英语专业论文.docx

英语专业论文.docx

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英语专业论文

JIANGXIAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITY

本科毕业论文（设计）

题目：

浅析字母“A”在《红字》中人物的象征意义

英文标题：

TheAnalysisofSymbolicMeaningofLetter“A”ofTheCharactersinTheScarletLetter

学院：

外国语学院

姓名：

xxxxxx

学号：

xxxxxxx

专业：

英语（双学位）

年级：

12级

指导教师xxxx职称：

二0一五年五月

Contents

摘要

Abstract

1Introduction

2LiteratureReview

2.1TheDefinitionofSymbolism

2.2BackgroundofTheTime

2.2.1SocialBackground

2.2.3FamilyBackground

2.3ResearchQuestions

3SymbolismEmployedinTheNovel

3,1TheSymbolicMeaningoftheCharactersandLetterA

3.1.1LetterAandHesterPrynne

3.1.1.1Shortsummary

3.1.2LetterAandChillingworth

3.1.3LetterAandDimmesdale

3.1.4LetterAandPeal

4.TheAuthor’sInnerMind

4.1Hawthorne’swritingStyle

4.2ScarletletterAandHawthorne

5.Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgment

摘要

《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔.霍桑的代表作。

在当时的美国产生了深远的影响。

与霍桑同时代的作家赫尔曼.麦尔维尔在评论他的作品时深情地表达了他对霍桑的崇敬和赞颂，甚至认为他和英国的莎士比亚不分轩轾。

在《红字》这篇长篇小说中，象征手法和心理描写的灵活运用是这部作品的最主要特色。

红色字母A也是书中重要的象征符号，它也是一个主要贯穿全文的线索，连接着故事中的每一个场景，而且在每个人物身上都有着不同的象征意义。

本文就出现在小说中的几个主人公具体分析了红A对于每个人物不同的象征意义。

充分描写每个人物在不同时期对于红字A的不同意义，并得出一些新的结论和看法。

关键字：

《红字》；红字A；象征手法；象征意义

Abstract

TheScarletLetter（1850）isthemasterpieceofAmericanwriterNathanielHawthorne.Atthattime,hisworkleftaprofoundimpactintheUnitedStates.AndHermanMelville,whoisacontemporarywriterwithHawthorne,deeplyexpressedhisreverenceandpraiseinareviewofhiswork,orevensaidthatheisthesecondBritishShakespeareregardlessoforiginandstatue.InTheScarletLetter（1850）,theflexibleuseofsymbolismandpsychologicaldescriptionisthemaincharacteristicsofthiswork.RedletterAisalsoanimportantsymbolinthebook,itisalsoamajorcluethroughoutthetext,connectingthestoryofeachscene,andeachofthecharactershasdifferentsymbolicmeaning.

ThisarticleappearedinthenovelafewspecificanalysisofthescarletletterAforeachcharacterfordifferentsymbolicmeaning.FullydescribeeachcharacteratdifferenttimesfordifferentmeaningsofthescarletletterA,anddrawsomenewconclusionsandviews.

Keywords:

Thescarletletter;ScarletA;Symbolism;Symbolicmeaning

1Introduction

NathanielHawthorneisoftenconsideringbeingthefirstnovelistintheAmericanliterature.Butnotmeansthatheisthemostfamousone.Heisknownashisuniquewritingstyleandthewaythatheusestodescribethecharactersinhisworks.Andheisalsoalegendpersonwhoisjudgedbymanybigbugs,whichhascreatedmuchofastirinthesociety.

BornonJuly4th,1804inSalem,Massachusetts,NathanielHawthornelivesinfamilythathadbeenprominentintheareasincecolonialtimes.ArichloreoffamilyandlocalhistoryprovidedmuchofthematerialforHawthorne’sworks.

WhenNathanielwasfour,hisfatherdiedonavoyageinSuriname,DutchGuinea,butmaternalrelativesrecognizedhisliterarytalentandfinancedhiseducationatBowdoinCollege.Amonghisclassmatesweremanyoftheimportantliteraryandpoliticalfiguresoftheday:

writerHoratioBridge,futureSenatorJonathanCiley,HenryWadsworthLongfellow,andfuturePresidentFranklinPierce.TheseprominentfriendssuppliedHawthornewithgovernmentemploymentintheleantimes,allowinghimtimetobloomasanauthor.

TheScarletLetter（1850）,TheHouseoftheSevenGables（1851）,TheBlithedaleRomance（1852）andTheMarbleFaun（1860）arethefourbest-knownshortstories.Beforepublishinghisfirstcollectionoftalesin1837,Hawthornewrotescoresofshortstoriesandsketches,publishingthemanonymouslyorpseudonymouslyinperiodicalssuchasTheNewEnglandMagazineandTheUnitedStatesMagazineandDemocraticReview.Onlyaftercollectinganumberofhisshortstoriesintothetwo-volumeTwice-ToldTalesin1837didHawthornebegintoattachhisnametohisworks.AndhediedonMay19th,1864.Hewasburiedwithmanyfamouswriters.

Thescarletletterisbasedonhislife,experience,thesocialandreligiousbackground.Itmainlydescribedfourdifferentpersonswhoacteddifferentroles.WhenTheScarletLetter（1850）waspublishedout,itwascriticizedbymanypeopleandhasevenbeennamedasasymptomofsick.ButthetruthisthatitdoesisaawesomeworkandhasmadeabigsensationintheworldofEnglish-Americanliteraturehistory.

2LiteratureReview

Hawthorne’sworkwasfamous,butwasstillcriticizedbymanypeople.HisnovelisoftenseenastheeyeofthetimeandhewasevenjudgedasthesecondMonaLisa.

