微观经济学chapter26习题答案汇编.docx

微观经济学chapter26习题答案汇编.docx

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微观经济学chapter26习题答案汇编

Chapter2ThinkingLikeanEconomists

TRUEORFALSE

1.Economistsdevisetheories,collectdata,andthenanalyzethesedatainanattempttoverifyorrefutetheirtheories.（T）

2.Whilethescientificmethodisapplicabletostudyingnaturalsciences,itisnotapplicabletostudyinganation’seconomy.（F）

3.Itisdifficultforeconomiststomakeobservationsanddeveloptheories,butitiseasyforeconomiststorunexperimentstogeneratedatatotesttheirtheories.（F）

4.Goodassumptionssimplifyaproblemwithoutsubstantiallyaffectingtheanswer.（T）

5.Assumptionscansimplifythecomplexworldandmakeiteasiertounderstand.（T）

6.Economicmodelsomitmanydetailstoallowustoseewhatistrulyimportant.（T）

7.Thecircular-flowdiagramexplains,ingeneralterms,howtheeconomyisorganizedandhowparticipantsintheeconomyinteractwithoneanother.（T）

8.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,householdsandfirmsarethedecisionmakers.（T）

9.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,factorsofproductionarethegoodsandservicesproducedbyfirms.（F）

10.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,firmsownthefactorsofproductionandusethemtoproducegoodsandservices.（F）

11.Inthecircular-flowdiagram,onelooprepresentstheflowofgoodsandservices,andtheotherlooprepresentstheflowoffactorsofproduction.（F）

12.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisagraphthatshowsthevariouscombinationsofoutputsthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactorsofproductionandtheavailableproductiontechnology.（T）

13.RefertoFigure2-1,ifthiseconomyusesallitsresourcesinthedishwasherindustry,itproduces35dishwashersandnodoghouses.（T）

Figure2-1

14.RefertoFigure2-1,itispossibleforthiseconomytoproduce75doghouses.（F）

15.RefertoFigure2-1,itispossibleforthiseconomytoproduce30doghousesand20dishwashers.（T）

16.RefertoFigure2-1,itispossibleforthiseconomytoproduce45doghousesand30dishwashers.（F）

17.RefertoFigure2-1,unemploymentcouldcausethiseconomytoproduceatpointB.（T）

18.RefertoFigure2-1,theopportunitycostofmovingfrompointAtopointDis10dishwashers.（T）

19.RefertoFigure2-1,theopportunitycostofmovingfrompointBtopointDis15doghouses.（F）

20.RefertoFigure2-1,theopportunitycostofanadditionaldoghouseincreasesasmoredoghousesareproduced.（T）

21.Ifaneconomycanproducemoreofonegoodwithoutgivingupanyofanothergood,thentheeconomy’scurrentproductionpointisinefficient.（T）

22.Whenaproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisbowedoutward,theopportunitycostofthefirstgoodintermsofthesecondgoodincreasesasmoreofthesecondgoodisproduced.（F）

23.Aproductionpossibilitiesfrontierwillbebowedoutwardifsomeoftheeconomy’sresourcesarebettersuitedtoproducingonegoodthananother.（T）

24.Whiletheproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisausefulmodel,itcannotbeusedtoillustrateeconomicgrowth.（F）

25.Microeconomicsisthestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinspecificmarkets.（T）

26.Macroeconomicsisthestudyofeconomy-widephenomena.（T）

27.Economistsactingasscientistsmakepositivestatements,whileeconomistsactingaspolicyadvisersmakenormativestatements.（T）

28.Normativestatementsdescribehowtheworldis,whilepositivestatementsprescribehowtheworldshouldbe.（F）

29."Otherthingsequal,anincreaseinsupplycausesadecreaseinprice"isanormativestatement,notapositivestatement.（F）

30.Thereisonlyoneexplanationforwhyeconomistsgiveconflictingadviceonpolicyissues,anditisthattheyhavedifferentvaluesaboutwhatpolicyshouldtrytoaccomplish.（F）

31.Theslopeofalineisequaltothechangeinthex-variabledividedbythechangeinthey-variable.（F）

Chapter3InterdependenceAndTheGainsFromTrade

TRUEORFALSE

1.Interdependenceamongindividualsandinterdependenceamongnationsarebothbasedonthegainsfromtrade.（T）

2.Ifapersonchoosesself-sufficiency,thenshecanonlyconsumewhatsheproduces.（T）

3.IfWrexcanproducemoremathproblemsperhourandmorebookreportsperhourthanMaxinecan,thenWrexcannotgainfromtradingmathproblemsandbookreportswithMaxine.（F）

4.Tradeallowsacountrytoconsumeoutsideitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.（T）

5.Opportunitycostreferstohowmanyinputsaproducerrequirestoproduceagood.（F）

6.Opportunitycostmeasuresthetrade-offbetweentwogoodsthateachproducerfaces.（T）

7.Foracountryproducingtwogoods,theopportunitycostofonegoodwillbetheinverseoftheopportunitycostoftheothergood.（T）

