高中英语三大从句.docx

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高中英语三大从句.docx

高中英语三大从句

高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。

分别是:

1、定语从句(形容词从句)

2、名词词从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)

3、状语从句(副词性从句,包括时间,地点,结果,目的,原因等)

一、定语从句:

定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

1、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。

(1),who,whom,that

  这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。

(2),Which用来指人或物

  (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略)

(3),whose

  “whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)

2、关系代词引导的定语从句

(1),关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是thereason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。

(2),关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。

(3),关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。

3、非限制性定语从句

它起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。

在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。

二、名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

  1、连词(5个):

that(宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)

  whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)

  asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)

  以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

  2、连接代词(9个):

what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever

  3、连接副词(7个):

when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however

三、状语从句

状语从句(AdverbialClause)状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。

它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。

从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

状语从句细分的话,共包括九种:

 1.时间状语从句

  2.地点状语从句

  3.原因状语从句

  4.条件状语从句

  5.目的状语从句

  6.让步状语从句

  7.比较状语从句

  8.方式状语从句

  91.Marylivesintheroom,thedoor_____openseast.

A.ofitB.ofwhichC.ofthatD.whose

2.Theengineer_____myfatheristalkinghasjustcomefromabroad.

A.withwhomB.withwhoC.withwhichD.that

3.Helivesinahotel,_____isonlyfiveminutes’walkfromhere.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.where

4.Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou?

.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that

5.Thespeakerwilltellusaboutsomewritersandtheirworks_____areknowntous.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.who

6.Thisisthereason_____theyareallagainsttheplan.

A.whichB.thatC.whyD.what

7.Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_____thetravelerfoundahotel.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.where

8.Ididn’tliketheway_____shespoketome.

A.whichB.thatC.howD.as

9.Thisis_____Icandoforyourightnow.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as

10.Itwasatourcollegelibrary_____Iborrowedthenovel.

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.where

11.Ihaveseentrees,_____openatsunriseandcloseatsunset.

A.whichtheleavesB.ofwhichleavesC.whoseleavesD.itsleaves

12.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.

A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which

13.Theforeignguests,_____werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.

A.mostofwhomB.mostofthemC.mostofwhichD.mostofthose

14.OnthetrainIsawastudent_____Ithoughtwasyoursister.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that

15.Istheriver_____throughthetownverylong?

A.flowsB.thatflowsC.whichflowD.theoneflows

16.Isthiscollege_____theywenttolastyear?

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

17.Isthistheuniversity_____youvisitedlasttime?

A.thatoneB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

18.I’dliketotellyou_____Isawintheexhibition.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD./

19.Ihopethatthelittle_____Ihavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.forwhich

20.Who_______hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?

A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom

21Thebikeanditsrider_____hadknockeddowntheboyweretakentothepolice.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom

22.Puttheletter______hecanfinditeasily.

A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whereD.which

23.Thisistheveryletter_____Iamlookingfor.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.what

24.Tomdidn’tattendthemeeting,________weexpected.

A.whereB.thatC.asD.what

25.Iwillgiveyousuchinformation_______willhelpyou.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.what

26.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity____Iknow.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

27.Thelady____isawomanscientist.

A.whomyouspokeB.withwhichyouspokeC.whomyousaidtoD.youspoketo

28.Thisisthethirdweek_____thedustmenhaven’tcomefortherubbish.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.onwhich

29.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents_________thetruth.

A.whoknowB.whoknowsC.thatknowD.whoareknowing

30.Didtheyfindtheywentback________?

A.wherehadtheybeenB.whereweretheyC.wheretheyhadbeenD.wheretheywere

31.Togetthejobstarted,______Ineedisyourpermission.

A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat

32.Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,but_____wasinteresting.

A.mostofthemB.noneofthemC.noneofwhichD.neitherofwhich

33.“Thirty-nineSteps”isoneofthemostexcitingfilms____directedbyAlfredHotchcock.

A.whichwasB.thatwasC.thatwereD.whichwere

34.Alloftheplantsnowraisedonfarmshavebeendevelopedfromtheplants_____wild.

A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew

35.Those_____werenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothes.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose

36.Thechildrenthemselveswerecalmenough;_____theparentsthatgotintoa

panic.A.inspiteofB.thosewereC.itwasD.however

37.Itismanyyears_____wemetlastinLondon.

A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.which

38.She’llbeonthesametrain_____Iamontoday.

A.asB.likeC.withD.that

39.WhenpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofUS,thefirst_____comesintomindisNewYork.

A.cityB.ofthemC.oneD.that

40.Isthereanyoneinyourclass_____familyisinthecity?

A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.who

41.Hehasn’tgotenoughmoneywith_____hecanbuythecomputer.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.whom

42.Winteristhetimeofyear_____thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whose

43.Football,_____isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.

A.thatB.whichC.itD.who

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高中英语定语从句汇总讲解

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◆英语谚语欣赏

1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.

不懂装懂,一事无成.

2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下

3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.

Ⅰ.概念:

(1)定语从句:

在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行词:

被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用:

1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;

2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)

常用的关系代词:

that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,"没有……不……",在从句中作主语,宾语)

常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):

when、why、where

ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.

Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.

Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.

定语从句三步:

第一找出先行词;

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);

第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:

●that:

可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:

1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)

2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?

3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)

4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?

5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.

6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)

7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。

=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.

●which:

指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。

如:

1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)

2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)

3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.

4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)

5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)

6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.

●who,whom,whose:

who:

主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人

whom:

宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人

whose:

属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。

Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)

Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)

He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.

=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.

比较:

Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.

Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.

Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)

=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.

ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome

关系代词作介词宾语:

关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。

关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.)

Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.

=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.

DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?

=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?

Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.

Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?

Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?

Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingaft

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