Comparison of English and Chinese Taboos 英汉禁忌语的比较英语专业毕业论文.docx

Comparison of English and Chinese Taboos 英汉禁忌语的比较英语专业毕业论文.docx

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ComparisonofEnglishandChineseTaboos英汉禁忌语的比较英语专业毕业论文

ComparisonofEnglishandChineseTaboos

英汉禁忌语的比较

摘要

禁忌语既是人类社会普遍存在的一种复杂的文化现象，又是不同社会的人们的一种约定俗成。

在禁忌的对象、禁忌习俗、禁忌心理等方面，不同民族既有独特性又有共同性。

在跨文化交际中，禁忌无处不在，并对人们有着强有力的现实约束力。

本论文在前人研究的基础上，比较英语和汉语中的禁忌语。

运用举例的方法，分析总结语音、词汇方面英汉禁忌语的共性，中西方在隐私、数字、称呼方面禁忌语的差异。

从民族文化和交际者自身情况两方面因素分析由英汉禁忌语引起的跨文化交际问题的原因，针对由禁忌语引起的跨文化交际冲突提出防范对策，从而帮助人们在中英跨文化交际中达到更好的交际效果。

关键词：

禁忌语比较防范对策

ABSTRACT

Tabooisnotonlyacomplexculturalphenomenonofhumansociety,butalsoestablishedbyusage.Inthelong-termpractice,thehumanbuiltanddevelopedconstantlywiththeirownlanguageandculture,whileestablisheddifferentlanguagepatternsandculturalcircles.Incross-culturalcommunication,tabooexistseverywhereandhasastrongpracticalbindingtopeople.

Onthebasisofpreviousstudies,thisthesiscomparestaboowordsinEnglishandChinese.Withthemethodofensample,peoplecananalyzeandsummarizethecommonnessbetweenEnglishandChinesetaboowordsovervoice,vocabulary,andtheconceptualdifferencesinprivacy,numberandnamebetweenChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries.Thisthesisanalyzesthefactorsleadingthedifferencesamongtaboowordsbasedontheimpactofnationalcultureontabooswordsandtheparticipants’personalcircumstances,andproposepreventivemeasurestosolvetheconflictscausedbytaboowordsininterculturalcommunication.Thusthecommunicationincross-culturecommunicationcanachievehigherlevel.

KEYWORDS:

taboowordscomparisonpreventivestrategy

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract（Chinese）----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract（English）---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

2.AspectsofTaboos----------------------------------------------------------------------3

2.1OriginandHistory-----------------------------------------------------------------------3

2.2Performance-------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

2.2.1Appellation---------------------------------------------------------------------------4

2.2.2QuestionWords----------------------------------------------------------------------4

2.2.3SensitiveTopics----------------------------------------------------------------------5

2.2.4Obscene,ProfaneandAbusiveWords--------------------------------------------5

2.3PragmaticFeaturesofTaboosinInterculturalCommunication--------------------6

2.3.1Universality--------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.3.2Transmutability----------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.3.3Nationality----------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.3.4Succession----------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.3.5ClassCharacter----------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.3.6Circumbendibus---------------------------------------------------------------------8

3.TheSimilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglishTabooWords---------------------------8

3.1InPronunciation--------------------------------------------------------------------------8

3.2InVocabulary-----------------------------------------------------------------------------9

3.2.1Death---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

3.2.2Toilet---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

3.2.3Curse---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

3.2.4DiseaseandDisability-------------------------------------------------------------9

3.2.5Sexism-------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

4.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishTabooWords-------------------------10

4.1InPrivacy--------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

4.2InNumbers------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

4.3InNames----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

5.ReasonstoCauseConflict------------------------------------------------------------------11

5.1TheImpactofNationalCultureonTabooWords----------------------------------12

5.2TheImpactofParticipants’PersonalCircumstances------------------------------14

5.2.1Age---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

5.2.2Sex---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

5.2.3CulturalTraining-------------------------------------------------------------------14

5.2.4RelationshipbetweenCommunicators----------------------------------15

5.2.5Occasions---------------------------------------------------------------------------15

5.2.6SocialFactors---------------------------------------------------------------------15

6.TheSolutionstoAvoidConflicts----------------------------------------------------------15

