四级写作专题修改后王国桥.docx

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四级写作专题修改后王国桥.docx

四级写作专题修改后王国桥

关与作文

许多同学在拿到作文题后,就马上雷厉风行地动手写了起来,结果不是写得一塌糊涂就是改得乱七八糟。

在四级考试的写作中,通常要分以下五个步骤进行:

审题(确定文章的体裁以及主题思想)、选材(围绕主题句进行)、腹稿(包括提纲和正文)、书写、修改。

打腹稿时确定每一段的主题句及如何展开主题句,展开段落的方式主要有:

定义、例证、因果、分析归类、比较对比、叙述等。

内容要充实,感到无语时,不妨举例说明,支持观点,以展开内容。

四级写作最好采用缩进式,段间不空行,每段首行缩进4个字母并对齐。

最少写3段,内容完整,紧扣提纲;首句正确,再求闪光(写好醒目处的句子:

作文开头、结尾、各段首句topicsentence要写得准确出色);先总后分,运用关连词使句/段连贯性好;语言简练,内容得当。

高分要领:

少出错;多出彩;善变化

棒棒糖原则:

各段首句必须是主题句,紧扣提纲,保证不出任何错误(拼写,语法等)

漂漂亮亮 12

清清楚楚10

马马乎乎8

糊里糊涂6

一塌糊涂4

1)每段首句是否回答了提纲?

2)段中其余句子能否支持段落首句?

3)文中是否有衔接成分?

4)文中是否有低级拼写语法错误?

要想取得四、六级写作高分,应做到丰富多变。

丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。

同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现,应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。

例如:

think可以替换为argue,insist,holdtheopinion等词。

句型也应富于变化,不要拘泥于主谓宾句型,可以使用强调句、倒装句、被动句、虚拟语气、主从复合句(定语从句、主语从句、状语从句等)、分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、感叹句等多种句型。

例如:

Whatwemustdoistomakesurethatthepositiveonesareencouragedandthenegativeonesareminimizedasfaraspossible.

OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.

Onnoaccountshouldwewasteourtime.

Injuredashewas,hestilltriedtohelpotherstosafety.

Itistheirstrongwillandperseverancethatcontributedtotheirsuccess.

It’sgenerallybelievedthat…..

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…..

Haditnotbeenfortheirtimelyhelp,wecouldnothavesucceeded.

尽量恰当地运用一些大学词汇代替中学词汇,如:

important---significant,crucial,vital

obvious---evidenthelpful---beneficial

many—numeroushappen---occurdanger---hazardsame---identical

lucky---fortunateremove---eliminate

basic---essential

unwilling---reluctant

disappear---vanish

作文不必写得太长,越长越容易暴露缺点,120-150字为宜。

多背:

1)精彩词汇短语;

(2)精彩句型;

(3)精彩句子(开篇语,结束语,过渡句等);(4)万能框架;(5)经典范文。

写作常用的几类关联词,作文中务必有意识地运用关联词:

1.表示举例的关联词

Agoodcaseinpointis…

Let’stakethefollowingincidentasanexample.

Icanthinkofnobetterexample/illustrationthan….

forexample/instance

Anexampleofthisinvolves…

…isoftencitedasanexample/illustration

Asanillustration,wemaytake…asanexample

2.表示列举、顺序的关联词

Thereasonswhy…areasfollows:

foronething…;foranother…

inthefirstplace…;inthesecondplace…;lastbutnotleast…

Firstofall,in addition,What’smore,

what’sworse,

Ononehand…ontheotherhand…

to begin/start with,

Firstly,…secondly,as well as,besides,furthermore,moreover,not only … butalso,

3.表示强调的关联词

mostimportantofall,asamatteroffact,undoubtedly,inanycase,withoutdoubt,firstofall,aboveall,especially,particularly,inparticular,

primarily,chiefly,otherwise,afterall,toppriorityItis…that..whoever,whatever

whether…ornotneither…noreither…or

4.表示比较、对比的关联词

incontrast(with/to),onthecontrary,

comparedwith,contraryto,

incomparisonononehand…ontheotherhand,

inthesameway,whereas

asharp/strikingcontrastbetweenAandB

AissimilartoBin……

AandBseemtohavemuchincommon

TherearealotofsimilaritiesbetweenAandB

5.表示转折的关联词

regardlessof,inspiteof,contraryto,

but,ontheotherhand,though,although,neverthless,onthecontrary,however,despite,

6.表示因果关系的关联词

owingto,duetothankstoonaccountof,asaresult,asaconsequence,consequently,

(exercises)contributeto(goodhealth),

attribute...(success)to…(hardwork),

eventually,it follows that,hence,therefore,thus,nowthat,resultin/from,leadto,in that case,accordingly,

7.表示总结的关联词

ina/oneword,tosumup,in conclusion,

in summary,to conclude,in short,inbrief,allinall,onthewhole,onbalance

Ashasbeennoted(综上所述),wecanconcludethat…

Accordingtotheaboveanalysis,wecanconcludethat…..

Fromtheabovediscussion/analysis,wecandrawtheconclusionthat….

Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wenaturallycometotheconclusionthat…

8.表示观点态度的词

Inmyopinion,asfarasI’mconcerned…,frommypointofview,Ipersonallythinkthat…

infavorof,beagainst

asfarasIknow,inmyeyes,Asforme,

tomymind,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,

9.表示条件的关联词 

Given,if,unless,whether,provided that,depending on, relyon,ontheconditionthat,incase

10.表示时间的关联词

  nowadays,inthemodernera,currently,before ,since,as,until,meanwhile,at the moment,atpresent,when,atthesametime,nosooner...than,hardly…when,whenever,as soon as,just as

务必背过下面几个经典句型:

Aseachcoinhastwosides,…maybringaboutbothbenefitsanddamages.

