高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解之科技类3 专题学案 新人教版.docx

高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解之科技类3 专题学案 新人教版.docx

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高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解之科技类3专题学案新人教版

专题三阅读理解之科技类（3）（新课标）

三、科技类

【典例探究】

（2010·山东卷·D）

Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri（MU）researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.

“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity（密度）”，saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope（放射性同位素）batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”

Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystems（M/NEMS）.Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.

“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid,“However,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”

Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor（半导体）.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconducto

rratherthanasolidsemiconductor.

“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure（晶体结构）ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”

TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.

【文章大意】本篇为科普短文，介绍由美国密苏里大学研究者所开发的核能电池的情况。

71.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?

A.HeteacheschemistryatMU. B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.

C.Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.

D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.

72.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.

A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused.

C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.

73.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.

A.getridoftheradioactivewaste  B.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.

C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure.

74.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery_______.

A.usesasolidsemiconductor       B.willsoonreplacethepresentones.

C.couldbeextremelythin          D.haspassedthefinaltest.

75.Thetextismostprobablya________.

A.sciencenewsreport       B.bookreview   

C.newspaperad  D.sciencefictionstory

【答案解析】

71.【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第一段的UniversityofMissouri（MU）researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient及第三段的叙述可知，Kwon在研究一种核能电池，所以C项正确。

72.【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据文章第四段可知Kwon举例的目的是为了说明核能电池是安全性。

73.【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure（晶体结构）ofthesolidsemiconductor,”及“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”可知，通过使用液态半导体材料，可减少对晶体结构的破坏。

74.【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair可知C项正确。

75.【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

本文讲述了Kwon的原子能电池的有关情况，文章体裁应属于科普文章，所以A项正确。

【跟踪演练】

1、（2011·安徽省巢湖市高三第一次教学质量检测）

ScientistshavefoundthathumaneyesaremorelikelytobedamagedbyUVrays（紫外线）whileskiinginthesnow-coveredareasthansittingonthebeach,accordingtoareportbytheUKnewspaperTheTelegraph.

TheresearchersatKanazawaMedicalUniversity,JapanandAmericancompanyJohnson

Johnsonconductedthestudytogether.Theylookedattheeffectsoflightreflectiononnewlyfallensnowonaskitrail（aroughpath）inIshikawaDistrict,northernJapan.TheycomparedtheresultswiththelevelsofUVraysonasandbeachinsouthernJapan'sOkinawaDistrict.

Theyfoundthatonthebeach,eyesareexposedtoadaily260kilojoules（千焦耳）ofUVasquaremetercomparedto658kilojoulesinsnow-coveredareas.

The

findingsaresupportedbytheJapanMeteorologicalAgency.Accordingtotheagen-cy,thereflectionrateofUVlightonbeachesisoftenbetween10and25percent,comparedto80percentinthenewsnowareas.Theamountoflightincreased4percentwitha300-meterriseinheight.

MostofusknowthatUVrayscanharmtheskin.That'swhywewearsunscreenonourskinbeforewegetoutinthesun.ButmanyofusmaynotrealizethatUVraysarealsoharmfultotheeyes.

IfyoureyesareexposedtolargeamountsofUVradiationoverashortperiodoftime,youmayexperienceakindofsunburnoftheeye,whichisharmful.Youreyeswillbecomeredandfeelastrangefeeling.Theymaybesensitivetolight.Fortunately,thisisusuallytemporary（暂时的）andseldomcausespermanentdamagetotheeyes.

Long-termexposuretoUVradiation,however,canbemoreserious.ScientificstudiesandresearcheshaveshownthatexposuretosmallamountsofUVradiationoveraperiodofmanyyearsincreasesthechanceofeyedamage,whichcouldleadtototalblindness.

67.Youwouldmostlikelyfindthearticlein

A.adoctor'sdiaryB.atraveljournal

C.amedicalmagazineD.aphysicstextbook

68.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE

accordingtothepassage?

A.ToomucheyeexposuretoUVraysmaycausetotalblindness.

B.Short-timeexposureoftheeyestoUVraysdoesn'tharmt

hematall.

C.MostpeopleknowthatUVraysharmtheeyesaswellastheskin.

D.ThestudywasconductedbyresearchersfromJapan,theUSAandtheUK.

69.Theunderlinedword"sunscreen"inParagraph5mostprobablymeans______.

