四级写作专题修改后王国桥.docx
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四级写作专题修改后王国桥
关与作文
许多同学在拿到作文题后,就马上雷厉风行地动手写了起来,结果不是写得一塌糊涂就是改得乱七八糟。
在四级考试的写作中,通常要分以下五个步骤进行:
审题(确定文章的体裁以及主题思想)、选材(围绕主题句进行)、腹稿(包括提纲和正文)、书写、修改。
打腹稿时确定每一段的主题句及如何展开主题句,展开段落的方式主要有:
定义、例证、因果、分析归类、比较对比、叙述等。
内容要充实,感到无语时,不妨举例说明,支持观点,以展开内容。
四级写作最好采用缩进式,段间不空行,每段首行缩进4个字母并对齐。
最少写3段,内容完整,紧扣提纲;首句正确,再求闪光(写好醒目处的句子:
作文开头、结尾、各段首句topicsentence要写得准确出色);先总后分,运用关连词使句/段连贯性好;语言简练,内容得当。
高分要领:
少出错;多出彩;善变化
棒棒糖原则:
各段首句必须是主题句,紧扣提纲,保证不出任何错误(拼写,语法等)
漂漂亮亮 12
清清楚楚10
马马乎乎8
糊里糊涂6
一塌糊涂4
1)每段首句是否回答了提纲?
2)段中其余句子能否支持段落首句?
3)文中是否有衔接成分?
4)文中是否有低级拼写语法错误?
要想取得四、六级写作高分,应做到丰富多变。
丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。
同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现,应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。
例如:
think可以替换为argue,insist,holdtheopinion等词。
句型也应富于变化,不要拘泥于主谓宾句型,可以使用强调句、倒装句、被动句、虚拟语气、主从复合句(定语从句、主语从句、状语从句等)、分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、感叹句等多种句型。
例如:
Whatwemustdoistomakesurethatthepositiveonesareencouragedandthenegativeonesareminimizedasfaraspossible.
OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.
Onnoaccountshouldwewasteourtime.
Injuredashewas,hestilltriedtohelpotherstosafety.
Itistheirstrongwillandperseverancethatcontributedtotheirsuccess.
It’sgenerallybelievedthat…..
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…..
Haditnotbeenfortheirtimelyhelp,wecouldnothavesucceeded.
尽量恰当地运用一些大学词汇代替中学词汇,如:
important---significant,crucial,vital
obvious---evidenthelpful---beneficial
many—numeroushappen---occurdanger---hazardsame---identical
lucky---fortunateremove---eliminate
basic---essential
unwilling---reluctant
disappear---vanish
作文不必写得太长,越长越容易暴露缺点,120-150字为宜。
多背:
1)精彩词汇短语;
(2)精彩句型;
(3)精彩句子(开篇语,结束语,过渡句等);(4)万能框架;(5)经典范文。
写作常用的几类关联词,作文中务必有意识地运用关联词:
1.表示举例的关联词
Agoodcaseinpointis…
Let’stakethefollowingincidentasanexample.
Icanthinkofnobetterexample/illustrationthan….
forexample/instance
Anexampleofthisinvolves…
…isoftencitedasanexample/illustration
Asanillustration,wemaytake…asanexample
2.表示列举、顺序的关联词
Thereasonswhy…areasfollows:
foronething…;foranother…
inthefirstplace…;inthesecondplace…;lastbutnotleast…
Firstofall,in addition,What’smore,
what’sworse,
Ononehand…ontheotherhand…
to begin/start with,
Firstly,…secondly,as well as,besides,furthermore,moreover,not only … butalso,
3.表示强调的关联词
mostimportantofall,asamatteroffact,undoubtedly,inanycase,withoutdoubt,firstofall,aboveall,especially,particularly,inparticular,
primarily,chiefly,otherwise,afterall,toppriorityItis…that..whoever,whatever
whether…ornotneither…noreither…or
4.表示比较、对比的关联词
incontrast(with/to),onthecontrary,
comparedwith,contraryto,
incomparisonononehand…ontheotherhand,
inthesameway,whereas
asharp/strikingcontrastbetweenAandB
AissimilartoBin……
AandBseemtohavemuchincommon
TherearealotofsimilaritiesbetweenAandB
5.表示转折的关联词
regardlessof,inspiteof,contraryto,
but,ontheotherhand,though,although,neverthless,onthecontrary,however,despite,
6.表示因果关系的关联词
owingto,duetothankstoonaccountof,asaresult,asaconsequence,consequently,
(exercises)contributeto(goodhealth),
attribute...(success)to…(hardwork),
eventually,it follows that,hence,therefore,thus,nowthat,resultin/from,leadto,in that case,accordingly,
7.表示总结的关联词
ina/oneword,tosumup,in conclusion,
in summary,to conclude,in short,inbrief,allinall,onthewhole,onbalance
Ashasbeennoted(综上所述),wecanconcludethat…
Accordingtotheaboveanalysis,wecanconcludethat…..
Fromtheabovediscussion/analysis,wecandrawtheconclusionthat….
Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wenaturallycometotheconclusionthat…
8.表示观点态度的词
Inmyopinion,asfarasI’mconcerned…,frommypointofview,Ipersonallythinkthat…
infavorof,beagainst
asfarasIknow,inmyeyes,Asforme,
tomymind,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,
9.表示条件的关联词
Given,if,unless,whether,provided that,depending on, relyon,ontheconditionthat,incase
10.表示时间的关联词
nowadays,inthemodernera,currently,before ,since,as,until,meanwhile,at the moment,atpresent,when,atthesametime,nosooner...than,hardly…when,whenever,as soon as,just as
务必背过下面几个经典句型:
Aseachcoinhastwosides,…maybringaboutbothbenefitsanddamages.