8.Ifoneproducerhastheabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofallgoods,thenthatsameproducerwillhavethecomparativeadvantageintheproductionofallgoodsaswell.（F）

9.Ifacountryhasthecomparativeadvantageinproducingaproduct,thenthatcountrymustalsohavetheabsoluteadvantageinproducingthatproduct.（F）

10.Ifoneproducerisabletoproduceagoodataloweropportunitycostthansomeotherproducer,thentheproducerwiththeloweropportunitycostissaidtohaveanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofthatgood.（F）

11.Unlesstwopeoplewhoareproducingtwogoodshaveexactlythesameopportunitycosts,thenonepersonwillhaveacomparativeadvantageinonegood,andtheotherpersonwillhaveacomparativeadvantageintheothergood.（T）

12.Theprincipleofcomparativeadvantagestatesthat,regardlessofthepriceatwhichtradetakesplace,everyonewillbenefitfromtradeiftheyspecializeintheproductionofthegoodforwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage.（F）

13.Tradecanbenefiteveryoneinsocietybecauseitallowspeopletospecializeinactivitiesinwhichtheyhaveacomparativeadvantage.（T）

14.Twocountriescanachievegainsfromtradeevenifonecountryhasanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofbothgoods.（T）

15.Aslongastwopeoplehavedifferentopportunitycosts,eachcangainfromtradewiththeother,sincetradeallowseachpersontoobtainagoodatapricelowerthanhisorheropportunitycost.（T）

16.Wheneachpersonspecializesinproducingthegoodinwhichheorshehasacomparativeadvantage,eachpersoncangainfromtradebuttotalproductionintheeconomyisunchanged.（F）

17.Forbothpartiestogainfromtrade,thepriceatwhichtheytrademustlieexactlyinthemiddleofthetwoopportunitycosts.（F）

18.DavidRicardowastheauthorofthe1817bookPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation.（T）

19.Internationaltrademaymakesomeindividualsinanationbetteroff,whileotherindividualsaremadeworseoff.（T）

20.Tradecanmakesomeindividualsworseoff,evenasitmakesthecountryasawholebetteroff.（T）

SHORTANSWER

1.Explainthedifferencebetweenabsoluteadvantageandcomparativeadvantage.Whichismoreimportantindeterminingtradepatterns,absoluteadvantageorcomparativeadvantage?

Why?

Absoluteadvantagereferstoproductivity,asintheproducerwhocanproduceaproductatalowercostintermsoftheresourcesusedinproduction.Comparativeadvantagereferstotheproducerwhocanproduceaproductataloweropportunitycost.Comparativeadvantageistheprincipleuponwhichtradepatternsarebased.Comparativeadvantageisbasedonopportunitycost,andopportunitycostmeasurestherealcosttoanindividualorcountryofproducingaparticularproduct.Opportunitycostisthereforetheinformationnecessaryforanindividualornationtodeterminewhethertoproduceagoodorbuyitfromsomeoneelse.

2.Theonlytwocountriesintheworld,AlphaandOmega,facethefollowingproductionpossibilitiesfrontiers.

Alpha’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontierOmega’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier

a.

Assumethateachcountrydecidestousehalfofitsresourcesintheproductionofeachgood.ShowthesepointsonthegraphsforeachcountryaspointA.

b.

Ifthesecountrieschoosenottotrade,whatwouldbethetotalworldproductionofpopcornandpeanuts?

c.

Nowsupposethateachcountrydecidestospecializeinthegoodinwhicheachhasacomparativeadvantage.Byspecializing,whatisthetotalworldproductionofeachproductnow?

d.

Ifeachcountrydecidestotrade100unitsofpopcornfor100unitsofpeanuts,showonthegraphsthegaineachcountrywouldreceivefromtrade.LabelthesepointsB.

Alpha’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontierOmega’sProductionPossibilitiesFrontier

a.

Alphawouldbeproducing125unitsofpeanutsand75unitsofpopcorn（pointAonitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontier）andOmegawouldbeproducing50unitsofpeanutsand150unitsofpopcorn（pointAonitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontier）.

b.

Thetotalworldproductionofpeanutswouldbe175unitsandthetotalworldproductionofpopcornwouldbe225units.

c.

Thetotalworldproductionofpeanutswouldnowbe250unitsandthetotalworldproductionofpopcornwouldnowbe300units.

d.

Alphawouldbeproducing250unitsofpeanutsandwouldtrade100ofthemtoOmega,leavingAlphawith150unitsofpeanuts.Alphawouldthenreceive100unitsofpopcornfromOmega.Omegawouldbeproducing300unitsofpopcornandwouldtrade100ofthemtoAlpha,leavingOmegawith200unitsofpopcorn.Omegawouldthenreceive100unitsofpeanutsfromAlpha.

Choice

1.Peoplewhoprovideyouwithgoodsandservices（b）

a.

areactingoutofgenerosity.

b.

dosobecausetheygetsomethinginreturn.

c.

havechosennottobecomeinterdependent.

d.

arerequiredtodosobythegovernment.

2.Whenaneconomistpointsoutthatyouandmillionsofotherpeopleareinterdependent,