A.sunglassesB.sunhatC.suncreamD.sunburn

70.Whatwillthepassagemostprobablytalkaboutnext?

A.NeverskionnewlyfallensnowinJapan.

B.Gotohospitaltohaveyoureyesexamined.

C.Wearingahatcanprovideprotectionwhileskiinginnewsnowareas.

D.Takesomemeasurestoprotectyoureyeswhileskiinginnewsnowareas.

2、（2010·河北省衡水中学三模A卷）Asyoudashoutdoorsinthemiddleofwinter,youmightmakeithalfwaydowntheblockbeforerealizingthatyourearsarefreezingbecauseyouforgotyourha

t.

Now,scientistshaveshownthateventhoughyou’vehadanapparentmemorylapse（丧失）,yourbrainneverforgotwhatyoushouldhavedone.

Memoryworksmainlybyassociation.Forexample,asyoutrytorememberwhereyouleftyourkeys,youmightrecallyoulasthadtheminthelivingroom,whichremindsyouthattherewasanadforsoapontelevision,whichremindsyouthatyouneedsoap,andsoon.Andthen,asyou’reheadingoutofthedoortobuysoap,yourememberthatyourkeysareonthekitchencounter.Yourbrainknewwherethekeyswereallalong.Itjusttookaround-aboutwaytogetthere.

Now,scientistsattheSalkInstituteforBiologicalStudiesarestudyingassociativememoryinmonkeystofigureoutjusthowthiscomplicatedprocessworks

First,theresearcherstrainedagroupofmonkeystorememberarbitrary（任意的）pairsofsymbols.Theresearchersshowedthemonkeysonesymbol（coldweather）andthengavethemthechoiceoftwoothersymbols,oneofwhich（ahat）wouldbeassociatedwiththefirst.Acorrectchoicewouldearnthemasipoftheirfavoritejuice.

Mostofthemonkeysperformedthetestperfectly,butonekeptmakingmistakes.

“Wewonderedwhathappenedinthebrainwhenthemonkeymadethewrongchoice,althoughitapparentlylearnedtherightpairingofsymbols,”saidstudyleaderThomasAlbright.

Albrightandhisteamobservedsignalsfromthenervecellsinthemonkey’sinferiortemporalcortex（ITC）,anareaofitsbrainusedforvisualpatternrecognitionandforstoringthistypeofmemory.

Asthemonkeywasdecidingwhichsymboltochoose,aboutaquarteroftheactivityintheITCwasduetothechoicebehavior.

Meanwhile,morethanhalftheactivitywasinadifferentgroupofnervecells,whichscientistsbelieverepresentthemonkey’smemoryofthecorrectsymbolpairing,andsurprisingly,thesecellscontinuedtofireevenwhenthemonkeychosethewrongsymbol.

“Inthissense,thecells‘knew’morethanthemonkeysletonintheirbehavior,”Albrightsaid.“Thus,behaviormayvary,butknowledgeendures.”

57．Theexampleofthekeysandsoapisgiventoexplaintherelationshipbetween__________.

A．memorylapseandhumanbrainB．memoryandassociation

C．memoryandtelevisionadsD．memoryandourdailylife

58．Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthegeneralideaofthetext?

A．Yourbrainmayforgetsomething,butnotalways.

B．Activityisaround-aboutwaytomemory.

C．Yourbrainrememberswhatyouforget.

D．Monkeyshavebettermemorythanus.

59．Theresearchersbelievethemonkeythatmadethewrongchoice________.

A．alsoknewthecorrectanswerB．hadtheworstmemory

C．failedtoseetheobjectswellD．hadsometroublewithitsnervesystem

60．Theunderlinedword“endures”maybebestreplacedby__________.

A．disappearsB．increasesC．improvesD．remains

3、（2010·河北省正定中学三模）Whenimportanteventsarehappeningaroundtheworld,mostpeopleturntotraditionalmediasources,suchasCNNandBBCforthenews．However,duringthewarinIraqin2003,manypeoplefollowedthewarfromthepointofviewofanunknownIraqicitizenwhocalledhimself“SalamPax”．（SalamPaxmeanspeace）

SalamPaxwroteadiaryabouteverydaylifeinBaghdadduringthewar,andposteditonhiswebsite．Pax’sonlinediarywasakindofwebsiteknownasa“blog”．Blogsareonli