between Situational Irony and Verbal Irony written by Zhao Yanli, by compare situational irony and verbal irony, the author researched on th

26、e features and functions of situational irony (赵艳丽 2008). For the past few years, scholars have started study on the applications of situational irony in literary works. Li Ying and Zhang Jie wrote On Situational Irony in Mark Twains “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” together. Luo Qilun probed in

27、to the applications of Situational irony in “The Mill on the Floss”. Ma Yanli researched on intertextual theory of situational irony by taking “Tess of the DUrbervilles” and “The French Lieutenants Woman” as Examples.Chapter Two Situational Irony2.1 Definition of situational ironyIrony is a very imp

28、ortant kind of rhetorical devices. Traditionally, it means saying something ironically. A speaker expresses his or her true meaning by saying something in an opposite way. According to different forms, irony can be divided into three types: situational irony, dramatic irony and verbal irony.Situatio

29、nal irony describes a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what is intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what is expected (辛伟艳375). Situational irony is described as “a mockery of situation” (李定坤29). Many authors of dramas, novels or even poems deliberately make the

30、 development of plots into a reverse way which is totally different from the former anticipation. Situational irony is a literary skill. It is also named structural irony. Haverkate pointed out that “Structural irony is uncontrolled by humans conscious behavior. It is an unanticipated situation whic

31、h makes observers feel shocked by the ending” (77). Lucariello believed that “Situational irony includes complicated metarepresentation, which represents the opposite side of expectation” (131). Shelley thought that “Situational irony pays close attention to the ironic situation described by authors

32、” (775-818). Although these experts defined situational irony from different points of view, the definitions all center on the essential characteristic of situational irony. Situational irony depends upon the ironic intention of the author and the characters in the literary works. Situational irony is more focused on the conflict between the readers expectancy and the true ending. There is an example about situational irony. “A man takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool.” The mans intent