2.1TheDefinitionofSymbolism

Symbolismisaliterarygenreofthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcentury,it'sstraightfromthediscontentmentofromanticism,emphasizingonimpliedandsymbolicexpression.Itsbasicmeaningis:

themysteryoftheworld;inductiontheory,hintedthatthemystery.Whilesuggestingthatnotdepict,combiningpoetryandmusic.

Symbolismisanewcreativeideainliterature,itsliteraturethroughoutthetwentiethcenturyhashadaprofoundimpact.

2.2BackgroundofTheTime

2.2.1TheSocialBackground

TheScarletLetter（1850）isatthebackgroundofNorthAmericanPuritan,NewEnglandoftheseventeenthcenturyundercolonialrule.SalemTownistheauthor’sbirthplace,andthereisanimportantcolonialportwhereistherampantlandofPuritanforces.

Therewasnodoubtthattheremanygooddeedsofpuritanreligion,suchasself-dependentandimprovement,self-respectandself-disciple.Ontheotherhand,theregulationsmadebythepuritanweretoostrictandrigid,sometimescouldbedehumanize.Therewasalwaysacontradictionbetweenhumanityandreligion.Thosewhodidnotobeytherulesweresufferedwithreligiouspersecution.Nomatterchildrenoradult,femaleormale,citizenorcelebrity,Puritanrulewassevereanditsconsequencesreadilyvisible.UnderPuritaninfluenceandpolicies,Englishtheaterswereclosed.LiterarystylerejectedtheallegedexcessesofElizabethanmetaphysicalpoetry,callingforarestrainedstyle.Inthe17thcentury,religionwasfarmoreimportantthanitistoday.Itwasavitalpartofeverydaylife.Furthermore,therewasnotolerationinmattersofreligion.Bylaws,everydaywassupposedtobelongtotheChurchofEngland.

2.2.2TheFamilyBackground

ThesuccessfulcompletionofTheScarletLetter（1850）isdrivefromthestoriesofHawthorne’sfamilybackgroundandrelationship,ItisreportedthatavarietyofimagesofthecharactersinTheScarletLetter（1850）arefirmlyrelatedwithhischildhoodlifeexperiences.Hewasborninabigaristocraticfamily,severalgenerationsofancestorsarefanaticalPuritan,ItissaidthathisancestorsofFivejudgmentaboutNorthKoreaisoneofthethreejudgesin1692witchthecaseofSalemflooding,whichleftadeepscarinhismindduringhischildhood.Hisfatherwasdiedwhenhewasfouryearsold.Attheageofnine,hesprainedhislegwhenplayingwithhiscompanions,andfootdiseaseaddedasenseofinferioritytohim.Laterhereadtomotivatehimselfandisdeterminedtobecomeawriter.

Obviously,hisfamily'sweakness,hisfatherdeath,andthedependenceonothersforlifeandtheformationoffootdiseasebringtoomanynegativefactorstohispersonallife.Mother’sdisplacedgriefmadehimdevelopedanastyhabitofsolitude,andhissenseoflonelinesscanbeseeneverywhereinhiswork.

2.3ResearchQuestions

Howtotreatthecharactersofeachroleinthisnovel?

WhatistherepresentativesignificancefortheauthorinTheScarletLetter（1850）?

Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthecharactersinthisnovel?

3SymbolismEmployedintheNovel

3.1TheSymbolicMeaningoftheCharactersandLetterA

Inthescarletletter（1850）thisnovel,Hawthornemadefulluseofhisusualsymbolisminhisstudies,reachedtheacmeofperfection,whichaddedtheromanticworksanddeepenthemoral.ThescarletletterA,astheclue,isalmostconnectedwitheverysceneandeachcharacterimageofthestory,ThefourmaincharactersinthisbooklikeHesterPrynnee,Dimmesdale,Chillingworthandpearl,andbytheverysymbolicmeaningofthescarletletterA,itintegratesbeautifullywithcrime,hiddensin,confessionandredemptionplotchanges.Thesecharactershavedifferentcharacteristics,divorcingfromtherealitytodream,coveredbythemysteriousauraandtheyareelusive.

ThescarletletterAisthecoreofthearticle,eachcharacterisreflectedindifferentsymbolicsignificance.ThescarletletterAtoHester,thefirstisasymbolofshame.AtthebackgroundofPuritanbrutalcolonialtime,sheisindeeplovewithayoungpriestcalledDimmesdale,buttheirloveisnottoleratedbythePuritandoctrine,thusthosewhoarereligiousrulerssanctimoniousputherontothegallowspillory,beingshapedintoasermonofadulterycrimespecimens,punishedhertowearlifelongscarletletterA,tobearallthepainandtorturethroughoutallherlife.

3.1.1LetterAandHesterPrynne

ThescarletletterAtoHesterisabraveandtenaciouspronoun.Hesterisabeautifulandkind-heartedpersonwholovesherlife,herunhappymarriagewiththeoldhypocrisyscholarRogerChillingworthruinedheryouthandvitalitybyheavydepression,andsheandDimmesdale’slovemadeheranewlife.Evenafterbeingpunishedforadultery,ridiculedandisolatedbythepeople,shealsodidnotforgetthatthepursuitofbeautyandtheloyaltytolove,theoriginalscarletletter“A”asasymbolshameuponhercharm,hasbecomeakindofherbodydecoration.Thispointhasfullyreflectedinthescarletletter（1850）andmarkedHester’schestredanelegantasifnotthehumiliation,butartjewelry.Thered“A”wordismadeoffinecloth,surroundedwithgoldenthread,and