Everythinghastwosidesand______isnotanexception,ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.
Astowhetheritshouldbe.....,therehasbeenalong-runningcontroversialdebate.
Recentlythephenomenonhasarousedwidepublicconcern,somepeopleareinalarmthat....
最近,这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注,有人开始担心______________。
Inmyopinion,thepros/advantagesof…(freeadmission)outweighitscons/disadvantages.
Confrontedwith______,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto______.Foronething,______Foranother,______
Nowadays,______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeopleandheateddebatesarerightontheirway.
Nowweareenteringanewera,fullofopportunitiesandchallenges.
考试中关联词起着很重要的作用,熟悉并准确使用这些常用的关联词,对你的作文会有非常重要的作用。
几例写作中的常见错误:
Various(定语、表语)/a(large/wide)varietyof
Choose/choice
Benefit:
n,beofgreatbenefittosth/sb./getbenefitfrom…/forsb’sbenefit
/v,benefitfromsth.
weshouldtakepartinsomeactivitieswhatisbenefittous.
Beneficialtosb./sth
Ithinktakepartinsomerecreationalactivitiesisgoodforus.
Withpeople’slifebecomebetteraspeople’slifebecomingbetter
Suchasplaygames,watchTV…
IcandosomethingwhatIaminterestedin.Therearealsoalotofactivitiesarepreparedforus.
Astudenthasnecessarytoknowsomethingabouttheworldoutsidethecampus.
SomeonethinkCollegeEnglishteachinginChinaisnotsuccessful.
四六级作文常用模版句
(一)常用开篇语
Recently/Inrecentyears/Nowadays/Atpresent,noonecandenythefactthat……..
Inrecentyears,therehasbeenaheateddebateoverwhether….ornot
IncurrentChina,thereisagrowingconcernabout……..
Inrecentyears,theissueof……..hasarousedwidepublicconcern……..
Recently,thephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.
Alongwiththerapid/fantasticadvance/developmentofthesociety(economy,scienceandtechnology,informationtechnology)moreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichisthat....
随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是____________。
(二)段首句
1.关于……人们有不同的观点。
一些人认为……
Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____.Somepeoplesuggestthat____.Whereasotherpeopleholdtheoppositeopinion(pointofview,viewpoint)
2.关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……
People'sopinionsabout______varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeopleinsistthat______.Tothem,_____.Whileothersarguethat…..
3.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.
4.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比图表/条形图/曲线图/成形图可以看出……。
很显然……,但是为什么呢?
Accordingtothefigures/numbers/statistics/percentagesinthechart/bargraph/line/graph,itcanbeseenthat______.Obviously,______,butwhy?
(三)中间段落句
1.相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。
Onthecontrary,therearesomepeople(whoare)infavorof___.Atthesametime,theysay____.
(四)常用的结束语句型:
Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat……..
Accordingtotheaboveanalysis,itcanbeconcludedthat……
Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wenaturallycometotheconclusionthat…
GivenallthefactorsIhaveoutlined,wemaysafelyconcludethat……
From/Basedontheaboveanalysis/discussions,it’snaturalforustoconcludethat……
Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemayreasonablycometotheconclusionthat…
Onthewhole,therearemoreadvantagesthandisadvantagesintheuseof……(总结法)
Therefore,itishightimefor…..todo…….(建议法)
Asfarastheroleofinformationinthefutureisconcerned,Ibelievethatinformationwillplayamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdecision-making.(预测法)
Inparticular,IenjoywhatFrancisBaconsaid-“Studiesservefordelight,forornamentandforability”(格言谚语等引用法)
Likebuildingahouse,learningEnglishdoestakesometime.Sodon’tbeimpatient.Remember,Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.(格言谚语等引用法)
常考体裁作文模版:
1.辩论式议论文模版
2.提纲式作文模板
3.说明原因型模版
4.图表式作文模版
5.现象类作文模版
6.批评、抱怨、投诉信(应用文模版)
1.辩论式议论文模版:
模版1:
Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleabout…..(争论的焦点).
Somepeopleareinfavoroftheviewthat观点1.Whileotherstakeanoppositeside,firmlybelievingthat观点2.
AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latterviewpointispreferableinmanysenses.
模版2:
Somepeoplebelieve(argue,recognize,think)that观点1.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat观点2.
Asforme,Iagreetotheformer/latteridea.Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief.Firstofall,论据1.Moreimportantly,论据2.Mostimportantofall,论据3.Insummary,总结观点.Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto….或:
Fromtheabovediscussion,wecanpredict/concludethat…..
模版3:
Peopleholddifferentviewsabout….
Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat观点1,whileotherspointoutthat观点2.
AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latteropinionholdsmoreweight.
2.提纲式作文模板
(1).对立观点式
A.有人认为…是好事,赞成…,为什么?
B.有人认为…是坏事,反对…,为什么?
C.我的看法。
Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoing….Theypointoutthefactthat支持…的第一个原因。
Theyalsoarguethat支持…的另一个原因。
However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.Theyconsideritharmfultodo….Theyfirmlypointoutthat反对…的第一个理由。
Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:
Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesof…overweighthedisadvantages.
3.说明原因型模版
Inrecentyears,…hascausedaheateddebateon
(1).
Thefactorsfor…areasfollows.
(2).Firstofall,…(3).Inaddition,ther