高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解人生百味及解析.docx

高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解人生百味及解析.docx

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高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解人生百味及解析

高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解（人生百味）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类

1．阅读理解

   ButterflyGarden（PermanentExhibit）

   Walkamongthefree-flyingresidentsofthiswarmconservatory.ItisawonderfulopportunitytogetclosetoavarietyoflivingbutterfliesfromNewEnglandandacrosstheglobe.The"EmergenceBox"offersawindowintothebutterflybehavior.Lookinsidetoseehangingchrysalids（蝶蛹）transformintoadultbutterflies.Ticketsarerequiredandvisitorsshouldreserveatleasttwoweeksinadvance.

   ABird'sWorld（PermanentExhibit）

   ThisexhibitfeaturestheMuseum'sextraordinarycollectionofbirds,displayingover300speciesfoundinNewEngland.Here,youcanlearntointerpretthebirdlanguagetakingplacejustoutsideyourwindowathome.

   Testyourobservationskillsandseeifyoucangetpastdifferentbirdswithoutthemalerting（发信号）otheranimalstoyourpresence

 Learntoidentifybirdsfromadistancebyrecognizinguniqueflightpatterns.PracticeyourflyingtechniqueintheBirdWalk.

   HallofHumanLife（PermanentExhibit）

   Shouldyouhaveyourbaby'sDNAsequenced?

Whatkeepsyouawake?

StepinsidetheHallofHumanLife,theMuseum'snewbiologyexhibition,andencountersuchfar-reachingquestionsonanamazingjourneyinsidethehumanbody.Throughdigitalmediaandpersonalinteraction,youbecome"partofthestory',asyoucontributeyourowndatainaprocessoflearninganddiscovery.

   BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife（TemporaryExhibitNowOpen!

）

   BODYWORLDScomestotheMuseumofSciencewithanewchapter,GunthervonHagens'BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife.Don'tmissthistrulyuniqueopportunitytolookwithinyourselfandgainawholenewperspectiveonwhatitmeanstobealive.Morethanonehundredpreservedhumanspecimensrevealthewondersofhumandevelopmentandshowhowpoorhealth,goodhealth,andlifestylechoicescanshapeyourbody.

（1）Whichexhibitdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.ButterflyGarden

B.ABird'sWorld

C.HallofHumanLife

D.BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife

（2）WhatcanyoudoinABird'sWorld?

A.Improveyourownflyingtechnique.

B.Communicatewithbirdsinbodylanguage.

C.Watchdigitalmediashowingbirds'history.

D.Seedifferentbirdsfromallovertheworld.

（3）WhatisspecialaboutBODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife?

A.Itisrelatedtohumanbody.

B.Itlastsforonlyalimitedtime.

C.Itisthemostvisitedexhibitionintheworld.

D.Ithassomethingtodowiththegrowthoflife.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了波士顿科技馆的四个展览的相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据ButterflyCarden部分中的“Ticketsarerequiredandvisitorsshouldreserveatleasttwoweeksinadvance.”游客必须购票，并至少提前两周预订。

可知，参现ButterflyGarden需要提前预订。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据ABird'sWorld部分中的“PracticeyourflyingtechniqueintheBirdWalk.”在BirdWalk中练习你的飞行技巧。

可知，游客在BirdWalk活动中提高自己的飞行技能。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据BODYWORIDS&TheCycleoflife部分中的“TemporaryExhibitNowOpen!

”临时展览现在开始！

可知，BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife这个展览不是永久性的，而是临时的。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.

   ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.

   ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact

 fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.

   Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?

Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:

jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.

   SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.

（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?

A. Tointroducethetopic.

B. TomentionNigel'sfeat.

C. Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.

D. TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.

（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?

A. Besuperiorto                 

B. Beinferiorto                 

C. Besimilarto                 

D. Berelatedto

（3）Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?

A. Thewriter.            

B. Theshopassistant.            

C. Thebabysitter.            

D. Thepsychologist.

（4）WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?

A. LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.

B. Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.

C. Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.

D. Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。

因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（NigelRichards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。

但是,他不会说法语。

其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。

而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。

结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。

首先,有创造性的工作。

人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。

也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。

排除A；再根据第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:

jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

   Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition（转型）.

   Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

   Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms（indevelopedmarkets）andtelecomscompanies（inemergingones）aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

   Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

   Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.

（1）Somerichcountriesaretryingto     .

A. dematerializemoney

B. getridoftheside-effectsofcash

C. maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspecies

D. promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins

（2）Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow    .

A. thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries

B. thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworld

C. digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestopped

D. Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment

（3）Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause     .

A. youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallives

B. suppliersaretryingtoreducec