6.1Avoidance--------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

6.2Euphemism------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

6.3HidingTruth-----------------------------------------------------------------------------18

6.4Neutral------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18

7.Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

7.1Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

7.2SuggestionsforFurtherResearch----------------------------------------------------20

Bibliography-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21

1.Introduction

Languageisasocialphenomenon,whichdeterminesthatlanguagesystemisnotaclosedsystem,butlinkedinextricablywithothers.Chomskyoncesaid“People'slanguageisalwaysaffectedbyvariousformsofsocialandculturalfactors.Whenwestudythelanguage,itisofsomepeoplethatmightbecalledhumannatureofthings,thatthepsychologicalcharacteristicswithhumans,asfarasweknow,thesefeaturesareuniquetohumans.”Obviously,languageistheembodimentofhumannature.Itreflectsacultureandthemodeofthinking.Asweallknow,cultureisthesumofbeliefs,habits,livingpatternsandbehaviorsfordifferentnationalities.Differentnationshavedifferentculturalbackgrounds,whichinfluencethedevelopmentoftheirlanguage.Asthecarrierofculture,alanguagealsoshowsthespecificcharactertoitsnation.Meanwhile,languageisatoolforhuman’sthoughtandcommunication.Thougharbitraryisthenatureoflanguage,whencertainwordshavebeenmentioned,certainscenewillpresentinpeople'seyesandcausepsychologicalreactions.Asaresult,peopleexpecttoavoidorindirectreferencetheunhappywords.Thisisthephenomenonoftaboolanguage.Forforeignlanguagelearners,learningaforeignlanguageisnotonlytolearnthelanguage,butalsotounderstanditsculture.Itisthecombinationofgoingthroughcomplexpsychologicalprocessesandexploringwaysofthinkingandpsychologicalcharacteristicsunderdifferentculturalbackground.

Inthepasttwodecades,withtheprocessofhumanglobalizationandinformation,peopleindifferentregionswithdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatedwitheachothermoreandmorefrequently.Cross-culturalcommunicationhasbecomeanimportantfeaturetotheworld.Inhuman’slifetime,theyreceiveorsendinformationallthetime.Verballanguagebecomesthemostimportantformofcommunication.However,incross-culturalcommunication,lackingtheknowledgeofforeignlanguageandtheunderstandingofaliencultureoftenleadthefailureanderrors.Forexample,makingacirclewiththethumbandforefingerandstraighteningtheotherthreefingersrepresent“Victory”intheUnitedStates,“Insulting”inBraziland“Money”inJapan.Ifpeopleonlyknowitsmeaningas“Victory”,itwillbringpuzzleandmisunderstandingtoJapanesepeopleandBrazilians.

Clearly,culturaldiscrepancyofcommunicatorshasseriouslyaffectedcommunication,andisanimportantfeaturewhichcausesthefailureofcross-culturalcommunication.Tabooisoneofthemostimportantfactorsleadingcultureconflict.Therefore,thestudyoftaboosisanimportanttheoreticalandpracticalissueinthestudyofcross-culturalpragmatic.Though,thestudyoftaboosoninterculturalcommunicationhasimportanttheoreticalsignificanceandvalueinthestudiesofcontemporarylinguistics.Theacademiadoesnotpayenoughattentiontothissubject.

Somewesternscholarsbegantofocusonrelevanttopicsfromthe50thinthe19thcentury.Then,thestudygraduallyexpandedallaroundtheworld.Fromthecontentsviewofcross-culturalcommunicationstudy,mainlyrelatedto:

theCulturalDifferencesofSpeechCommunicationandtheDifferencesofNon-verbalCommunication.Theemphasisofresearchesbiasedtowardexperienceandpractice.Thesubstanceisextensive,butthesystemisbulky.Inbrief,thestudywentaccordingtolinguistics-strictsystemwithnarrowcontent.Studiesofcross-culturalpragmaticsstartedrelativelylateinourcountry.HeDaokuanandHuWenshiaretheearliestscholarsofthisfieldathome.Togetherwithotherscholarspromoting,thedevelopmentofthisfieldandplaysanactiveroleinthisarea.However,therearestillproblemsonthissubjectindomesticresearch.Someresearchestalkedingeneralities.Lackin