Everythinghastwosidesand______isnotanexception,ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

Astowhetheritshouldbe.....,therehasbeenalong-runningcontroversialdebate.

Recentlythephenomenonhasarousedwidepublicconcern,somepeopleareinalarmthat....

最近,这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注,有人开始担心______________。

Inmyopinion,thepros/advantagesof…(freeadmission)outweighitscons/disadvantages.

Confrontedwith______,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto______.Foronething,______Foranother,______

Nowadays,______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeopleandheateddebatesarerightontheirway.

Nowweareenteringanewera,fullofopportunitiesandchallenges.

 考试中关联词起着很重要的作用,熟悉并准确使用这些常用的关联词,对你的作文会有非常重要的作用。

几例写作中的常见错误:

Various(定语、表语)/a(large/wide)varietyof

Choose/choice

Benefit:

n,beofgreatbenefittosth/sb./getbenefitfrom…/forsb’sbenefit

/v,benefitfromsth.

weshouldtakepartinsomeactivitieswhatisbenefittous.

Beneficialtosb./sth

Ithinktakepartinsomerecreationalactivitiesisgoodforus.

Withpeople’slifebecomebetteraspeople’slifebecomingbetter

Suchasplaygames,watchTV…

IcandosomethingwhatIaminterestedin.Therearealsoalotofactivitiesarepreparedforus.

Astudenthasnecessarytoknowsomethingabouttheworldoutsidethecampus.

SomeonethinkCollegeEnglishteachinginChinaisnotsuccessful.

四六级作文常用模版句

(一)常用开篇语

Recently/Inrecentyears/Nowadays/Atpresent,noonecandenythefactthat……..

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenaheateddebateoverwhether….ornot

IncurrentChina,thereisagrowingconcernabout……..

Inrecentyears,theissueof……..hasarousedwidepublicconcern……..

Recently,thephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.

  Alongwiththerapid/fantasticadvance/developmentofthesociety(economy,scienceandtechnology,informationtechnology)moreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichisthat....

随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是____________。

(二)段首句

  1.关于……人们有不同的观点。

一些人认为……

  Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____.Somepeoplesuggestthat____.Whereasotherpeopleholdtheoppositeopinion(pointofview,viewpoint)

2.关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……

People'sopinionsabout______varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeopleinsistthat______.Tothem,_____.Whileothersarguethat…..

3.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

  ______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.

  4.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比图表/条形图/曲线图/成形图可以看出……。

很显然……,但是为什么呢?

  Accordingtothefigures/numbers/statistics/percentagesinthechart/bargraph/line/graph,itcanbeseenthat______.Obviously,______,butwhy?

  (三)中间段落句

  1.相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。

  Onthecontrary,therearesomepeople(whoare)infavorof___.Atthesametime,theysay____.

(四)常用的结束语句型:

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat……..

Accordingtotheaboveanalysis,itcanbeconcludedthat……

Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wenaturallycometotheconclusionthat…

GivenallthefactorsIhaveoutlined,wemaysafelyconcludethat……

From/Basedontheaboveanalysis/discussions,it’snaturalforustoconcludethat……

Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemayreasonablycometotheconclusionthat…

Onthewhole,therearemoreadvantagesthandisadvantagesintheuseof……(总结法)

Therefore,itishightimefor…..todo…….(建议法)

Asfarastheroleofinformationinthefutureisconcerned,Ibelievethatinformationwillplayamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdecision-making.(预测法)

Inparticular,IenjoywhatFrancisBaconsaid-“Studiesservefordelight,forornamentandforability”(格言谚语等引用法)

Likebuildingahouse,learningEnglishdoestakesometime.Sodon’tbeimpatient.Remember,Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.(格言谚语等引用法)

常考体裁作文模版:

1.辩论式议论文模版

2.提纲式作文模板

3.说明原因型模版

4.图表式作文模版

5.现象类作文模版

6.批评、抱怨、投诉信(应用文模版)

1.辩论式议论文模版:

模版1:

Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleabout…..(争论的焦点).

Somepeopleareinfavoroftheviewthat观点1.Whileotherstakeanoppositeside,firmlybelievingthat观点2.

AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latterviewpointispreferableinmanysenses.

模版2:

Somepeoplebelieve(argue,recognize,think)that观点1.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat观点2.

Asforme,Iagreetotheformer/latteridea.Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief.Firstofall,论据1.Moreimportantly,论据2.Mostimportantofall,论据3.Insummary,总结观点.Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto….或:

Fromtheabovediscussion,wecanpredict/concludethat…..

模版3:

Peopleholddifferentviewsabout….

Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat观点1,whileotherspointoutthat观点2.

AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latteropinionholdsmoreweight.

2.提纲式作文模板

    

(1).对立观点式

  A.有人认为…是好事,赞成…,为什么?

  B.有人认为…是坏事,反对…,为什么?

  C.我的看法。

  Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoing….Theypointoutthefactthat支持…的第一个原因。

Theyalsoarguethat支持…的另一个原因。

  However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.Theyconsideritharmfultodo….Theyfirmlypointoutthat反对…的第一个理由。

Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:

  Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesof…overweighthedisadvantages.

3.说明原因型模版

  Inrecentyears,…hascausedaheateddebateon

(1).

  Thefactorsfor…areasfollows.

(2).Firstofall,…(3).Inaddition,ther

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