高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解之科技类3 专题学案 新人教版.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解之科技类3 专题学案 新人教版专题三 阅读理解之科技类（3）（新课标）三、科技类【典例探究】（2010山东卷D）Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devic

2、es themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “T

3、he radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS)

4、. Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.“People hear the word nuclear and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems

5、.”His new idea is not only in the batterys size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice struc

6、ture(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they ho

7、pe to increase the batterys power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.【文章大意】本篇为科普短文，介绍由美国密苏里大学研究者所开发的核能电池的情况。71. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A. He teaches chemistry at MU. B. He developed a che

8、mical battery.C. He is working on a nuclear energy source. D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.72. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_.A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied. B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.C. to describe a nuclear-powered system. D. t

9、o introduce various energy sources.73. Liquid semiconductor is used to _.A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries.C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.74. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _.A. uses a solid sem

10、iconductor B. will soon replace the present ones.C. could be extremely thin D. has passed the final test.75. The text is most probably a _.A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story【答案解析】71. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing

11、a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient及第三段的叙述可知，Kwon在研究一种核能电池，所以C项正确。72. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知Kwon举例的目的是为了说明核能电池是安全性。73. 【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,”及“By using a liquid semiconductor, we

12、 believe we can minimize that problem.”可知，通过使用液态半导体材料，可减少对晶体结构的破坏。74. 【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair可知C项正确。75. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲述了Kwon的原子能电池的有关情况，文章体裁应属于科普文章，所以A项正确。【跟踪演练】1、（2011安徽省巢湖市高三第一次教学质量检测）Scientists have found that human eyes are more

13、likely to be damaged by UV rays (紫外线) while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach, according to a report by the UK newspaper The Telegraph.The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University, Japan and American company JohnsonJohnson conducted the study together. They looked at the e

14、ffects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail (a rough path) in Ishikawa District, northern Japan. They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japans Okinawa District.They found that on the beach, eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules (千焦耳)

15、of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.The findings are supported by the Japan Meteorological Agency. According to the agen- cy, the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of l

16、ight increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.Most of us know that UV rays can harm the skin. Thats why we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun. But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radi

17、ation over a short period of time, you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye, which is harmful. Your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling. They may be sensitive to light. Fortunately, this is usually temporary (暂时的) and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.Long-term exposure t

18、o UV radiation, however, can be more serious. Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.67. You would most likely find the article inA. a doctors diar

19、y B. a travel journalC. a medical magazine D. a physics textbook68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesnt harm them at all.C. Most people know that UV rays

20、harm the eyes as well as the skin.D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan, the USA and the UK.69. The underlined word sunscreen in Paragraph 5 most probably means _.A. sunglasses B. sunhat C. suncream D. sunburn70. What will the passage most probably talk about next?A. Never ski on newl

21、y fallen snow in Japan.B. Go to hospital to have your eyes examined.C. Wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.2、 （2010河北省衡水中学三模A卷）As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it hal

22、fway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.Now, scientists have shown that even though youve had an apparent memory lapse(丧失), your brain never forgot what you should have done. Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember

23、where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as youre heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen coun

24、ter. Your brain knew where the keys were all along. It just took a round-about way to get there.Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works First, the researchers trained a group of monk

25、eys to remember arbitrary(任意的) pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol(cold weather) and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which (a hat) would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.Most of the monkeys

26、 performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in th

27、e monkeys inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.Meanwhile, more than half the activity w

28、as in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monkeys memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to fire even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.“In this sense, the cells knew more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Alb

29、right said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.”57The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between _. Amemory lapse and human brain Bmemory and association Cmemory and television ads Dmemory and our daily life58Which of the following best expresses the gener

30、al idea of the text? AYour brain may forget something, but not always. BActivity is a round-about way to memory.CYour brain remembers what you forget. DMonkeys have better memory than us.59The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice _.Aalso knew the correct answer Bhad the worst me

31、moryCfailed to see the objects well Dhad some trouble with its nerve system60The underlined word “endures” may be best replaced by _. Adisappears Bincreases Cimproves Dremains3、（2010河北省正定中学三模）When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media sources, such as

32、 CNN and BBC for the newsHowever, during the war in Iraq in 2003, many people followed the war from the point of view of an unknown Iraqi citizen who called himself “Salam Pax ” (Salam Pax means peace) Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his websitePaxs online diary was a kind of website known as a “blog”Blogs are onli